1、数据库下载和安装文档

1.1、查看oracle 11g 适合安装的linux版本

RHEL 7

参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106

参考这个的话会认为RHEL8也可以安装，属实是毁人不倦。
看来oracle的官网手册可能也不靠谱。

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/relnotes.112/e23558/toc.htm#CHDHIFDE

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 可以安装

redhat 8版本要求：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2: 4.18.0-348.12.2.el8_5.x86_64 or later

1.2、安装文档

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/toc.htm

1.3、license种类解释（ XE版 标准本 个人版 企业版）

各种不同的oracle版本 XE版 标准本 个人版等
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e47877/toc.htm

1.4、在安装完oracle后再创建数据库

查看 Oracle Database 2 Day DBA
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10897/install.htm#ADMQS023
完整文档：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10897/toc.htm

1.5、DBA的文档

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25494/toc.htm

1.6、Automatic Storage Management Administrator’s Guide

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e18951/toc.htm

See also Managing Oracle ASM Users with Oracle Enterprise Manager in
Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator’s Guide for information about the ASMSNMP user

1.7、数据库备份恢复手册

数据库备份恢复手册: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/backup.112/e10642/toc.htm

1.8、Overview of Oracle Database Installation

安装过程中的各个选项释义：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/install_overview.htm#LADBI1042

1.9、升级手册(升级到11.2)

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e23633/upgrade.htm#UPGRD003

2、安装前准备

2.0、硬件要求

2.0.1、/dev/shm 大小要求

/dev/shm > MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET parameters for each Oracle instance on the computer.

2.0.2、文件描述符大小要求

The number of file descriptors for each Oracle instance must be at least 512*PROCESSES. The limit of descriptors for each process must be at least 512.
每个进程需要至少512个。

2.0.3、RAM大小

RAM>2G

2.0.4、SWAP大小

2.0.4、/tmp大小

/tmp > 1G

2.0.5、磁盘大小

2.0.6、显示器分辨率大小

显示器分辨率 > 1024 x 768

2.1、软件要求

2.1.1、操作系统要求

RHEL 7

参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106

2.1.2、内核要求

不用管 ，操作系统满足一般这个可以满足。
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1110

2.1.3、依赖包安装

yum -y install bc binutils compat-openssl10 elfutils-libelf gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel  glibc-devel.i686  ksh libaio libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libcap libXrender libX11 libXau libXi libXi.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libnsl libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686  libxcb  libibverbs make policycoreutils policycoreutils-python-utils smartmontools sysstat

参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1111

--------------------------------
!!!!!!!!!!重要的事情！！！！！！！！
!!!!!!!!!!重要的事情！！！！！！！！
!!!!!!!!!!重要的事情！！！！！！！！
--------------------------------
注意这些包的版本需满足下面所述，不能高于下面版本。如果在link binaries过程安装出现问题，
先确认是不是安装的这些包的版本不是下述这些版本。

binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64 

2.2、Installation Fixup Scripts

如果安装过程出现错误，会用到这个功能去自动修复，但是修复完后还是需要手动去确认确实满足了。

参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1146

During installation, for certain prerequisite verification failures, click Fix & Check Again to generate a fixup script (runfixup.sh). You can run this script as the root user to complete the required preinstallation steps.

The fixup script:

Checks for and sets kernel parameters to values required for successful installation, including:

Shared memory parameters

Open file descriptor and UDP send/receive parameters

Oracle recommends that you do not modify the contents of the generated fixup script.

Note:

Using fixup scripts does not ensure that all the prerequisites for installing Oracle Database are met. You must still verify that all the preinstallation requirements are met to ensure a successful installation.

