0、引言

  本文通过AndroidStudio开发手机应用软件，实现蓝牙连接功能，并且能发送消息给HC-05蓝牙，也能接收HC-05回传的消息。本文在【AndroidStudio如何进行手机应用开发？】一文的基础上，进行了一次总结性应用，以下阐述工程建立过程，最终给出应用展示。

1、创建工程

  

2、准备真机调试

  （1）手机打开允许USB调试
  

  （2）数据线连接手机和电脑
  

  （3）Android Studio显示手机设备
  

3、应用布局

  

  activity_main.xml

<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"  
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
android:layout_width="match_parent"  
android:layout_height="match_parent"  
android:orientation="vertical">  
  
<Button  
android:id="@+id/btn_linkBlueTooth"  
android:layout_width="match_parent"  
android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
android:onClick="linkBlueTooth"  
android:text="连接蓝牙"  
android:textSize="12sp"/>  
  
<TextView  
android:id="@+id/tv_blueToothStatus"  
android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
android:layout_margin="10dp"  
android:text="蓝牙状态：未连接"  
android:textSize="18sp"/>  
  
<TextView  
android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
android:layout_margin="10dp"  
android:text="接收消息："  
android:textSize="18sp"/>  
  
<EditText  
android:id="@+id/etxt_receiveMessage"  
android:layout_width="match_parent"  
android:layout_height="200dp"  
android:background="@android:drawable/editbox_background"  
android:gravity="top"  
android:scrollbars="vertical"  
android:singleLine="false"  
android:focusable="false"  
android:editable="false"  
android:text=""  
android:textSize="18sp"/>  
  
<TextView  
android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
android:layout_margin="10dp"  
android:text="发送消息:"  
android:textSize="18sp"/>  
  
<EditText  
android:id="@+id/etxt_sendMessage"  
android:layout_width="match_parent"  
android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
android:background="@android:drawable/editbox_background"  
android:text=""  
android:textSize="18sp"  
tools:ignore="SpeakableTextPresentCheck"/>  
  
<Button  
android:id="@+id/btn_send"  
android:layout_width="match_parent"  
android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
android:onClick="send"  
android:text="发送"  
android:textSize="12sp"/>  
</LinearLayout>

4、代码编写

  （1）添加蓝牙权限
  

<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>  
<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT"/>  
<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN"/>  
<uses-permissionandroid:name="ohos.permission.DISCOVER_BLUETOOTH"/>

  （2）BluetoothChatUtil.java

packagecom.example.blcommunicate;
  
importandroid.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;  
importandroid.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;  
importandroid.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket;  
importandroid.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;  
importandroid.content.Context;  
importandroid.os.Bundle;  
importandroid.os.Handler;  
importandroid.os.Message;  
importandroid.util.Log;  
  
importjava.io.ByteArrayInputStream;  
importjava.io.DataInputStream;  
importjava.io.IOException;  
importjava.io.InputStream;  
importjava.io.OutputStream;  
importjava.util.UUID;  
  
/**  
*该类的工作:建立和管理蓝牙连接。  
*共有三个线程。mAcceptThread线程用来监听socket连接（服务端使用）.  
*mConnectThread线程用来连接serversocket（客户端使用）。  
*mConnectedThread线程用来处理socket发送、接收数据。（客户端和服务端共用）  
*/  
publicclassBluetoothChatUtil{  
privatestaticfinalStringTAG="BluetoothChatClient";  
privatestaticfinalbooleanD=true;  
  
//服务名SDP  
privatestaticfinalStringSERVICE_NAME="BluetoothChat";  
//uuidSDP  
privatestaticfinalUUIDSERVICE_UUID=UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");  
//蓝牙适配器  
privatefinalBluetoothAdaptermAdapter;  
privateHandlermHandler;  
privateAcceptThreadmAcceptThread;  
  
privateConnectThreadmConnectThread;  
privateConnectedThreadmConnectedThread;  
  
privateintmState;  
privatestaticBluetoothChatUtilmBluetoothChatUtil;  
privateBluetoothDevicemConnectedBluetoothDevice;  
//常数，指示当前的连接状态  
publicstaticfinalintSTATE_NONE=0;//当前没有可用的连接  
publicstaticfinalintSTATE_LISTEN=1;//现在侦听传入的连接  
publicstaticfinalintSTATE_CONNECTING=2;//现在开始连接  
publicstaticfinalintSTATE_CONNECTED=3;//现在连接到远程设备  
publicstaticfinalintSTATAE_CONNECT_FAILURE=4;//连接失败  
publicstaticfinalintMESSAGE_DISCONNECTED=5;//断开连接  
publicstaticfinalintSTATE_CHANGE=6;//连接状态改变  
publicstaticfinalintMESSAGE_READ=7;  
publicstaticfinalintMESSAGE_WRITE=8;  
  
publicstaticfinalStringDEVICE_NAME="device_name";  
publicstaticfinalStringREAD_MSG="read_msg";  
  
