论文概览 |《Sustainable Cities and Society》2024.11 Vol.115（下）

本次给大家整理的是《Sustainable Cities and Society》杂志2024年11月第115期的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括76篇SCI论文！由于论文过多，我们将通过两篇文章进行介绍，本篇文章介绍第31--第76篇论文!

论文31

The effect of urban form parameters on annual and diurnal cycles of land surface temperature with 30-meter hourly resolution

城市形态参数对年际和昼夜地表温度循环的影响，分辨率为 30 米的每小时数据

【摘要】

Understanding dynamic changes in urban land surface temperature (U-LST) is vital for improving urban thermal environment. Previous studies noted a close association between two/three-dimensional (2D/3D) urban form parameters (UFPs) and U-LST, but divergent conclusions emerged due to study scale and data spatiotemporal resolution. This study investigated the effect of 2D/3D UFPs on multi-temporal (hourly, diurnal, and annual) U-LSTs with 30-m spatial resolution, which is the first exploration of such dynamics at this fine scale. In addition, the influence of local climate zones (LCZs) was considered. Results showed that 2D/3D vegetation UFPs have the greatest summer cooling effect at 21:00, while 3D building UFP sky view factor (SVF) impacts minimum nighttime temperature more (5:00). The independently total explained variances (R2) of 2D UFPs (0.2–0.7) on seasonal average U-LSTs were higher than that of 3D UFPs (0.1–0.4) in most LCZs. LCZ 3 and LCZ 2 had the highest seasonal and daytime U-LST, respectively. Interestingly, SVF replaced normalized difference vegetation index as the dominant factor in LCZs 4–6 and LCZs A-C after summer. Findings of this study are useful for guiding urban planning, formulating urban heat island mitigation policies, and promoting sustainable development goals (SDGs 11, 13, 15) of cities and communities.

【摘要翻译】

理解城市地表温度（U-LST）的动态变化对于改善城市热环境至关重要。之前的研究指出，二维/三维（2D/3D）城市形态参数（UFPs）与U-LST之间存在密切关联，但由于研究规模和数据时空分辨率的差异，得出了不同的结论。本研究探讨了30米空间分辨率下2D/3D UFPs对多时段（小时、日间和年度）U-LST的影响，这是首次在如此细的尺度上探索这些动态。此外，还考虑了局部气候区（LCZs）的影响。结果显示，2D/3D植被UFPs在夏季21:00时具有最大的降温效果，而3D建筑UFP的天空视野因子（SVF）对最低夜间温度的影响更大（在5:00时）。在大多数LCZs中，2D UFPs对季节平均U-LST的独立总解释方差（R²）为0.2–0.7，高于3D UFPs的0.1–0.4。LCZ 3和LCZ 2分别具有最高的季节性和日间U-LST。有趣的是，在夏季过后，SVF取代归一化差异植被指数，成为LCZs 4-6和LCZs A-C中的主导因素。本研究的发现对于指导城市规划、制定城市热岛减缓政策以及推动城市和社区的可持续发展目标（SDGs 11、13、15）具有重要意义。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105806

【作者信息】

Wen He, 南京水利科学研究院地球科学与工程学院，211100，中国

Shisong Cao, 北京建筑大学测绘与城市空间信息学院，100044，中国

Mingyi Du, 北京建筑大学测绘与城市空间信息学院，100044，中国

Xiangjin Meng, 南京水利科学研究院地球科学与工程学院，211100，中国

Zi Yang, 南京水利科学研究院地球科学与工程学院，211100，中国

Yingbao Yang，南京水利科学研究院地理与遥感学院，211100，中国

论文32

Urban digital twin-based solution using geospatial information for solid waste management

基于地理空间信息的城市数字孪生解决方案，用于固体废物管理

【摘要】

With over 2 billion metric tons generated annually, global solid waste production has severe environmental consequences. Although it is not a primary Sustainable Development Goal, effective solid waste management (SWM) is vital for meeting targets 11.6, 12.4, and 12.5. South Africa, in particular, deals with significant SW generation and inadequate collection services. Therefore, this paper presents an Urban Digital Twin (UDT) prototype to tackle these issues, involving stakeholder prioritization, integrating real-time monitoring, citizen participation, waste generation simulations, optimized collection routes, and a control Dashboard where stakeholders’ system requirements were included. The UDT proposes optimized collection routes to reduce fuel use, operational costs, and emissions. The stakeholders’ opinions on the usefulness of the UDT varied due to their backgrounds and skills. Most of them appreciated the Dashboard visualization and the UDT possibilities for resource optimization. The performance of the UDT depends on computer capacity and local or online processing. This UDT prototype sets the foundation for digital twinning in SWM, scalable to different areas, vehicles, and production levels. The proposed approach, citizen involvement, and multi-stakeholder engagement enhance the SWM, benefiting resource-limited countries.

