背景

在很久以前为了满足需求，已经开发了一款winform程序，并且是4.6.1版本的，如今为了和第三方对接，需要在这个winform上提供WebAPI的接口。因为第三方的程序是一份没有源码的程序。

思路

方法1

网上有很多自写web服务的功能，个人觉得过于麻烦，而且还要考虑一些路由规则什么的，太难了

方法2

使用iis或者nginx提供服务，一个web程序和一个winform程序实现通信，需要做两个程序，还要交互，麻烦

方法3（本文使用的方法）

考虑4.6.1 版本刚好支持了netcore，所以可以将kestrel服务集成到winform中，直接提供webapi服务

实现

在winform程序中引入几个nuget包

Microsoft.AspNetCore  Version="2.1.7"
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc  Version="2.1.3"

在使用nuget引入的时候会将关联的全部引入进来，完整的packages.config文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<packages>
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore" version="2.1.7" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Antiforgery" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Core" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.Policy" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections.Abstractions" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Cors" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Cryptography.Internal" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.HostFiltering" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Server.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Html.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Extensions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpOverrides" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.JsonPatch" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Localization" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Abstractions" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApiExplorer" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Cors" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.DataAnnotations" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.Json" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor.Extensions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.RazorPages" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.TagHelpers" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Design" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Language" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Runtime" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.ResponseCaching.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.IISIntegration" version="2.1.7" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Https" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Transport.Abstractions" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Transport.Sockets" version="2.1.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Analyzers" version="1.1.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Common" version="2.8.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp" version="2.8.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.CSharp" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.DiaSymReader.Native" version="1.7.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions" version="2.1.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Binder" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.CommandLine" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.EnvironmentVariables" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.FileExtensions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.UserSecrets" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel" version="2.1.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders.Composite" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders.Physical" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.FileSystemGlobbing" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Localization" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Localization.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Configuration" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.ObjectPool" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Options" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Options.ConfigurationExtensions" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.WebEncoders" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers" version="2.1.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Win32.Registry" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="11.0.2" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="Newtonsoft.Json.Bson" version="1.0.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.AppContext" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Buffers" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Collections" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Collections.Concurrent" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Collections.Immutable" version="1.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.ComponentModel.Annotations" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Console" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Diagnostics.Debug" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource" version="4.5.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Diagnostics.StackTrace" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Diagnostics.Tools" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Dynamic.Runtime" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Globalization" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.IO.Compression" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.IO.FileSystem" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.IO.FileSystem.Primitives" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.IO.Pipelines" version="4.5.3" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Linq" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Linq.Expressions" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Memory" version="4.5.2" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Numerics.Vectors" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Reflection" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Reflection.Metadata" version="1.6.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Resources.ResourceManager" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Runtime" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe" version="4.5.2" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Runtime.Extensions" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Runtime.InteropServices" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Runtime.Numerics" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Security.AccessControl" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Security.Cryptography.Algorithms" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Security.Cryptography.Cng" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Security.Cryptography.Encoding" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Security.Cryptography.Primitives" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Security.Cryptography.Xml" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Security.Permissions" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Security.Principal.Windows" version="4.5.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Text.Encoding" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Text.Encoding.Extensions" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Text.Encodings.Web" version="4.5.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Threading" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Threading.Tasks" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Threading.Tasks.Extensions" version="4.5.1" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Threading.Tasks.Parallel" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Threading.Thread" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.ValueTuple" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Xml.ReaderWriter" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Xml.XDocument" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Xml.XmlDocument" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Xml.XPath" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
  <package id="System.Xml.XPath.XDocument" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net461" />
</packages>

新建一个Startup类（叫什么名字都行）

代码如下

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 测试一个winform
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseHsts();
            }

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseMvc();
        }
    }
}

修改Program文件

增加一个启动web的方法，并且在main函数中将方法启动
为了在后面能够调用form1,所以我还将form1的对象改成了静态的，代码如下

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 测试一个winform
{
    internal static class Program
    {
    //声明一个静态的
        public static Form1 mainForm;
        /// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
        //启动
            Task.Run(() => { CreateWebHostBuilder(new string[] { }).Build().Run(); }); 
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            mainForm = new Form1();
            Application.Run(mainForm);
        }

//新增加的代码
        public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args)
        {
            return WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .UseUrls("http://0.0.0.0:7001", "https://0.0.0.0:7002")
                   .UseStartup<Startup>();
        }
    }
}

创建controller

文件结构如下
在这里插入图片描述

代码内容如下

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using 测试一个winform;

namespace 测试一个winform集成web.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
    {
        // GET api/values
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Get()
        {
            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
        }

        // GET api/values/5
        [HttpGet("{id}")]
        public ActionResult<string> Get(int id)
        {

            Program.mainForm.Message(id.ToString());
            return "value";
        } 
    }
}

运行效果(打开浏览器，输入如下地址）

在这里插入图片描述

修改地址，调用get方法引起winform变动

在这里插入图片描述

winform中的message方法


        public void Message(string message)
        {
            //MessageBox.Show(message);
            this.Invoke(new Action(() => { button1.Text = message; }));
         
        }