/**  
*构造函数。准备一个新的bluetoothchat会话。  
*@paramcontext  
*/  
privateBluetoothChatUtil(Contextcontext){  
mAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();  
mState=STATE_NONE;  
}  
  
publicstaticBluetoothChatUtilgetInstance(Contextc){  
if(null==mBluetoothChatUtil){  
mBluetoothChatUtil=newBluetoothChatUtil(c);  
}  
returnmBluetoothChatUtil;  
}  
  
publicvoidregisterHandler(Handlerhandler){  
mHandler=handler;  
}  
  
publicvoidunregisterHandler(){  
mHandler=null;  
}  
  
/**  
*设置当前状态的聊天连接  
*@paramstate整数定义当前连接状态  
*/  
privatesynchronizedvoidsetState(intstate){  
if(D)Log.d(TAG,"setState()"+mState+"->"+state);  
mState=state;  
//给新状态的处理程序，界面活性可以更新  
mHandler.obtainMessage(STATE_CHANGE,state,-1).sendToTarget();  
}  
  
/**  
*返回当前的连接状态。*/  
publicsynchronizedintgetState(){  
returnmState;  
}  
  
publicBluetoothDevicegetConnectedDevice(){  
returnmConnectedBluetoothDevice;  
}  
  
/**  
*开始聊天服务。特别acceptthread开始  
*开始服务器模式。*/  
publicsynchronizedvoidstartListen(){  
if(D)Log.d(TAG,"start");  
//取消任何线程正在运行的连接  
if(mConnectedThread!=null){  
mConnectedThread.cancel();  
mConnectedThread=null;  
}  
//启动线程来监听一个bluetoothserversocket  
if(mAcceptThread==null){  
mAcceptThread=newAcceptThread();  
mAcceptThread.start();  
}  
setState(STATE_LISTEN);  
}  
  
/**  
*开始connectthread启动连接到远程设备。  
*@paramdevice连接的蓝牙设备  
*/  
publicsynchronizedvoidconnect(BluetoothDevicedevice){  
if(D)Log.d(TAG,"connectto:"+device);  
//取消任何线程试图建立连接  
if(mState==STATE_CONNECTING){  
if(mConnectThread!=null){  
mConnectThread.cancel();  
mConnectThread=null;  
}  
}  
//取消任何线程正在运行的连接  
if(mConnectedThread!=null){  
mConnectedThread.cancel();  
mConnectedThread=null;  
}  
//启动线程连接到远程设备  
mConnectThread=newConnectThread(device);  
mConnectThread.start();  
setState(STATE_CONNECTING);  
}  
  
/**  
*开始ConnectedThread开始管理一个蓝牙连接,传输、接收数据.  
*@paramsocketsocket连接  
*@paramdevice已连接的蓝牙设备  
*/  
publicsynchronizedvoidconnected(BluetoothSocketsocket,BluetoothDevicedevice){  
if(D)Log.d(TAG,"connected");  
//取消任何线程正在运行的连接  
if(mConnectedThread!=null){  
mConnectedThread.cancel();  
mConnectedThread=null;  
}  
//启动线程管理连接和传输  
mConnectedThread=newConnectedThread(socket);  
mConnectedThread.start();  
//把连接设备的名字传到uiActivity  
mConnectedBluetoothDevice=device;  
Messagemsg=mHandler.obtainMessage(STATE_CONNECTED);  
Bundlebundle=newBundle();  
bundle.putString(DEVICE_NAME,device.getName());  
msg.setData(bundle);  
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);  
setState(STATE_CONNECTED);  
}  
  
/**  
*停止所有的线程  
*/  
publicsynchronizedvoiddisconnect(){  
if(D)Log.d(TAG,"disconnect");  
if(mConnectThread!=null){mConnectThread.cancel();mConnectThread=null;}  
if(mConnectedThread!=null){mConnectedThread.cancel();mConnectedThread=null;}  
if(mAcceptThread!=null){mAcceptThread.cancel();mAcceptThread=null;}  
setState(STATE_NONE);  
}  
  