【摘要翻译】

全球每年产生超过20亿公吨固体废物，造成严重的环境后果。尽管固体废物管理（SWM）并不是主要的可持续发展目标，但有效的固体废物管理对于实现目标11.6、12.4和12.5至关重要。南非尤其面临着巨大的固体废物产生和服务不足的问题。因此，本文提出了一种城市数字孪生（UDT）原型来解决这些问题，涉及利益相关者优先排序、实时监测集成、公民参与、废物产生模拟、优化的收集路线和一个控制仪表板，其中包含了利益相关者的系统需求。UDT提出了优化的收集路线，以减少燃料使用、运营成本和排放。由于背景和技能的不同，利益相关者对UDT的实用性看法各异。大多数人欣赏仪表板的可视化效果以及UDT在资源优化方面的潜力。UDT的性能依赖于计算机能力和本地或在线处理。这一UDT原型为固体废物管理中的数字孪生奠定了基础，能够扩展到不同的区域、车辆和生产水平。所提出的方法、公民参与和多利益相关者的互动增强了固体废物管理，有利于资源有限的国家。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105798

【作者信息】

Iván Cárdenas-León, 荷兰恩斯赫德，7522 NH，奥弗赖ssel，哈伦韦格8号，特温特大学地理信息科学与地球观察学院（ITC）

Mila Koeva, 荷兰恩斯赫德，7522 NH，奥弗赖ssel，哈伦韦格8号，特温特大学地理信息科学与地球观察学院（ITC）

Pirouz Nourian, 荷兰恩斯赫德，7522 NH，奥弗赖ssel，哈伦韦格8号，特温特大学地理信息科学与地球观察学院（ITC）

Calayde Davey，南非哈特菲尔德，0028，私邮袋x 20，普雷托里亚大学建筑系，工程、建筑环境与信息技术学院

论文33

Could residential air-source heat pumps exacerbate outdoor summer overheating and winter overcooling in UK 2050s climate scenarios?

住宅空气源热泵是否会加剧英国 2050 年气候情景下的夏季户外过热和冬季过冷？

【摘要】

The UK government promotes heat pumps to replace gas boilers in the residential sector as a vital part of its strategy to achieve Net Zero by 2050. As climate change intensifies, heat pumps, traditionally used for heating, will also play a role in cooling to address indoor heat risks that threaten public health and increase energy demands. However, air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) might unintentionally exacerbate summer overheating and winter overcooling in residential neighbourhoods. This study uses a multi-scale modelling approach, combining SUEWS and EnergyPlus, to assess the impact of ASHPs on outdoor temperature in two idealised UK low-rise residential neighbourhoods under 2050s climate scenarios. Results show that in summer, ASHPs increase median anthropogenic heat emission by up to 19.3 W m-2 and raise local median 2 m air temperature by up to 0.12 °C in an idealised London neighbourhood. In winter, replacing gas boilers with ASHPs for heating reduces anthropogenic heat emissions by up to 11.1 W m-2 and lowers local air temperatures by up to 0.16 °C in London. The research shows that conventional waste heat calculations from air-conditioning can overestimate anthropogenic heat emissions by up to 86 %, and cooling entire building rather than just occupied rooms can increase energy consumption by 68 %. Although temperature changes will vary across UK cities, the response of air temperature to anthropogenic heat change is generally consistent. The study enhances understanding of role of ASHPs in the UK's net zero target for 2050, highlighting the importance of balancing outdoor and indoor thermal comfort when considering the wide use of ASHPs.

