前提
hive依赖hadoop的相关组件，需要启动Hadoop的相关组件。
Hive 版本：3.1.3
Hadoop版本：3.3.4
hive-env.sh
export HADOOP_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/usr/local/Cellar/hive/3.1.3/libexec/conf
export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=/usr/local/Cellar/hive/3.1.3/libexec/lib
hive-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&useSSL=false</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>root</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.cli.print.header</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.cli.print.current.db</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<!-- hiveserver2运行绑定的host -->
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.bind.host</name>
<value>localhost</value>
</property>
<!-- 远程模式部署metastore 的地址 -->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
<value>thrift://localhost:9083</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置hiveserver2服务启动问题（不配置，则hiveserver无法监听服务，会导致beeline客户端无法连接） -->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.event.db.notification.api.auth</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
</configuration>
hive初始化
需要先启动Hadoop的相关组件服务。
schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema --verbose
注意：一定要先-dbType mysql然后才-initSchema，否则会出现连接MySQL的错误，
Metastore connection URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&useSSL=false
Metastore Connection Driver : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
Metastore connection User: root
org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Failed to get schema version.
Underlying cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException : Communications link failure
The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.
SQL Error code: 0
org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Failed to get schema version.
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.tools.HiveSchemaHelper.getConnectionToMetastore(HiveSchemaHelper.java:94)
at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.getConnectionToMetastore(HiveSchemaTool.java:169)
at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.testConnectionToMetastore(HiveSchemaTool.java:475)
at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.doInit(HiveSchemaTool.java:581)
at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.doInit(HiveSchemaTool.java:567)
at org.apache.hive.beeline.HiveSchemaTool.main(HiveSchemaTool.java:1517)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure
The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:403)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:990)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.<init>(MysqlIO.java:335)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.coreConnect(ConnectionImpl.java:2187)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2220)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2015)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:768)
at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:403)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:385)
at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:323)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:664)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:247)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.tools.HiveSchemaHelper.getConnectionToMetastore(HiveSchemaHelper.java:88)
... 11 more
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused (Connection refused)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:350)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:206)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:188)
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:606)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StandardSocketFactory.connect(StandardSocketFactory.java:211)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.<init>(MysqlIO.java:299)
... 26 more
*** schemaTool failed ***
metastore服务启动
进入hive的bin目录，执行命令hive --service metastore ,或者使用nohup命令进行后台启动，nohup hive --service metastore &，这样就启动了metastore服务，可以通过jps命令查看，是否存在RunJar的进程，存在则说明启动成功，再通过hive客户端连接即可。
hiveserver2服务启动
该服务依赖于metastore服务，所以，在启动hiveserver2之前，一定确保已经启动了metastore服务，这时，可以通过hive --service hiveserver2命令启动服务，当然同样可以通过nohup命令进行后台启动，nohup hive --service hiveserver2 &，启动后，通过jps命令查看服务进程，此时会多出一个RunJar的进程，即为hiverserver2的服务。
通过beeline客户端进行连接，此时还没有真正连接上。
还需要在当前客户端窗口输入hiveserver2的连接信息，! connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000，hive2默认的端口为10000，此时，会提示让你输入用户名名，然后再输入密码。
Error:Could not open client transport with JDBC Uri: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/default:java.net.ConnectException refused
出现上述错误
需要在hive-site。添加如下配置
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.event.db.notification.api.auth</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
然后重新启动相关服务，再使用beeline客户端连接，出现了如下错误：
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: yuxiao
Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000:
23/05/01 18:14:01 [main]: WARN jdbc.HiveConnection: Failed to connect to localhost:10000
Error: Could not open client transport with JDBC Uri: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Failed to open new session: java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.AuthorizationException): User: yuxiao is not allowed to impersonate yuxiao (state=08S01,code=0)
这个问题是由于不允许你当前登录的用户访问hadoop，所以需要调整hadoop的core-site.xml的配置，添加相关proxuser的访问即可，
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.用户名.hosts</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.用户名.groups</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
将配置文件的用户修改上hive不允许访问的用户名，配置文件修改后，重新启动hadoop的dfs服务，
再使用beeline客户端访问，用户名输入之前提示不允许访问的用户名，密码直接回车即可，这样就可以正常访问hive了，如下图所示：
查看数据库：
hive webui配置
hiveserver2服务具有可视化界面，查看相关信息，需要在hive-site.xml文件配置webui，如下所示：
<property>
<name>hive.server2.webui.host</name>
<value>127.0.0.1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.server2.webui.port</name>
<value>10002</value>
</property>
在启动hiveserver2服务后，访问10002端口查看webui，如下：
