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前言

本文详细的介绍了如何静默安装Oracle19C,采用静默的方式。

---

📣 1.安装环境准备

1.查看物理内存
[root@rhel76 ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3932         748        2337          13         845        2879
Swap:          1907           0        1907

2.操作系统版本
[root@rhel76 ~]#  cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo) 

3.操作系统内存
[root@rhel76 ~]# df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

4.磁盘空间
[root@rhel76 ~]# df -TH
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs        32G  4.6G   27G  15% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.1G   14M  2.1G   1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             xfs       996M  172M  825M  18% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-u01  xfs        30G   34M   30G   1% /u01
tmpfs                 tmpfs     413M  8.2k  413M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     413M   46k  413M   1% /run/user/0


[root@rhel76 ~]# df -h /tmp/
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   30G  4.3G   26G  15% /

[root@rhel76 ~]# df -h /u01
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-u01   28G   33M   28G   1% /u01

[root@rhel76 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:       1953788 kB

注意：内存为2G，要求Swap分区的大小为2G

5.查看系统架构
[root@rhel76 ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@x86-040.build.eng.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Oct 4 20:48:51 UTC 2018


6.解析/etc/hosts
[root@rhel76 ~]# hostname
rhel76
[root@rhel76 ~]# more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

此处vi加入以下内容：
[root@rhel76 ~]# more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.6.81 rhel76


7.关闭防火墙还有selinux
systemctl status firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

[root@rhel76 ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
[root@rhel76 ~]# 
[root@rhel76 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

Nov 21 22:14:51 rhel76 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Nov 21 22:14:52 rhel76 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Nov 21 22:30:01 rhel76 systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Nov 21 22:30:01 rhel76 systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus
SELinux status:                 enabled
SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
Loaded policy name:             targeted
Current mode:                   enforcing
Mode from config file:          enforcing
Policy MLS status:              enabled
Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
Max kernel policy version:      31

以上发现selinux是打开的
修改/etc/selinux/config文件中设置SELINUX=disabled ，然后重启服务器

8.CPU信息
[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
      2  Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9750H CPU @ 2.60GHz
     
[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo

📣 2.创建用户和组

#查看是否安装有Oracle软件
[root@rhel76 ~]# more /etc/oraInst.loc

#查看是否已存在相关用户组
[root@rhel76 ~]# grep oinstall /etc/group
[root@rhel76 ~]# grep dba /etc/group
[root@rhel76 ~]# grep oper /etc/group

[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba
[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper
[root@rhel76 ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

--修改密码为oracle
[root@rhel76 ~]# passwd oracle

📣 3.创建工作的目录

[root@rhel76 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@rhel76 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
[root@rhel76 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

📣 4.配置Oracle的环境变量

[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=mesdb
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ env | grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=mesdb
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1

📣 5.修改内核参数

## 以下在root用户下操作
[root@rhel76 ~]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak

cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << "EOF"
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
EOF

## 环境变量生效
[root@rhel76 ~]# sysctl --system

📣 6./etc/profile配置

## 以下root用户操作
[root@rhel76 ~]# cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak


cat >> /etc/profile << "EOF"
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
                ulimit -p 16384
                ulimit -n 65536
        else
                ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi
EOF


[root@rhel76 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session    required     pam_limits.so

📣 7.修改资源限制

## 以下root用户操作
[root@rhel76 ~]# cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak

cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << "EOF"
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
EOF

📣 8.yum安装依赖

1.挂载光驱到/mnt/cdrom目录（确保设备状态：已连接/启动时连接）

[root@rhel76 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom

[root@rhel76 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@rhel76 ~]# cd /mnt/cdrom && ls
addons  EULA              GPL     isolinux  media.repo  repodata                 RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI     extra_files.json  images  LiveOS    Packages    RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta  TRANS.TBL


2.修改yum配置
[root@rhel76 cdrom]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@rhel76 yum.repos.d]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 358 Jun 26  2021 redhat.repo

[root@rhel76 yum.repos.d]# vi dvd.repo
[RHEL]
name=RedHat
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
enabled=1


3.清空并重载yum
yum clean all
yum makecache

4.安装yum
yum install -y bc gcc gcc-c++ binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ dtrace-modules dtrace-modules-headers
yum install -y dtrace-modules-provider-headers dtrace-utils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-devel
yum install -y ksh libaio libaio-devel libdtrace-ctf-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel libgcc librdmacm-devel
yum install -y libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb make smartmontools sysstat

yum install -y kmod*
yum install -y ksh*
yum install -y libaio*
yum install -y compat*

📣 9.解压软件授权

## oracle用户下操作
[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1


[root@rhel76 ~]# mv LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
[root@rhel76 ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
[root@rhel76 dbhome_1]# ll
total 2987996
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3059705302 Jul 26  2020 LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip

[root@rhel76 dbhome_1]# cd ..
[root@rhel76 19.3.0]# chown -R oracle:oinstall dbhome_1/
[root@rhel76 19.3.0]# chmod -R +x dbhome_1/


[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@rhel76 dbhome_1]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip


##java环境确认
[oracle@rhel76 response]$ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_181"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

📣 10.静默安装Oracle数据库

1.编辑rsp文件
[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/install/response
[oracle@rhel76 response]$ cp db_install.rsp /tmp

vi /tmp/db_install.rsp

修改db_install.rsp文件中以下内容

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=DATA_WAREHOUSE

2.静默安装Oracle软件
[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /tmp/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

📣 11.监听创建

静默配置监听
[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

📣 13.dbca建库

1.编辑dbca.rsp安装文件

[root@rhel76 ~]# find / -name dbca.rsp
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp


[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca
[oracle@rhel76 dbca]$ ll
total 28
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 25502 Apr  5  2019 dbca.rsp
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall   242 Apr 17  2019 doc
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall    41 Apr 17  2019 jlib
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall   171 Apr 17  2019 templates


[oracle@rhel76 dbca]$ cp dbca.rsp /tmp
[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ vi /tmp/dbca.rsp

responseFileVersion=/home/oracle/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0
gdbName=mesdb
sid=mesdb
databaseConfigType=SI
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
sysPassword=oracle
oracleHomeUserPassword=oracle
totalMemory=1500
sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle
datafileDestination=/u01/app/oracle/oradata
characterSet=ZHS16GBK
nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16
databaseType=OLTP

2.静默安装数据库
[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /tmp/dbca.rsp

📣 14.登陆验证

[oracle@rhel76 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 22 00:45:21 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> show parameter name

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cdb_cluster_name                     string
cell_offloadgroup_name               string
db_file_name_convert                 string
db_name                              string      mesdb
db_unique_name                       string      mesdb
global_names                         boolean     FALSE
instance_name                        string      mesdb
lock_name_space                      string
log_file_name_convert                string
pdb_file_name_convert                string
processor_group_name                 string

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      mesdb