【摘要翻译】

英国政府推动热泵替代住宅部门的燃气锅炉，这是其实现2050年净零排放战略的重要组成部分。随着气候变化的加剧，热泵传统上用于供暖，但在应对室内热风险、保护公共健康及增加能源需求方面，也将发挥冷却的作用。然而，空气源热泵（ASHPs）可能在无意中加剧住宅社区的夏季过热和冬季过冷。本研究采用多尺度建模方法，结合SUEWS和EnergyPlus，评估ASHPs在2050年代气候情景下对两个理想化英国低层住宅社区的户外温度的影响。结果显示，在夏季，ASHPs将人造热排放的中位数提高至最高19.3 W m-2，并将理想化伦敦社区的局部中位数2米空气温度提高至最高0.12 °C。在冬季，用ASHPs替代燃气锅炉供暖，可将人造热排放减少至最高11.1 W m-2，并将伦敦的局部空气温度降低至最高0.16 °C。研究表明，传统的空调废热计算可能会高估人造热排放，误差可高达86%；而对整栋建筑进行冷却而非仅对占用房间进行冷却，会使能源消耗增加68%。尽管温度变化在英国不同城市之间会有所不同，但空气温度对人造热变化的响应总体是一致的。该研究增进了对ASHPs在英国2050年净零排放目标中作用的理解，强调在广泛使用ASHPs时，平衡户外和室内热舒适度的重要性。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105811

【作者信息】

Xiaoxiong Xie，普利茅斯大学艺术、设计与建筑学院，英国；卡迪夫大学威尔士建筑学院，英国

Zhiwen Luo, 卡迪夫大学威尔士建筑学院，英国，LuoZ18@Cardiff.ac.uk

Sue Grimmond, 雷丁大学气象学系，英国

Yiqing Liu, 雷丁大学建筑环境学院，英国

Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo, 卡迪夫大学工程学院，英国

Matthew T. Bailey, 普利茅斯大学地理、地球与环境科学学院，英国

Xinfang Wang，伯明翰大学化学工程学院，英国

论文34

Extrapolating low-occurrence strong wind speeds at pedestrian levels using artificial neural networks trained by a single turbulent dataset

使用由单一湍流数据集训练的人工神经网络推断行人水平的低发生率强风速

【摘要】

Predicting low-occurrence strong wind speeds in urban areas is crucial for enhancing the comfort and ensuring the safety of residents. Artificial neural network (ANN) models outperform traditional statistical methods in accurately estimating low-occurrence wind distributions. However, generalizing trained models to be applicable to various datasets remains a significant challenge. Therefore, three ANN models with different input variables, trained by a single turbulent dataset of a building array case, were applied to four types of datasets to evaluate the models’ generalization ability for predicting low-occurrence strong wind speeds in urban areas. It found that the ANN model, which uses the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of the turbulent flow, shows the best generalization ability among the three ANN models for all types of datasets. In addition, for the four datasets, the results calculated by this model show that the majority of points have an error of less than 20% compared to the true values. It is advisable to construct models using more extensive training data that encompasses a broad range of mean and skewness of wind speeds. This study contributes to the development of more effective and adaptable ANN models for urban wind safety in building engineering.

【摘要翻译】

在城市地区，预测低发生率的强风速对于提高居民的舒适度和安全性至关重要。人工神经网络（ANN）模型在准确估计低发生率风速分布方面优于传统统计方法。然而，将训练好的模型推广到适用于各种数据集仍然是一个重大挑战。因此，本文采用了三种具有不同输入变量的ANN模型，这些模型基于一个建筑阵列案例的单一湍流数据集进行训练，并应用于四种类型的数据集，以评估模型在预测城市地区低发生率强风速方面的泛化能力。研究发现，使用湍流流动的均值、标准差和偏度的ANN模型在所有类型的数据集中显示出最佳的泛化能力。此外，对于这四个数据集，通过该模型计算的结果表明，大多数点的误差小于20%，与真实值相比。建议构建使用更广泛训练数据的模型，这些数据涵盖了风速的广泛均值和偏度。该研究为建筑工程领域城市风安全的更有效和适应性强的ANN模型的发展做出了贡献。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105837

【作者信息】

Y. Li, 九州大学工程科学学院，日本；东京工业大学建筑与建筑工程系，日本

W. Wang, Y.九州大学工程科学学院，日本；东京工业大学建筑与建筑工程系，日本

T. Okaze, 东京工业大学建筑与建筑工程系，日本

N. Ikegaya，九州大学工程科学学院，日本

论文35

Unraveling the effect of electricity price on electric vehicle charging behavior: A case study in Shenzhen, China

