【python爬虫】酷狗音乐爬取练习

注意：本次爬取的音乐仅有1分钟试听，仅作学习爬虫的原理，完整音乐需要自行下载客户端。

一、初步分析

登陆酷狗音乐后随机选取一首歌，在请求里发现一段mp3文件，复制网址，确实是我们需要的url。

复制音频的名字，搜索找到发起请求的网址，发现是在songinfo里

查看参数和请求头，刷新一次，查看是否有哪些参数是变化的。可以发现图中两次请求的这些参数都不同，接下来就寻找这些参数的生成方式，参数clienttime为时间戳，那么就只需要找到signature的生成方式就可以了：

二、分析参数signature

1. 分析过程

搜索参数signature，并在可能生成的位置打上断点，然后刷新网页

网页断在了此处，可以看见参数signature跟函数d与数组s有关。

补充：如果s的长度不为13，需要放行一下，点击这个按钮

查看函数d的定义

发现函数内部没有wordsToBytes函数和函数i的相关定义，那么打下断点，查看具体函数的位置

获得wordsToBytes函数的具体定义

获得i函数的具体定义

i函数里没有r.stringToBytes(t)的相关定义，继续打下断点

找到r.stringToBytes(t)的相关定义

接着查看s的内容：在console里查看s的内容，发现s的值跟之前请求的参数类似。而且下标为0和下标为12的值跟u的值相同

往上查找u的定义，发现u的值是固定的

2. 代码实现

那么就开始实现生成signature的代码（以下为JavaScript代码）

function bytesToWords(t) {
    for (var n = [], r = 0, e = 0; r < t.length; r++,
        e += 8)
        n[e >>> 5] |= t[r] << 24 - e % 32;
    return n
}

function rotl(t, n) {
    return t << n | t >>> 32 - n
}

function endian(t) {
    if (t.constructor == Number)
        return 16711935 & rotl(t, 8) | 4278255360 & rotl(t, 24);
    for (var n = 0; n < t.length; n++)
        t[n] = endian(t[n]);
    return t
}