2.3、端口范围-Verifying UDP and TCP Kernel Parameters

编辑/etc/sysctl.conf

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

修改这行为： net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

如没有这行就添加一行

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

使得修改生效

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf

端口最小值大于9000 是为了防止熟知端口被使用到
最大值尽量大
检查当前端口范围

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range

参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1149

2.4、Installing the cvuqdisk Package for Linux

cluster安装才会使用到，单数据库安装忽略。
这个包在 Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装后的目录oracle_home1/cv/rpm中。

参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1151

2.5、配置/etc/hosts文件

确保/etc/hosts 文件中含有这一行

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

使用如下命令查看是否含有

grep 127.0.0.1 /etc/hosts

没有的话就编辑/etc/hosts文件加入这一行

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1152

2.6、Disabling Transparent HugePages

To check if Transparent HugePages are enabled run one of the following commands as the root user:

cat /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled

或者

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

博主系统是rhel 8.7 不支持设置为never 就不设置了

参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1519

2.7、创建用户和组

groupadd --system oinstall
groupadd --system dba
adduser -m --system -g oinstall -G dba --shell /bin/bash oracle

参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1161

2.8、创建安装目录

mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0.1.0/dbhome
mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:dba /opt/oracle/
chown -R oracle:dba /opt/oraInventory

2.9、Checking Resource Limits for the Oracle Software Installation Users

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

添加以下内容

oracle          soft    nproc           2047
oracle          hard    nproc           16384
oracle          soft    nofile          1024
oracle          hard    nofile          65536
oracle          soft    stack           10240
oracle          hard    stack           32768

重启系统让配置生效

2.10、Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

插入如下内容

# ============================

# Oracle 11g

# ============================

# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# Replace kernel.shmmax with the half of your memory size in bytes

# if lower than 4 GB minus 1

# 6442450944 is 6 GigaBytes (12 GB of RAM / 2)

kernel.shmmax=6442450944 

#

# Max number of network connections. Use sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range to check.

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000  65500

#

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

#

# The maximum allowed value, set to avoid overhead and input/output errors

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

# 512 * Processes

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.suid_dumpable = 1

#

# To allow dba to allocate hugetlbfs pages

# 973 is your oinstall group, you can check this id with the grep oinstall /etc/group command

vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 973

2.11、Setting the shell profile

编辑 /etc/profile

vi /etc/profile

添加以下

if [ $USER = “oracle” ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = “/bin/ksh” ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi      
fi

使生效

source /etc/profile

2.12、 Configuring Oracle Software Owner Environment

指的是oracle用户

su - oracle
vim  ~/.bashrc

插入以下内容

# Oracle Settings
  
TMP=/tmp; export TMP

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

# Enter your hostname

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=debian; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME

ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORADB11G; export ORACLE_UNQNAME

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.1.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=ORADB11G; export ORACLE_SID

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

umask 022

使生效

source  ~/.bashrc

3、安装

3.1、直接使用oracle用户进行ssh登录

shsell中把ssh连接属性配置成 enable X11Forwarding

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

确定有下面这行

3.2、执行安装程序

3.2.1、runInstaller

cd /path/to/oracle/database/

./runInstaller

3.2.2、先决条件检查报错

pkksh可以忽略

参考：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/29554/pdksh-missing-from-rhel-6-and-centos-6
https://oracle-base.com/articles/11g/oracle-db-11gr2-installation-on-oracle-linux-6

安装compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3

wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm

 yum localinstall -y compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -qa | grep compat-libstdc++-33

参考：https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/ibm-watson-explorer-how-install-red-hat-enterprise-linux%C2%AE-8

再次检查

3.2.3、开始安装

3.2.4、等待安装完成

3.2.4、报错 INFO: //usr/lib64/libaio.so.1: undefined reference to `__stack_chk_fail@GLIBC_2.4’

这是因为libaio版本过高，对于oracle11g 的安装， libaio1库版本不能大于0.3.109 。

报错

f

点SKIP

/opt/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/root.sh

安装成功

4、为什么不能永远停留在11g

https://mikedietrichde.com/2022/04/06/why-you-cant-stay-on-oracle-database-11g-forever/