揭示电价对电动车充电行为的影响：以中国深圳为例的案例研究

【摘要】

Estimating price elasticity of demand for electric vehicle charging contributes to the accurate determination of charging price, thereby improving electric vehicle adoption and energy sustainability. However, few studies have studied the impact of electricity price on electric vehicle charging behavior, especially the demand spillover effect caused by price fluctuations. To fill the gaps, on a citywide dataset of public charging piles in Shenzhen, China, first, correlation coefficients and hypothesis tests are used to determine the relationship between charging demand and price. A learning model incorporating two-layer graph attention, temporal pattern attention, and knowledge-embedded meta-learning is developed for accurate spatio-temporal regression. Impulse response analysis is conducted to unravel several noteworthy phenomena: (1) public charging demand is inelastic to electricity price, with an average elasticity of -0.76, and distinction between different functional areas and times is revealed; (2) negative price impulses marginally change the elasticity, while positive ones make electric vehicle charging users more price sensitive, and (3) the spillover effects caused by price increases and decreases bring 89.48% and 53.88% of its local demand changes to neighbors, respectively, with a scope of 3.45 kilometer. These findings provide policy implications for promoting electric vehicle charging to facilitate renewable energy transition.

【摘要翻译】

估算电动汽车充电的价格弹性对于确定充电价格至关重要，这将有助于提高电动汽车的采用率并促进能源可持续性。然而，关于电价对电动汽车充电行为的影响，尤其是价格波动引发的需求溢出效应的研究相对较少。本研究旨在填补这一空白，使用中国深圳市公共充电桩的城市级数据集。首先，采用相关系数和假设检验来确定充电需求与电价之间的关系。接着，开发了一种学习模型，该模型结合了两层图注意力、时间模式注意力和知识嵌入的元学习，以实现准确的时空回归分析。冲击响应分析揭示了几个重要现象：（1）公共充电需求对电价的弹性一般为无弹性，平均弹性为-0.76，并且在不同功能区和时间段中存在差异；（2）负价格冲击稍微改变了弹性，而正价格冲击则使电动汽车充电用户对价格更敏感；（3）价格上涨和下跌带来的溢出效应分别将89.48%和53.88%的本地需求变化传递给邻近区域，影响范围约为3.45公里。这些发现为促进电动汽车充电基础设施的发展和推动可再生能源转型提供了政策启示。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105836

【作者信息】

Haoxuan Kuang, 中山大学智能系统工程学院，广东省深圳市光明区工厂路66号，邮政编码518107，中国；广东省智能交通系统重点实验室，中山大学智能系统工程学院，广州市510275，中国

Xinyu Zhang, 中山大学智能系统工程学院，广东省深圳市光明区工厂路66号，邮政编码518107，中国；广东省智能交通系统重点实验室，中山大学智能系统工程学院，广州市510275，中国

Haohao Qu, 香港理工大学计算机系，九龙红磡，中国

Linlin You, 中山大学智能系统工程学院，广东省深圳市光明区工厂路66号，邮政编码518107，中国；广东省智能交通系统重点实验室，中山大学智能系统工程学院，广州市510275，中国

Rui Zhu，新加坡科技研究局（A*STAR）高性能计算研究所，Fusionopolis Way 1，邮政编码138632，新加坡

Jun Li，中山大学智能系统工程学院，广东省深圳市光明区工厂路66号，邮政编码518107，中国；广东省智能交通系统重点实验室，中山大学智能系统工程学院，广州市510275，中国

论文36

Determination of outdoor thermal comfort thresholds for hot and semi-arid climates: A field study of residential neighbourhoods in Jaipur city

确定炎热和半干旱气候下的户外热舒适阈值：对印度斋浦尔市住宅区的实地研究

【摘要】

Outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) plays a vital role in enhancing the livability and well-being of urban residents, making it an essential area of research, particularly in the context of climate change. However, few studies have specifically focused on hot and semi-arid regions, especially within residential environments. This study seeks to address this gap by assessing OTC in various residential areas classified as Local Climate Zones (LCZs), ensuring a diverse range of survey locations to evaluate people's comfort and stress levels. Using the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) index, the study calibrated the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) scale for hot and semi-arid climates. In Jaipur, micrometeorological data was monitored alongside thermal perceptions, resulting in 2,428 valid responses gathered during both summer and winter seasons, between 09:00 and 21:00 h, when outdoor activity is common. The analysis revealed that microclimate parameters significantly influence thermal sensations in outdoor environments. Respondents showed high tolerance levels during summer, with variations in thermoneutrality, acceptability, preferences, and comfort across different built typologies. The threshold values identified in this study offer valuable insights for urban planners and designers, enabling them to enhance outdoor thermal comfort during the planning stages, ultimately creating more comfortable and livable urban spaces for residents.