function i(t, c) {
    var l = {
        utf8: {
            stringToBytes: function (t) {
                return l.bin.stringToBytes(unescape(encodeURIComponent(t)))
            },
            bytesToString: function (t) {
                return decodeURIComponent(escape(l.bin.bytesToString(t)))
            }
        },
        bin: {
            stringToBytes: function (t) {
                for (var n = [], r = 0; r < t.length; r++)
                    n.push(255 & t.charCodeAt(r));
                return n
            },
            bytesToString: function (t) {
                for (var n = [], r = 0; r < t.length; r++)
                    n.push(String.fromCharCode(t[r]));
                return n.join("")
            }
        }
    };
    i._ff = function (t, n, r, e, o, i, c) {
        var s = t + (n & r | ~n & e) + (o >>> 0) + c;
        return (s << i | s >>> 32 - i) + n
    },
        i._gg = function (t, n, r, e, o, i, c) {
            var s = t + (n & e | r & ~e) + (o >>> 0) + c;
            return (s << i | s >>> 32 - i) + n
        },
        i._hh = function (t, n, r, e, o, i, c) {
            var s = t + (n ^ r ^ e) + (o >>> 0) + c;
            return (s << i | s >>> 32 - i) + n
        },
        i._ii = function (t, n, r, e, o, i, c) {
            var s = t + (r ^ (n | ~e)) + (o >>> 0) + c;
            return (s << i | s >>> 32 - i) + n
        };
    t.constructor == String ? t = c && "binary" === c.encoding ? o.stringToBytes(t) : l.utf8.stringToBytes(t) : e(t) ? t = Array.prototype.slice.call(t, 0) : Array.isArray(t) || (t = t.toString());
    for (var s = bytesToWords(t), a = 8 * t.length, l = 1732584193, u = -271733879, f = -1732584194, d = 271733878, g = 0; g < s.length; g++)
        s[g] = 16711935 & (s[g] << 8 | s[g] >>> 24) | 4278255360 & (s[g] << 24 | s[g] >>> 8);
    s[a >>> 5] |= 128 << a % 32,
        s[14 + (a + 64 >>> 9 << 4)] = a;
    for (var b = i._ff, p = i._gg, h = i._hh, m = i._ii, g = 0; g < s.length; g += 16) {
        var y = l
            , j = u
            , S = f
            , v = d;
        u = m(u = m(u = m(u = m(u = h(u = h(u = h(u = h(u = p(u = p(u = p(u = p(u = b(u = b(u = b(u = b(u, f = b(f, d = b(d, l = b(l, u, f, d, s[g + 0], 7, -680876936), u, f, s[g + 1], 12, -389564586), l, u, s[g + 2], 17, 606105819), d, l, s[g + 3], 22, -1044525330), f = b(f, d = b(d, l = b(l, u, f, d, s[g + 4], 7, -176418897), u, f, s[g + 5], 12, 1200080426), l, u, s[g + 6], 17, -1473231341), d, l, s[g + 7], 22, -45705983), f = b(f, d = b(d, l = b(l, u, f, d, s[g + 8], 7, 1770035416), u, f, s[g + 9], 12, -1958414417), l, u, s[g + 10], 17, -42063), d, l, s[g + 11], 22, -1990404162), f = b(f, d = b(d, l = b(l, u, f, d, s[g + 12], 7, 1804603682), u, f, s[g + 13], 12, -40341101), l, u, s[g + 14], 17, -1502002290), d, l, s[g + 15], 22, 1236535329), f = p(f, d = p(d, l = p(l, u, f, d, s[g + 1], 5, -165796510), u, f, s[g + 6], 9, -1069501632), l, u, s[g + 11], 14, 643717713), d, l, s[g + 0], 20, -373897302), f = p(f, d = p(d, l = p(l, u, f, d, s[g + 5], 5, -701558691), u, f, s[g + 10], 9, 38016083), l, u, s[g + 15], 14, -660478335), d, l, s[g + 4], 20, -405537848), f = p(f, d = p(d, l = p(l, u, f, d, s[g + 9], 5, 568446438), u, f, s[g + 14], 9, -1019803690), l, u, s[g + 3], 14, -187363961), d, l, s[g + 8], 20, 1163531501), f = p(f, d = p(d, l = p(l, u, f, d, s[g + 13], 5, -1444681467), u, f, s[g + 2], 9, -51403784), l, u, s[g + 7], 14, 1735328473), d, l, s[g + 12], 20, -1926607734), f = h(f, d = h(d, l = h(l, u, f, d, s[g + 5], 4, -378558), u, f, s[g + 8], 11, -2022574463), l, u, s[g + 11], 16, 1839030562), d, l, s[g + 14], 23, -35309556), f = h(f, d = h(d, l = h(l, u, f, d, s[g + 1], 4, -1530992060), u, f, s[g + 4], 11, 1272893353), l, u, s[g + 7], 16, -155497632), d, l, s[g + 10], 23, -1094730640), f = h(f, d = h(d, l = h(l, u, f, d, s[g + 13], 4, 681279174), u, f, s[g + 0], 11, -358537222), l, u, s[g + 3], 16, -722521979), d, l, s[g + 6], 23, 76029189), f = h(f, d = h(d, l = h(l, u, f, d, s[g + 9], 4, -640364487), u, f, s[g + 12], 11, -421815835), l, u, s[g + 15], 16, 530742520), d, l, s[g + 2], 23, -995338651), f = m(f, d = m(d, l = m(l, u, f, d, s[g + 0], 6, -198630844), u, f, s[g + 7], 10, 1126891415), l, u, s[g + 14], 15, -1416354905), d, l, s[g + 5], 21, -57434055), f = m(f, d = m(d, l = m(l, u, f, d, s[g + 12], 6, 1700485571), u, f, s[g + 3], 10, -1894986606), l, u, s[g + 10], 15, -1051523), d, l, s[g + 1], 21, -2054922799), f = m(f, d = m(d, l = m(l, u, f, d, s[g + 8], 6, 1873313359), u, f, s[g + 15], 10, -30611744), l, u, s[g + 6], 15, -1560198380), d, l, s[g + 13], 21, 1309151649), f = m(f, d = m(d, l = m(l, u, f, d, s[g + 4], 6, -145523070), u, f, s[g + 11], 10, -1120210379), l, u, s[g + 2], 15, 718787259), d, l, s[g + 9], 21, -343485551),
            l = l + y >>> 0,
            u = u + j >>> 0,
            f = f + S >>> 0,
            d = d + v >>> 0
    }
    return endian([l, u, f, d])
}