/**  
*WritetotheConnectedThreadinanunsynchronizedmanner  
*@paramoutThebytestowrite  
*@seeConnectedThread#write(byte[])  
*/  
publicvoidwrite(byte[]out){  
//创建临时对象  
ConnectedThreadr;  
//同步副本的connectedthread  
synchronized(this){  
if(mState!=STATE_CONNECTED)return;  
r=mConnectedThread;  
}  
//执行写同步  
r.write(out);  
}  
/**  
*IndicatethattheconnectionattemptfailedandnotifytheUIActivity.  
*/  
privatevoidconnectionFailed(){  
//发送失败的信息带回活动  
Messagemsg=mHandler.obtainMessage(STATAE_CONNECT_FAILURE);  
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);  
mConnectedBluetoothDevice=null;  
setState(STATE_NONE);  
}  
  
/**  
*IndicatethattheconnectionwaslostandnotifytheUIActivity.  
*/  
publicvoidconnectionLost(){  
//发送失败的信息带回Activity  
Messagemsg=mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_DISCONNECTED);  
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);  
mConnectedBluetoothDevice=null;  
setState(STATE_NONE);  
}  
  
/**  
*本线程侦听传入的连接。  
*它运行直到连接被接受（或取消）。  
*/  
privateclassAcceptThreadextendsThread{  
//本地服务器套接字  
privatefinalBluetoothServerSocketmServerSocket;  
publicAcceptThread(){  
BluetoothServerSockettmp=null;  
//创建一个新的侦听服务器套接字  
try{  
tmp=mAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(  
SERVICE_NAME,SERVICE_UUID);  
//tmp=mAdapter.listenUsingInsecureRfcommWithServiceRecord(SERVICE_NAME,SERVICE_UUID);  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"listen()failed",e);  
}  
mServerSocket=tmp;  
}  
  
publicvoidrun(){  
if(D)Log.d(TAG,"BEGINmAcceptThread"+this);  
setName("AcceptThread");  
BluetoothSocketsocket=null;  
//循环，直到连接成功  
while(mState!=STATE_CONNECTED){  
try{  
//这是一个阻塞调用返回成功的连接  
//mServerSocket.close()在另一个线程中调用，可以中止该阻塞  
socket=mServerSocket.accept();  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"accept()failed",e);  
break;  
}  
//如果连接被接受  
if(socket!=null){  
synchronized(BluetoothChatUtil.this){  
switch(mState){  
caseSTATE_LISTEN:  
caseSTATE_CONNECTING:  
//正常情况。启动ConnectedThread。  
connected(socket,socket.getRemoteDevice());  
break;  
caseSTATE_NONE:  
caseSTATE_CONNECTED:  
//没有准备或已连接。新连接终止。  
try{  
socket.close();  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"Couldnotcloseunwantedsocket",e);  
}  
break;  
}  
}  
}  
}  
if(D)Log.i(TAG,"ENDmAcceptThread");  
}  
  
publicvoidcancel(){  
if(D)Log.d(TAG,"cancel"+this);  
try{  
mServerSocket.close();  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"close()ofserverfailed",e);  
}  
}  
}  
/**  
*本线程用来连接设备  
*  
*/  
privateclassConnectThreadextendsThread{  
privateBluetoothSocketmmSocket;  
privatefinalBluetoothDevicemmDevice;  
publicConnectThread(BluetoothDevicedevice){  
mmDevice=device;  
BluetoothSockettmp=null;  
//得到一个bluetoothsocket  
try{  
mmSocket=device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord  
(SERVICE_UUID);  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"create()failed",e);  
mmSocket=null;  
}  
}  
  
publicvoidrun(){  
Log.i(TAG,"BEGINmConnectThread");  
try{  
//socket连接,该调用会阻塞，直到连接成功或失败  
mmSocket.connect();  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"IOException");  
connectionFailed();  
try{//关闭这个socket  
mmSocket.close();  
}catch(IOExceptione2){  
e2.printStackTrace();  
}  
return;  
}  
//启动连接线程  
connected(mmSocket,mmDevice);  
}  
  
publicvoidcancel(){  
try{  
mmSocket.close();  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"close()ofconnectsocketfailed",e);  
}  
}  
}  
  
