1.封装音频录制工具类：

public class RecorderAudioManagerUtils {
   private static volatile RecorderAudioManagerUtils mInstance;
       public static RecorderAudioManagerUtils getInstance() {
        if (mInstance == null) {
            synchronized (RecorderAudioManagerUtils.class) {
                if (mInstance == null) {
                    mInstance = new RecorderAudioManagerUtils();
                }
            }
        }
        return mInstance;
    }
 }

2.音频录制方法：

    public void startRecord(WeakReference<Context> weakReference) {
        this.weakReference = weakReference;
        Log.e(TAG, "开始录音");
        //生成PCM文件
        String fileName = DateFormat.format("yyyy-MMdd-HHmmss", Calendar.getInstance(Locale.getDefault())) + ".pcm";
        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "/ACC音频/");
        if (!file.exists()) {
            file.mkdir();
        }
        String audioSaveDir = file.getAbsolutePath();
        Log.e(TAG, audioSaveDir);
        recordFile = new File(audioSaveDir, fileName);
        Log.e(TAG, "生成文件" + recordFile);
        //如果存在，就先删除再创建
        if (recordFile.exists()) {
            recordFile.delete();
            Log.e(TAG, "删除文件");
        }
        try {
            recordFile.createNewFile();
            Log.e(TAG, "创建文件");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "未能创建");
            throw new IllegalStateException("未能创建" + recordFile.toString());
        }
        if (filePathList.size() == 2) {
            filePathList.clear();
        }
        filePathList.add(recordFile);
        try {
            //输出流
            OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(recordFile);
            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os);
            DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(bos);
            int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding);
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(weakReference.get(), Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                return;
            }
           audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding, bufferSize);

            short[] buffer = new short[bufferSize];
            audioRecord.startRecording();
            Log.e(TAG, "开始录音");
            isRecording = true;
            while (isRecording) {
                int bufferReadResult = audioRecord.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);
                for (int i = 0; i < bufferReadResult; i++) {
                    dos.writeShort(buffer[i]);
                }
            }
            audioRecord.stop();
            dos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Log.e(TAG, "录音失败");
            showToast("录音失败");
        }
    }

3.播放音频方法:

public void playPcm(boolean isChecked) {
    try {
        if (isChecked) {
            //两首一起播放
            for (File recordFiles : filePathList) {
                threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> playPcmData(recordFiles));
            }
        } else {
            //只播放最后一次录音
            playPcmData(recordFile);
        }
    }catch (Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

4.播放pcm流边录边播：

/**
 * 播放Pcm流,边读取边播
 */
public void playPcmData(File recordFiles) {
    Log.e(TAG, "打印线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    try {
        DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(recordFiles)));
        //最小缓存区
        int bufferSizeInBytes = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, audioEncoding);
        AudioTrack player = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, audioEncoding, bufferSizeInBytes, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
        short[] data = new short[bufferSizeInBytes];
        //开始播放
        player.play();
        while (true) {
            int i = 0;
            while (dis.available() > 0 && i < data.length) {
                data[i] = dis.readShort();
                i++;
            }
            player.write(data, 0, data.length);
            //表示读取完了
            if (i != bufferSizeInBytes) {
                player.stop();//停止播放
                player.release();//释放资源
                dis.close();
                showToast("播放完成了！！！");
                break;
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "播放异常: " + e.getMessage());
        showToast("播放异常！！！！");
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

5.播放所有音频方法：

    public void playAllRecord() {
        if (recordFile == null) {
            return;
        }
        //读取文件
        int musicLength = (int) (recordFile.length() / 2);
        short[] music = new short[musicLength];
        try {
            InputStream is = new FileInputStream(recordFile);
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
            DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bis);
            int i = 0;
            while (dis.available() > 0) {
                music[i] = dis.readShort();
                i++;
            }
            dis.close();
            AudioTrack audioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, channelConfiguration, audioEncoding, musicLength * 2, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
            audioTrack.play();
            audioTrack.write(music, 0, musicLength);
            audioTrack.stop();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            Log.e(TAG, "播放失败");
            showToast("播放失败");
        }
    }

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6.设置是否录音方法：

public void setRecord(boolean isRecording) {
    this.isRecording = isRecording;
}

7.暂停播放音频方法：

    public void pauseAudio(){
        if(audioRecord != null ){
            audioRecord.stop();
        }
    }