function wordsToBytes(t) {
    for (var n = [], r = 0; r < 32 * t.length; r += 8)
        n.push(t[r >>> 5] >>> 24 - r % 32 & 255);
    return n
}

function bytesToHex(t) {
    for (var n = [], r = 0; r < t.length; r++)
        n.push((t[r] >>> 4).toString(16)),
            n.push((15 & t[r]).toString(16));
    return n.join("")
}

function d(t, r) {
    if (void 0 === t || null === t)
        throw new Error("Illegal argument " + t);
    var e = wordsToBytes(i(t, r));
    return r && r.asBytes ? e : r && r.asString ? o.bytesToString(e) : bytesToHex(e)
}

function getsianature() {
    var s = [
        "NVPh5oo715z5DIWAeQlhMDsWXXQV4hwt",
        "appid=1014",
        "clienttime=1741411989613",
        "clientver=20000",
        "dfid=3Mm61k0WDxvm033Epz2worRG",
        "encode_album_audio_id=j410q60",
        "mid=70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450",
        "platid=4",
        "srcappid=2919",
        "token=cbfe2e174e4b97fd6aca35682cdba3d2b431c4ed95e2dbd1779e37a7975b672c",
        "userid=2307902397",
        "uuid=70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450",
        "NVPh5oo715z5DIWAeQlhMDsWXXQV4hwt"
    ];
    return d(s.join(""))
}

console.log(getsianature());

经过一系列调试，可以发现生成的结果与浏览器生成的值一样，那么生成signature的代码就没问题了。

将一些会变的值改为变量，可以看到参数s的值里只有clienttime的值是会变的，因此修改上述代码中getsianature函数，将参数s的值放在python代码中，getsianature函数改完如下图所示：

function getsianature(s) {
    return d(s.join(""))
}

三、获取多首歌

1. 分析过程

点击不同的歌，可以发现每首歌的参数encode_album_audio_id都不同，因此需要获取encode_album_audio_id

搜索歌名，找到歌曲的id

接着查看请求参数，同样有一个signature参数，刷新多次网页发现signature参数会变化，那么重复之前分析signature的步骤

打下断点，查看中断的位置，参数s有所变化

打印s，查看s的内容，除此之外没有变化，那么就沿用先前的代码

2. 代码实现

完整代码如下，注意这里调用了JavaScript代码，需要安装PyExecJS模块：pip install PyExecJS -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple。

本代码中JavaScript文件名为kugou.js，JavaScript代码在参数signature的分析中有写到，以下为python代码：

import json
import re
import time
import requests
import execjs


class kugou_music:
    def __init__(self):
        self.headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/133.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
            'Referer': 'https://www.kugou.com/',
        }

    def get_signature(self, s):
        with open("kugou.js", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            js = f.read()
        ctx = execjs.compile(js)
        signature = ctx.call("getsianature", s)
        return signature

