conda 是一个开源的跨平台软件包管理系统和环境管理系统，用于安装、运行和协调不同版本的软件包和其依赖项。它最初是为 Python 语言而设计的，但现在已经支持多种编程语言和工具。conda 可以轻松地创建和使用虚拟环境，这些环境可以独立于系统上的其他环境和安装的软件包运行。conda 还有一个广泛的软件包仓库，其中包含许多科学计算、数据分析和机器学习软件包，可供用户直接安装和使用。
conda 支持 Python、R、Java、JavaScript、C 等多种开发语言的包、依赖和环境管理工具，能运行在 Windows、MacOS、Linux 多个平台，可以在本地轻松创建、保存、切换环境。当安装 anaconda 时，会自动安装 conda 工具。
conda 与 pipenv，venv 等虚拟环境管理工具的最大的不同在于：conda 虚拟环境是独立于操作系统解释器环境的，即无论操作系统解释器什么版本（哪怕 2.7），我也可以指定虚拟环境 python 版本为 3.6，而 venv 是依赖主环境的。
查看conda版本
$conda --version
conda 23.1.0
查看帮助信息
$conda --help
usage: conda-script.py [-h] [-V] command ...
conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages.
Options:
positional arguments:
command
clean Remove unused packages and caches.
compare Compare packages between conda environments.
config Modify configuration values in .condarc. This is modeled
after the git config command. Writes to the user
.condarc file (C:\Users\user\.condarc) by default. Use
the --show-sources flag to display all identified
configuration locations on your computer.
create Create a new conda environment from a list of specified
packages.
info Display information about current conda install.
init Initialize conda for shell interaction.
install Installs a list of packages into a specified conda
environment.
list List installed packages in a conda environment.
package Low-level conda package utility. (EXPERIMENTAL)
remove (uninstall)
Remove a list of packages from a specified conda
environment.
rename Renames an existing environment.
run Run an executable in a conda environment.
search Search for packages and display associated
information.The input is a MatchSpec, a query language
for conda packages. See examples below.
update (upgrade) Updates conda packages to the latest compatible version.
notices Retrieves latest channel notifications.
options:
-h, --help Show this help message and exit.
-V, --version Show the conda version number and exit.
查看安装包列表
$ conda list
# packages in environment at D:\anaconda3:
#
# Name Version Build Channe
adbutils 2.8.0 pypi_0 pypi
aiohttp 3.8.5 pypi_0 pypi
aiosignal 1.3.1 pypi_0 pypi
aiosqlite 0.20.0 pypi_0 pypi
alabaster 0.7.16 pypi_0 pypi
albucore 0.0.13 pypi_0 pypi
albumentations 1.4.10 pypi_0 pypi
altair 5.2.0 pypi_0 pypi
......
配置下载源
以清华源为例
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
还有很多其他的镜像：
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
查看配置结果：
$ conda config --show-sources
==> C:\Users\user\.condarc <==
ssl_verify: True
channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
- defaults
配置显示下载源
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
创建环境
conda create --name myenv python=3.8 requests
这里创建一个虚拟环境，名称是myenv，python版本是3.8，依赖库是requests。
激活环境
$ conda activate myenv
激活之后，命令行前面会显示(myenv)。
关闭环境
$ conda deactivate
查看所有的环境
(myenv) λ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
D:\Anaconda3
base D:\anaconda3
myenv * D:\anaconda3\envs\myenv
安装依赖包
(myenv) $conda install beautifulsoup4
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
current version: 23.1.0
latest version: 24.11.3
Please update conda by running
$ conda update -n base -c defaults conda
Or to minimize the number of packages updated during conda update use
conda install conda=24.11.3
## Package Plan ##
environment location: D:\anaconda3\envs\myenv
added / updated specs:
- beautifulsoup4
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
beautifulsoup4-4.12.3 | py38haa95532_0 214 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
soupsieve-2.5 | py38haa95532_0 70 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 284 KB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
beautifulsoup4 anaconda/pkgs/main/win-64::beautifulsoup4-4.12.3-py38haa95532_0
soupsieve anaconda/pkgs/main/win-64::soupsieve-2.5-py38haa95532_0
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
移除依赖包
conda remove beautifulsoup4
导出环境配置
conda env export > myenv.yml
删除环境
conda deactivate # 删除之前要先关闭当前环境
conda remove --name myenv --all
导入环境配置
conda env create -f myenv.yml
相关链接
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_53287520/article/details/134704377
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