【摘要翻译】

户外热舒适（OTC）在提升城市居民的宜居性和福祉方面发挥着至关重要的作用，因此它成为一个重要的研究领域，尤其是在气候变化的背景下。然而，专门针对炎热和半干旱地区的研究相对较少，尤其是在住宅环境中。本研究旨在填补这一空白，通过评估被归类为局部气候区（LCZ）的不同住宅区的OTC，确保选择多样化的调查地点以评估人们的舒适感和压力水平。本研究采用热感觉投票（TSV）指数，校准了热生理等效温度（PET）尺度，以适应炎热和半干旱气候。在斋浦尔，监测了微气象数据及热感知，共收集到在夏季和冬季09:00至21:00的有效响应2,428份，期间是户外活动的高峰时段。分析结果表明，微气候参数显著影响户外环境中的热感觉。受访者在夏季表现出较高的耐受水平，而不同建筑类型在热中性、可接受性、偏好和舒适度上存在差异。本研究确定的阈值为城市规划者和设计师提供了有价值的见解，使他们能够在规划阶段提升户外热舒适度，最终为居民创造更为舒适和宜居的城市空间。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105817

【作者信息】

Archana Singh, 印度，拉贾斯坦邦，斋浦尔，JLN Marg，马拉维亚国家技术研究院，能源与环境中心，邮政编码302017

Tarush Chandra, 印度，拉贾斯坦邦，斋浦尔，JLN Marg，马拉维亚国家技术研究院，建筑与规划系，邮政编码302017

Sanjay Mathur, 印度，拉贾斯坦邦，斋浦尔，JLN Marg，马拉维亚国家技术研究院，土木工程系，邮政编码302017

Jyotirmay Mathur，印度，拉贾斯坦邦，斋浦尔，JLN Marg，马拉维亚国家技术研究院，机械工程系，邮政编码302017

论文37

Exploring the impacts of urbanization on vegetation growth from the perspective of urban expansion patterns and maturity: A case study on 40 large cities in China

从城市扩展模式和成熟度的角度探讨城市化对植被生长的影响：对中国 40 个大城市的案例研究

【摘要】

Rapid urbanization replaces vegetation with build-up land, which threatens green spaces and the well-being of residents. In this study, the urban expansion patterns (UEPs) of build-up land from 2000 to 2020 were identified for 40 typical large cities in China, and their urban maturity (UM) was quantified. The different UEPs and UM types were used to analyze the comprehensive impacts of different types of cities on vegetation growth at different urbanization expansion intensity gradients. Finally, the relationship between different driving forces and the urban ecological effects was explored. The results showed that mature cities and the infilling cities experienced vegetation loss while other UEPs and UM levels resulted in increased vegetation growth. In particular, laggard cities and looser UEPs were able to effectively offset the direct vegetation loss caused by urbanization. The UM level had a high driving effect on the urban ecological offset. In the future, the scale and speed of urbanization can be optimized to reasonable levels and the urban ecological restoration should be strengthened to meet the needs of ecological security. This study contributes to explore the effectiveness of the urbanization process and land management.

【摘要翻译】

快速城市化将植被替换为建筑用地，威胁到绿地和居民的福祉。在本研究中，识别了2000年至2020年中国40个典型大城市的建筑用地城市扩展模式（UEPs），并量化了它们的城市成熟度（UM）。通过不同的UEPs和UM类型，分析了不同类型城市在不同城市化扩展强度梯度下对植被生长的综合影响。最后，探讨了不同驱动力与城市生态效应之间的关系。结果表明，成熟城市和填充型城市经历了植被损失，而其他UEPs和UM水平则导致了植被生长的增加。特别是，滞后城市和较松散的UEPs能够有效抵消城市化造成的直接植被损失。UM水平对城市生态补偿具有很高的驱动作用。未来，可以将城市化的规模和速度优化到合理水平，并加强城市生态修复，以满足生态安全的需求。本研究有助于探讨城市化过程和土地管理的有效性。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105841