    def get_one_song_url(self, audio_id):
        timestamp = str(int(time.time() * 1000))
        s = [
            "NVPh5oo715z5DIWAeQlhMDsWXXQV4hwt",
            "appid=1014",
            f"clienttime={timestamp}",
            "clientver=20000",
            "dfid=3Mm61k0WDxvm033Epz2worRG",
            f"encode_album_audio_id={audio_id}",
            "mid=70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450",
            "platid=4",
            "srcappid=2919",
            "token=cbfe2e174e4b97fd6aca35682cdba3d2b431c4ed95e2dbd1779e37a7975b672c",
            "userid=2307902397",
            "uuid=70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450",
            "NVPh5oo715z5DIWAeQlhMDsWXXQV4hwt"
        ]
        signature = self.get_signature(s)
        params = {
            'srcappid': '2919',
            'clientver': '20000',
            'clienttime': timestamp,
            'mid': '70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450',
            'uuid': '70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450',
            'dfid': '3Mm61k0WDxvm033Epz2worRG',
            'appid': '1014',
            'platid': '4',
            'encode_album_audio_id': audio_id,
            'token': 'cbfe2e174e4b97fd6aca35682cdba3d2b431c4ed95e2dbd1779e37a7975b672c',
            'userid': '2307902397',
            'signature': signature
        }
        one_song_url = 'https://wwwapi.kugou.com/play/songinfo'
        response = requests.get(one_song_url, headers=self.headers, params=params)

        song_url = response.json()['data']['play_url']
        return song_url

    def get_signal_music(self, audio_id, audio_name):
        song_url = self.get_one_song_url(audio_id)
        response = requests.get(song_url, headers=self.headers)
        with open(f'{audio_name}.mp3', 'wb') as f:
            f.write(response.content)
            print(f'{audio_name}.mp3下载完成')

    def get_song_id(self,keyword):
        timestamp = str(int(time.time() * 1000))
        s = [
            "NVPh5oo715z5DIWAeQlhMDsWXXQV4hwt",
            "appid=1014",
            "bitrate=0",
            "callback=callback123",
            f"clienttime={timestamp}",
            "clientver=1000",
            "dfid=3Mm61k0WDxvm033Epz2worRG",
            "filter=10",
            "inputtype=0",
            "iscorrection=1",
            "isfuzzy=0",
            f"keyword={keyword}",
            "mid=70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450",
            "page=1",
            "pagesize=30",
            "platform=WebFilter",
            "privilege_filter=0",
            "srcappid=2919",
            "token=cbfe2e174e4b97fd6aca35682cdba3d2b431c4ed95e2dbd1779e37a7975b672c",
            "userid=2307902397",
            "uuid=70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450",
            "NVPh5oo715z5DIWAeQlhMDsWXXQV4hwt"
        ]
        signature = self.get_signature(s)
        params = {
            'callback': 'callback123',
            'srcappid': '2919',
            'clientver': '1000',
            'clienttime': timestamp,
            'mid': '70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450',
            'uuid': '70789bebe63fb74c52e4a911853f5450',
            'dfid': '3Mm61k0WDxvm033Epz2worRG',
            'keyword': keyword,
            'page': '1',
            'pagesize': '30',
            'bitrate': '0',
            'isfuzzy': '0',
            'inputtype': '0',
            'platform': 'WebFilter',
            'userid': '2307902397',
            'iscorrection': '1',
            'privilege_filter': '0',
            'filter': '10',
            'token': 'cbfe2e174e4b97fd6aca35682cdba3d2b431c4ed95e2dbd1779e37a7975b672c',
            'appid': '1014',
            'signature': signature
        }
        song_id_url = 'https://complexsearchretry.kugou.com/v2/search/song'
        response = requests.get(song_id_url, headers=self.headers, params=params, verify=False)
        temp = re.findall(r'callback123(.*)', response.text)[0][1:-1]
        temp = json.loads(temp)
        song = temp['data']['lists']
        return song

    def get_all_song(self,keyword):
        song = self.get_song_id(keyword)
        for i in song:
            song_id = i.get('EMixSongID')
            song_name = i.get('FileName')
            # print(song_name, song_id)
            try:
                self.get_signal_music(song_id, song_name)
            except Exception as e:
                print(f'{song_name}下载失败:', e)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    kugou = kugou_music()
    # kugou.get_signal_music('j410q60')
    keyword='周杰伦'
    kugou.get_all_song(keyword)