/**  
*本线程server和client共用.  
*它处理所有传入和传出的数据。  
*/  
privateclassConnectedThreadextendsThread{  
privatefinalBluetoothSocketmmSocket;  
privatefinalInputStreammmInStream;  
privatefinalOutputStreammmOutStream;  
  
publicConnectedThread(BluetoothSocketsocket){  
Log.d(TAG,"createConnectedThread");  
mmSocket=socket;  
InputStreamtmpIn=null;  
OutputStreamtmpOut=null;  
//获得bluetoothsocket输入输出流  
try{  
tmpIn=socket.getInputStream();  
tmpOut=socket.getOutputStream();  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"没有创建临时sockets",e);  
}  
mmInStream=tmpIn;  
mmOutStream=tmpOut;  
}  
  
publicvoidrun(){  
//监听输入流  
while(true){  
try{  
byte[]buffer=newbyte[512];  
//读取输入流  
intbytes=mmInStream.read(buffer);  
//发送获得的字节的uiactivity  
Messagemsg=mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ);  
Bundlebundle=newBundle();  
bundle.putByteArray(READ_MSG,buffer);  
msg.setData(bundle);  
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"disconnected",e);  
connectionLost();  
break;  
}  
}  
}  
  
/**  
*向外发送。  
*@parambuffer发送的数据  
*/  
publicvoidwrite(byte[]buffer){  
try{  
mmOutStream.write(buffer);  
//分享发送的信息到Activity  
mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_WRITE,-1,-1,buffer)  
.sendToTarget();  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"Exceptionduringwrite",e);  
}  
}  
  
publicvoidcancel(){  
try{  
mmSocket.close();  
}catch(IOExceptione){  
Log.e(TAG,"close()ofconnectsocketfailed",e);  
}  
}  
}  
  
publicstaticintByteArrayToInt(byteb[])throwsException{  
ByteArrayInputStreambuf=newByteArrayInputStream(b);  
DataInputStreamdis=newDataInputStream(buf);  
returndis.readInt();  
}  
}

  （3）MainActivity.java

packagecom.example.blcommunicate;
  
importandroidx.annotation.RequiresApi;  
importandroidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;  
importandroidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;  
  
importandroid.Manifest;  
importandroid.annotation.SuppressLint;  
importandroid.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;  
importandroid.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;  
importandroid.content.IntentFilter;  
importandroid.content.pm.PackageManager;  
importandroid.os.Build;  
importandroid.os.Bundle;  
importandroid.os.Environment;  
importandroid.os.Handler;  
importandroid.os.Message;  
importandroid.text.method.ScrollingMovementMethod;  
importandroid.util.Log;  
importandroid.view.View;  
importandroid.widget.AdapterView;  
importandroid.widget.ArrayAdapter;  
importandroid.widget.Button;  
importandroid.widget.EditText;  
importandroid.widget.ListView;  
importandroid.widget.TextView;  
importandroid.widget.Toast;  
  
importjava.io.File;  
importjava.io.IOException;  
importjava.text.SimpleDateFormat;  
importjava.util.ArrayList;  
importjava.util.Date;  
importjava.util.Set;  
  
publicclassMainActivityextendsAppCompatActivity{  
TextViewtv_blueToothStatus;  
Buttonbtn_linkBlueTooth;  
Buttonbtn_send;  
EditTextetxt_receiveMessage;  
EditTextetxt_sendMessage;  
privateBluetoothAdapterbluetoothAdapter;  
BluetoothChatUtilmBlthChatUtil;  
booleanreadOver=true;  
StringstrGet="";  
  
@Override  
protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){  
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
  
tv_blueToothStatus=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv_blueToothStatus);  
btn_linkBlueTooth=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_linkBlueTooth);  
btn_send=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_send);  
etxt_receiveMessage=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.etxt_receiveMessage);  
etxt_sendMessage=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.etxt_sendMessage);  
  
if(isSupported()){  
Toast.makeText(this,"设备支持蓝牙",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
}else{  
Toast.makeText(this,"设备不支持蓝牙",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
}  
  
if(bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){  
//已经打开蓝牙，判断Android版本是否需要添加权限，解决：无法发现蓝牙设备的问题  
Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙已打开",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
getPermission();  
}else{  
//开启蓝牙  
if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT)!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){  
return;  
}  
bluetoothAdapter.enable();  
//关闭蓝牙：bluetoothAdapter.disable();  
}  
}  
  