8.回收资源和播放器方法：

    public void releaseAudio(){
        if(audioRecord != null){
            audioRecord.release();
        }
        if(handler != null){
            handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
        }
        if(threadPoolExecutor != null){
            threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
        }
    }

9.音频播放、文件读写权限申请：

    private void afterPermissions() {
        // Marshmallow开始才用申请运行时权限
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permissions[i]) !=
                        PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    mPermissionList.add(permissions[i]);
                }
            }
            if (!mPermissionList.isEmpty()) {
                String[] permissions = mPermissionList.toArray(new String[mPermissionList.size()]);
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST);
            }
        }
    }

10.调用开始录音：

       btnRecord.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                buttonEnabled(false, true, true);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "开始录音", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {
                    RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().startRecord(new WeakReference<>(getApplicationContext()));
                });
            }
        });

11.调用播放音频:

       btnPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().playPcm(true);
                buttonEnabled(false, false, true);
            }
        });

12.调用停止录音：

        btnStop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                new Handler().post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        buttonEnabled(true, true, false);
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "停止录音", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().pauseAudio();
                    }
                });
            }
        });

13.设置录音、播放、停止按钮状态：

private void buttonEnabled(boolean record, boolean play, boolean stop) {
    btnRecord.setEnabled(record);
    btnPlay.setEnabled(play);
    btnStop.setEnabled(stop);
}

14.布局文件代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_record"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="录制音频"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/btn_play"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_play"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="播放音频"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/btn_stop"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/btn_record"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_stop"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="停止录制"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/btn_play"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

15.布局预览效果如下：

在这里插入图片描述

16.完整MainActivity代码:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btnRecord,btnPlay,btnStop;
    ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
            3, 5,
            1, TimeUnit.MINUTES,
            new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10),
            Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
            new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
    private String[] permissions = new String[]{
            android.Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};
    /**
     * 被用户拒绝的权限列表
     */
    private List<String> mPermissionList = new ArrayList<>();
    private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST = 1001;
    private final String TAG = MainActivity.this.getClass().getSimpleName();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        afterPermissions();
        initView();
    }

    private void afterPermissions() {
        // Marshmallow开始才用申请运行时权限
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permissions[i]) !=
                        PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    mPermissionList.add(permissions[i]);
                }
            }
            if (!mPermissionList.isEmpty()) {
                String[] permissions = mPermissionList.toArray(new String[mPermissionList.size()]);
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST);
            }
        }
    }

    private void initView() {
        btnRecord = findViewById(R.id.btn_record);
        btnPlay = findViewById(R.id.btn_play);
        btnStop = findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);

        btnRecord.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                buttonEnabled(false, true, true);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "开始录音", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {
                    RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().startRecord(new WeakReference<>(getApplicationContext()));
                });
            }
        });

        btnPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().playPcm(true);
                buttonEnabled(false, false, true);
            }
        });
        btnStop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                new Handler().post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        buttonEnabled(true, true, false);
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "停止录音", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().pauseAudio();
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

    private void buttonEnabled(boolean record, boolean play, boolean stop) {
        btnRecord.setEnabled(record);
        btnPlay.setEnabled(play);
        btnStop.setEnabled(stop);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().pauseAudio();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().releaseAudio();
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        boolean allGranted = true;
        for (int results : grantResults) {
            allGranted &= results == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        }
        if (allGranted) {
            afterPermissions();
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "请打开特殊权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    }

}

17.工具类完整代码如下：

package com.example.audiorecorddemo.utils;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.media.AudioFormat;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.media.AudioRecord;
import android.media.AudioTrack;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.text.format.DateFormat;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @author: njb
 * @date: 2023/2/25 18:29
 * @desc:
 */
public class RecorderAudioManagerUtils {
    private static final String TAG = "PlayManagerUtils";
    private WeakReference<Context> weakReference;
    private File recordFile;
    private boolean isRecording;
    /**
     * 最多只能存2条记录
     */
    private final List<File> filePathList = new ArrayList<>(2);

    /**
     * 16K采集率
     */
    int sampleRateInHz = 16000;
    /**
     * 格式
     */

    int channelConfiguration = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
    /**
     * 16Bit
     */
    int audioEncoding = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
    private static volatile RecorderAudioManagerUtils mInstance;
    private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
    AudioRecord audioRecord;

    ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 5, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10));

    public static RecorderAudioManagerUtils getInstance() {
        if (mInstance == null) {
            synchronized (RecorderAudioManagerUtils.class) {
                if (mInstance == null) {
                    mInstance = new RecorderAudioManagerUtils();
                }
            }
        }
        return mInstance;
    }


    public void startRecord(WeakReference<Context> weakReference) {
        this.weakReference = weakReference;
        Log.e(TAG, "开始录音");
        //生成PCM文件
        String fileName = DateFormat.format("yyyy-MMdd-HHmmss", Calendar.getInstance(Locale.getDefault())) + ".pcm";
        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "/ACC音频/");
        if (!file.exists()) {
            file.mkdir();
        }
        String audioSaveDir = file.getAbsolutePath();
        Log.e(TAG, audioSaveDir);
        recordFile = new File(audioSaveDir, fileName);
        Log.e(TAG, "生成文件" + recordFile);
        //如果存在，就先删除再创建
        if (recordFile.exists()) {
            recordFile.delete();
            Log.e(TAG, "删除文件");
        }
        try {
            recordFile.createNewFile();
            Log.e(TAG, "创建文件");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "未能创建");
            throw new IllegalStateException("未能创建" + recordFile.toString());
        }
        if (filePathList.size() == 2) {
            filePathList.clear();
        }
        filePathList.add(recordFile);
        try {
            //输出流
            OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(recordFile);
            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os);
            DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(bos);
            int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding);
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(weakReference.get(), Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                return;
            }
           audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding, bufferSize);

            short[] buffer = new short[bufferSize];
            audioRecord.startRecording();
            Log.e(TAG, "开始录音");
            isRecording = true;
            while (isRecording) {
                int bufferReadResult = audioRecord.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);
                for (int i = 0; i < bufferReadResult; i++) {
                    dos.writeShort(buffer[i]);
                }
            }
            audioRecord.stop();
            dos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Log.e(TAG, "录音失败");
            showToast("录音失败");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 播放pcm流的方法,一次性读取所有Pcm流，读完后在开始播放
     */
    public void playAllRecord() {
        if (recordFile == null) {
            return;
        }
        //读取文件
        int musicLength = (int) (recordFile.length() / 2);
        short[] music = new short[musicLength];
        try {
            InputStream is = new FileInputStream(recordFile);
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
            DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bis);
            int i = 0;
            while (dis.available() > 0) {
                music[i] = dis.readShort();
                i++;
            }
            dis.close();
            AudioTrack audioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, channelConfiguration, audioEncoding, musicLength * 2, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
            audioTrack.play();
            audioTrack.write(music, 0, musicLength);
            audioTrack.stop();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            Log.e(TAG, "播放失败");
            showToast("播放失败");
        }
    }


    public void playPcm(boolean isChecked) {
        try {
            if (isChecked) {
                //两首一起播放
                for (File recordFiles : filePathList) {
                    threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> playPcmData(recordFiles));
                }
            } else {
                //只播放最后一次录音
                playPcmData(recordFile);
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 播放Pcm流,边读取边播
     */
    public void playPcmData(File recordFiles) {
        Log.e(TAG, "打印线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        try {
            DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(recordFiles)));
            //最小缓存区
            int bufferSizeInBytes = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, audioEncoding);
            AudioTrack player = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, audioEncoding, bufferSizeInBytes, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
            short[] data = new short[bufferSizeInBytes];
            //开始播放
            player.play();
            while (true) {
                int i = 0;
                while (dis.available() > 0 && i < data.length) {
                    data[i] = dis.readShort();
                    i++;
                }
                player.write(data, 0, data.length);
                //表示读取完了
                if (i != bufferSizeInBytes) {
                    player.stop();//停止播放
                    player.release();//释放资源
                    dis.close();
                    showToast("播放完成了！！！");
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "播放异常: " + e.getMessage());
            showToast("播放异常！！！！");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public File getRecordFile() {
        return recordFile;
    }

    public void setRecord(boolean isRecording) {
        this.isRecording = isRecording;
    }

    public void pauseAudio(){
        if(audioRecord != null ){
            audioRecord.stop();
        }
    }

    public void releaseAudio(){
        if(audioRecord != null){
            audioRecord.release();
        }
        if(handler != null){
            handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
        }
        if(threadPoolExecutor != null){
            threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
        }
    }

    private void showToast(String msg) {
        if(weakReference.get() != null){
            handler.post(() -> Toast.makeText(weakReference.get(), msg, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show());
        }
    }

}