一、useState
接受一个初始值作为参数，并返回一个包含两个元素的数组。
import { useState } from "react";
const Counter = () => {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
return (
<div>
<p>Count: {count}</p>
<button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Increment</button>
</div>
);
};`setCount` 也可以接受函数。这个函数接收前一个状态作为参数。可以基于前一个状态来计算。
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
const increment = () => {
setCount((prevCount) => prevCount + 1);
};二、useReducer
接受一个`reducer`函数和一个初始状态作为参数。返回一个包含当前状态和`dispatch`函数的数组。
import { useReducer } from "react";
const counterReducer = (state, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case "INCREMENT":
return state + 1;
case "DECREMENT":
return state - 1;
default:
return state;
}
};
const Counter = () => {
const [count, dispatch] = useReducer(counterReducer, 0);
return (
<div>
<p>Count: {count}</p>
<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "INCREMENT" })}>Increment</button>
<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "DECREMENT" })}>Decrement</button>
</div>
);
};假设一个组件用于管理一个表单的状态，包括输入框的值和表单是否提交的状态：
const formReducer = (state, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case "UPDATE_INPUT":
return { ...state, inputValue: action.payload };
case "SUBMIT_FORM":
return { ...state, isSubmitted: true };
default:
return state;
}
};
const FormComponent = () => {
const [formState, dispatch] = useReducer(formReducer, {
inputValue: "",
isSubmitted: false,
});
const handleInputChange = (e) => {
dispatch({ type: "UPDATE_INPUT", payload: e.target.value });
};
const handleSubmit = () => {
dispatch({ type: "SUBMIT_FORM" });
};
return (
<form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
<input
type="text"
value={formState.inputValue}
onChange={handleInputChange}
/>
{formState.isSubmitted && <p>Form submitted!</p>}
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
);
};