/**  
*连接蓝牙  
*@paramview  
*/  
publicvoidlinkBlueTooth(Viewview){  
etxt_receiveMessage.setText("");  
mBlthChatUtil=BluetoothChatUtil.getInstance(this);  
mBlthChatUtil.registerHandler(mHandler);  
Set<BluetoothDevice>pairedDevices=bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();  
if(pairedDevices.size()>0){  
//如果有配对的设备  
for(BluetoothDevicedevice:pairedDevices){  
//通过arrayadapter在列表中添加设备名称和地址  
if(device.getName().equals("HC-05")){  
if(bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){  
//取消搜索  
bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();  
}  
if(mBlthChatUtil.getState()==BluetoothChatUtil.STATE_CONNECTED){  
showToast("蓝牙已连接");  
}else{  
mBlthChatUtil.connect(device);  
if(mBlthChatUtil.getState()==BluetoothChatUtil.STATE_CONNECTED){  
showToast("蓝牙连接成功");  
}  
}  
break;  
}  
}  
}else{  
showToast("暂无已配对设备");  
}  
}  
  
/**  
*发送  
*@paramview  
*/  
publicvoidsend(Viewview){  
byte[]buffer2=etxt_sendMessage.getText().toString().getBytes();  
mBlthChatUtil.write(buffer2);  
}  
  
/**  
*判断是否设备是否支持蓝牙  
*@return是否支持  
*/  
privatebooleanisSupported(){  
//初始化  
bluetoothAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();  
if(bluetoothAdapter==null){  
returnfalse;  
}else{  
returntrue;  
}  
}  
  
/**  
*获取权限  
*/  
@SuppressLint("WrongConstant")  
privatevoidgetPermission(){  
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>Build.VERSION_CODES.M){  
intpermissionCheck=0;  
permissionCheck=this.checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);  
permissionCheck+=this.checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);  
  
if(permissionCheck!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){  
intACCESS_LOCATION=1;//自定义常量,任意整型  
//未获得权限  
this.requestPermissions(//请求授权  
newString[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,  
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},  
ACCESS_LOCATION);  
}  
}  
}  
  
/**  
*显示消息  
*@paramstr  
*/  
privatevoidshowToast(Stringstr){  
Toast.makeText(this,str,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
}  
  
/**  
*消息句柄  
*/  
privateHandlermHandler=newHandler(){  
@RequiresApi(api=Build.VERSION_CODES.R)  
@SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")  
publicvoidhandleMessage(Messagemsg){  
StringdeviceName=msg.getData().getString(BluetoothChatUtil.DEVICE_NAME);  
switch(msg.what){  
caseBluetoothChatUtil.STATE_CONNECTED:  
showToast("连接成功");  
tv_blueToothStatus.setText("蓝牙状态：已连接HC-05");  
break;  
caseBluetoothChatUtil.STATAE_CONNECT_FAILURE:  
showToast("连接失败");  
break;  
caseBluetoothChatUtil.STATE_CHANGE:  
showToast("正在连接设备..");  
break;  
caseBluetoothChatUtil.MESSAGE_DISCONNECTED:  
showToast("与设备断开连接");  
break;  
//读到另一方传送的消息  
caseBluetoothChatUtil.MESSAGE_READ:{  
//showToast("接收消息成功");  
byte[]buf;  
Stringstr;  
buf=msg.getData().getByteArray(BluetoothChatUtil.READ_MSG);  
str=newString(buf,0,buf.length);  
  
//根据HC-05传来的消息进行相应的处理后显示  
if(readOver){  
strGet=str.trim();  
if(strGet.length()<9){  
readOver=false;  
return;  
}  
}  
else{  
strGet+=str.trim();  
readOver=true;  
}  
etxt_receiveMessage.setText(etxt_receiveMessage.getText()+"\n"+strGet);  
break;  
}  
  
caseBluetoothChatUtil.MESSAGE_WRITE:{  
//showToast("发送消息成功");  
break;  
}  
default:  
break;  
}  
};  
};  
}

  注1：
  代码在笔者编译环境中会出现红色的权限检查报错提示，该错误不影响程序运行。
  

  注2：
  本工程的代码文件参见：手机应用开发之如何利用蓝牙与HC-05通信？-工程代码；
  代码移植方法参见：AndroidStudio如何进行代码移植？。

5、功能演示

  （1）手机配对HC-05蓝牙
  

  （2）软件功能演示
  

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