【作者信息】

Li Peng, 四川师范大学地理与资源学院，中国成都 610101；西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室，四川师范大学，中国成都 610101

Kexin Huang, 四川师范大学地理与资源学院，中国成都 610101；西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室，四川师范大学，中国成都 610101

Huijuan Zhang, 四川师范大学地理与资源学院，中国成都 610101；西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室，四川师范大学，中国成都 610101

Wei Sun，四川省土地整理与恢复中心，中国成都 610045

论文38

Source term estimation in the unsteady flow with dynamic mode decomposition

动态模式分解下的非稳态流源项估计

【摘要】

When estimating source parameters in the unsteady flow, the flow information of pollution dispersion is indispensable. It is common practice to save the flow information in the computer in advance but it requires large storage space. Besides, when contaminants are released after a time period of the flow field saved before, calculating the flow field by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model demands massive computational cost. Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is thereby proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. Firstly, the fields are decomposed by DMD. Then, the simulated concentrations are acquired by the adjoint equation based on the field synthesized by DMD. Finally, the measured concentrations and the simulated concentrations are taken into Bayesian inference to accomplish source term estimation (STE). The results show that the estimated results with high accuracy are obtained both in the reconstruction stage and in the prediction stage when using the fields obtained by DMD. Also, the efficiency of predicting the future flow by DMD is much higher than that by CFD simulation, suggesting that DMD can improve the efficiency of STE in some cases. As DMD uses a small number of dominant modes to synthesize the approximate fields with minor errors, it reduces the storage demand of flow information in STE. The sampling range and sampling resolution should be properly selected to ensure the accuracy of STE.

【摘要翻译】

在非定常流动中估算源参数时，污染扩散的流动信息是不可或缺的。通常的做法是提前将流动信息保存在计算机中，但这需要大量的存储空间。此外，当污染物在之前保存的流场经过一段时间后释放时，通过计算流体动力学（CFD）模型计算流场会消耗巨大的计算成本。因此，提出了动态模态分解（DMD）来解决上述问题。首先，通过DMD对流场进行分解。然后，基于通过DMD合成的场，通过伴随方程获得模拟浓度。最后，将测得的浓度和模拟浓度进行贝叶斯推断，以完成源项估计（STE）。结果表明，在重构阶段和预测阶段，使用DMD获得的场所得到的估计结果具有很高的准确性。此外，DMD对未来流动的预测效率远高于CFD模拟，这表明DMD在某些情况下可以提高STE的效率。由于DMD使用少量主导模态合成近似场且误差较小，它降低了STE中流动信息的存储需求。应合理选择采样范围和采样分辨率，以确保STE的准确性。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105843

【作者信息】

Jianjie Zhu, 中国上海 200092，同济大学土木工程灾害减灾国家重点实验室

Xuanyi Zhou, 中国上海 200092，同济大学土木工程灾害减灾国家重点实验室

Hideki Kikumoto，日本东京 153-8505，东京大学产业科学研究所，目黑区驹场4-6-1

论文39

Dynamic simulation of street-level carbon emissions in megacities: A case study of Wuhan City, China (2015–2030)

特大城市街道级碳排放的动态模拟：以中国武汉市为例（2015-2030）

【摘要】

Dynamic simulation of carbon emissions (CE) in megacities is crucial for regional carbon reduction management, however, limited simulation accuracy hinders its application in carbon reduction policies. An integrated modeling framework was developed based on high-resolution multi-source data to analyze the street-level carbon emissions in Wuhan from 2015 to 2030. First, we conducted principal components analysis on the 5 driving factors of carbon emissions (including point of interests, electricity consumption, gross domestic product, population, and nighttime light) to delineate single carbon emission character region (CECR). Then, a machine learning method was used to simulating CE and explaining the contributions of different CECRs. Multi-scenarios CE accountings also were conducted with CECR simulations and an improved cellular automata model. Results shows that: (1) CE in Wuhan showed strong aggregation during the historical period. The five CECRs formed a near-concentric circle. The changes of CECR reflected the enhancement of human activity. (2) CE gradually shifted from the central urban areas to the surrounding regions during the scenario period, showing significant spatial spillover effects. Administrative districts with lower CE density exhibited greater scenario variation in total carbon emissions, indicating a higher potential for carbon reductions. (3) The total CE of Wuhan (148.11 Mt) in 2030 is projected to increase by 42.6 % compared to 2015 in the baseline scenario, representing 105 % of the low scenario and 91 % of the high scenario. The growth rate of total CE in Wuhan significantly slows down (<1 %) under all scenarios. The high-resolution dynamic simulation of CE will provide an important scientific basis for low-carbon city management in China.

