三周精通FastAPI：37 包含 WSGI - Flask，Django，Pyramid 以及其它

news2024/12/30 12:15:59

官方文档：https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/advanced/wsgi/

包含 WSGI - Flask，Django，其它¶

您可以挂载多个 WSGI 应用，正如您在 Sub Applications - Mounts, Behind a Proxy 中所看到的那样。

为此, 您可以使用 WSGIMiddleware 来包装你的 WSGI 应用，如：Flask，Django，等等。

使用 `WSGIMiddleware`¶

您需要导入 WSGIMiddleware。

然后使用该中间件包装 WSGI 应用（例如 Flask）。

之后将其挂载到某一个路径下。

from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.middleware.wsgi import WSGIMiddleware from flask import Flask, request from markupsafe import escape flask_app = Flask(__name__) @flask_app.route("/") def flask_main(): name = request.args.get("name", "World") return f"Hello, {escape(name)} from Flask!" app = FastAPI() @app.get("/v2") def read_main(): return {"message": "Hello World"} app.mount("/v1", WSGIMiddleware(flask_app))

检查¶

现在，所有定义在 /v1/ 路径下的请求将会被 Flask 应用处理。

其余的请求则会被 FastAPI 处理。

如果您使用 Uvicorn 运行应用实例并且访问 http://localhost:8000/v1/，您将会看到由 Flask 返回的响应：

Hello, World from Flask!

并且如果您访问 http://localhost:8000/v2，您将会看到由 FastAPI 返回的响应：

{ "message": "Hello World" }

实践

使用中间件来挂载pyramid web应用

示例1

源代码

源文件存盘为fastapipyramid.py文件

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.middleware.wsgi import WSGIMiddleware
from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response


def pyramid_app(environ, start_response):
    config = Configurator()
    def hello_world(request):
        return Response('Hello from Pyramid!')
    config.add_route('hello', '/')
    config.add_view(hello_world, route_name='hello')
    app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    return app(environ, start_response)


app = FastAPI()
app.mount("/pyramid", WSGIMiddleware(pyramid_app))


@app.get("/")
async def read_main():
    return {"message": "Hello from FastAPI"}


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import uvicorn
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

启动服务

uvicorn fastapipyramid:app --reload

测试

curl 127.0.0.1:8000
{"message":"Hello from FastAPI"}

curl 127.0.0.1:8000/pyramid/
Hello from Pyramid!

示例2

源代码

存为文件pyramid_fastapi.py

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.middleware.wsgi import WSGIMiddleware
from pyramid_app import create_app  # 导入 Pyramid 应用

# 创建 FastAPI 应用
app = FastAPI()

# 创建 Pyramid WSGI 应用
pyramid_app = create_app()

# 使用 WSGIMiddleware 将 Pyramid 应用包装到 FastAPI 中
app.mount("/pyramid", WSGIMiddleware(pyramid_app))

# 你也可以在 FastAPI 中定义其他路由
@app.get("/fastapi")
def read_root():
    return {"message": "Hello from FastAPI!"}

启动服务：

uvicorn pyramid_fastapi:app --reload

测试

curl 127.0.0.1:8000/fastapi
{"message":"Hello from FastAPI!"}

curl 127.0.0.1:8000/pyramid/
Hello from Pyramid!

调试

启动pyramid报错

from backports import tarfile

ImportError: cannot import name 'tarfile' from 'backports' (/Users/skywalk/py311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/backports/__init__.py)

python pyramid_app.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/skywalk/work/fastapi/pyramid_app.py", line 3, in <module>
    from pyramid.config import Configurator
  File "/Users/skywalk/py311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyramid/config/__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from pyramid.asset import resolve_asset_spec
  File "/Users/skywalk/py311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyramid/asset.py", line 2, in <module>
    import pkg_resources
  File "/Users/skywalk/py311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 96, in <module>
    from jaraco.text import (
  File "/Users/skywalk/py311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/_vendor/jaraco/text/__init__.py", line 12, in <module>
    from jaraco.context import ExceptionTrap
  File "/Users/skywalk/py311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/_vendor/jaraco/context.py", line 17, in <module>
    from backports import tarfile
ImportError: cannot import name 'tarfile' from 'backports' (/Users/skywalk/py311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/backports/__init__.py)

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