【摘要翻译】

动态模拟特大城市的碳排放（CE）对于区域碳减排管理至关重要，然而，有限的模拟精度阻碍了其在碳减排政策中的应用。基于高分辨率多源数据，开发了一种集成建模框架，以分析武汉市2015年至2030年的街道级碳排放。首先，我们对五个碳排放驱动因素（包括兴趣点、电力消费、国内生产总值、人口和夜间光照）进行了主成分分析，以划分单一碳排放特征区域（CECR）。然后，采用机器学习方法模拟碳排放，并解释不同CECR的贡献。还进行了多场景的碳排放核算，结合CECR模拟和改进的细胞自动机模型。结果显示：（1）武汉市在历史时期的碳排放表现出强烈的聚集性，五个CECR形成了近同心圆。CECR的变化反映了人类活动的增强。（2）在情景期内，碳排放逐渐从中心城区转移到周边地区，显示出显著的空间溢出效应。碳排放密度较低的行政区在总碳排放量上表现出更大的情景变化，表明其减碳潜力更高。（3）在基线情景下，预计到2030年武汉的总碳排放（148.11万吨）较2015年增长42.6%，代表了低情景的105%和高情景的91%。在所有情景下，武汉的总碳排放增长率显著放缓（<1%）。高分辨率动态碳排放模拟将为中国低碳城市管理提供重要的科学依据。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105853

【作者信息】

Zhongwei Liu, 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院，中国武汉 430070

Jingwen Zhong, 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院，中国武汉 430070

Yulian Liu, 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院，中国武汉 430070

Youjia Liang, 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院，中国武汉 430070；自然资源部长江三角洲土地生态与土地利用观测研究站，中国南京210017

Zhouze Li，武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院，中国武汉 430070

论文40

Densely inhabited districts in consideration of 3D morphological urban areas

考虑 3D 形态的高密度居住区

【摘要】

The accurate identification of densely inhabited morphological urban areas remains challenging owing to the discrepancy between densely inhabited districts (DID), defined as a set of predetermined basic census units where residential population density meets a minimum criterion, and morphological urban areas, outlined as a collection of built clusters. To tackle this problem, we should delineate cost-efficient 3D morphological urban areas, considering the number of rooms for dwelling, commerce, and office purposes, while minimising the connection cost of buildings by roads per room to estimate residential population density. The objective of this study is to redefine DID as 3D morphological urban areas where residential population density, estimated from dwelling density, meets a minimum criterion. The results demonstrate that (1) cost-efficient morphological urban areas, considering the number of rooms, are more cost-efficient and more spatially compact than those that do not consider the number of rooms; and (2) conventional DID do not encompass redefined DID at the periphery as well as outside conventional DID. The findings help redefine DID as spatially compact and cost-efficient 3D morphological urban areas to realise sustainable development in terms of managing public infrastructure and protecting open spaces.

【摘要翻译】

准确识别高度密集的人口形态城市区域仍然面临挑战，这主要是因为密集人口区（DID）与形态城市区域之间的差异。DID被定义为一组预设的基本普查单元，其中居民人口密度满足最低标准，而形态城市区域则被概述为建筑集群的集合。为了解决这一问题，我们应该划定成本效益高的三维形态城市区域，考虑住宅、商业和办公用途的房间数量，同时最小化每个房间的建筑与道路的连接成本，以估算居民人口密度。本研究的目标是将DID重新定义为三维形态城市区域，其中基于居住密度估算的居民人口密度满足最低标准。结果表明：(1) 考虑房间数量的成本效益形态城市区域比不考虑房间数量的区域在成本效益和空间紧凑性上更优；(2) 传统的DID在边缘区域和传统DID之外并不涵盖重新定义的DID。这些发现有助于将DID重新定义为空间紧凑且成本效益高的三维形态城市区域，从而实现公共基础设施管理和开放空间保护方面的可持续发展。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105668

【作者信息】

Hiroyuki Usui，日本千叶工业大学，创新工程学院，土木与环境工程系

论文41

Simulating the impact of ventilation corridors for cooling air temperature in local climate zone scheme

模拟通风走廊对地方气候区方案中气温降温的影响

【摘要】

Climate change and urbanization are impacting urban microclimates, necessitating careful consideration in urban ventilation planning. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the identification and examination of urban ventilation corridors (VCs), and their mechanisms for urban heat mitigation. This study combined ENVI-met and the least-cost path (LCP) algorithm to simulate the VCs within the local climate zone (LCZ) scheme, with Guangzhou as an example. The results show that (1) VCs constructed using the LCP method are primarily distributed along vegetation and rivers, bypassing high-temperature aggregation in high-density/high-rise building areas; (2) The cooling effect of VCs varies across different LCZs, influenced by factors such as land use, vegetation, building, and topography. (3) In low-density, low-rise LCZs, VCs significantly reduce temperatures by about 0.23 °C, while in high-density, high-rise LCZs, the cooling effect is weaker, with a reduction of only around 0.01 °C. This study highlights the importance of preserving hydrological system and optimizing green space layout to enhance urban ventilation thus mitigate heat accumulation.

【摘要翻译】

气候变化和城市化正在影响城市微气候，这使得在城市通风规划中必须仔细考虑这些因素。然而，在识别和研究城市通风走廊（VCs）及其城市热缓解机制方面仍存在不确定性。本研究结合了ENVI-met和最小成本路径（LCP）算法，以广州市为例模拟当地气候区（LCZ）方案中的通风走廊。结果表明：（1）使用LCP方法构建的通风走廊主要分布在植被和河流沿线，避开了高密度/高层建筑区的高温聚集区域；（2）通风走廊的降温效果因不同的LCZ而异，受到土地利用、植被、建筑和地形等因素的影响；（3）在低密度、低层LCZ中，通风走廊显著降低了约0.23°C的温度，而在高密度、高层LCZ中，降温效果较弱，仅降低约0.01°C。该研究强调了保护水文系统和优化绿地布局的重要性，以增强城市通风，从而减缓热量积累。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105848

【作者信息】

Yifan Luo, 广州市大学地理与遥感学院，广州 510006，中国；香港理工大学土地测量与地理信息系，香港特别行政区，中国

Zhuo Wu, 广州市大学地理与遥感学院，广州 510006，中国

Man Sing Wong, 香港理工大学土地测量与地理信息系，香港特别行政区，中国；香港理工大学可持续城市发展研究院，香港特别行政区，中国；香港理工大学土地与空间研究院，香港特别行政区，中国

Jinxin Yang, 广州市大学地理与遥感学院，广州 510006，中国

Zhenzhi Jiao，广州市大学地理与遥感学院，广州 510006，中国

论文42

Causal inference of urban heat island effect and its spatial heterogeneity: A case study of Wuhan, China

城市热岛效应及其空间异质性的因果推断：以中国武汉市为例

【摘要】

The accelerated urbanization process has exacerbated the urban heat island effect, leading to significant negative impacts on the physical and mental health of urban residents. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the urban heat island phenomenon is essentially beneficial for providing scientific supports towards improving the urban thermal environment. To address the challenge of effectively depicting the complex interactions among urban environment factors, this study employed the Peter-Clark causal discovery algorithm to analyze the causal structure of urban thermal driving factors, and validated the effectiveness of the 6 key factors directly influencing the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII). In response to the inadequacy of existing big data causal inference tools in assessing the spatial heterogeneity of causal effects, this study proposed a method for evaluating the causal effects on SUHII and their spatial heterogeneity based on local analysis and geospatial causal principle. The result for 4 different intervention scenarios in this study show that there is obvious spatial heterogeneity in the causal effects of different interventions on SUHII in Wuhan, and that increasing greenery and preserving natural environments is an effective way to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This approach, provides a new perspective for studying the phenomenon of UHI and insights of potential approaches for mitigating UHI.

【摘要翻译】

加速的城市化进程加剧了城市热岛效应，对城市居民的身心健康产生了显著的负面影响。深入理解城市热岛现象背后的机制对改善城市热环境提供科学支持至关重要。为有效描绘城市环境因素之间复杂的相互作用，本研究采用了Peter-Clark因果发现算法来分析城市热驱动因素的因果结构，并验证了六个直接影响地表城市热岛强度（SUHII）的关键因素的有效性。针对现有大数据因果推断工具在评估因果效应空间异质性方面的不足，本研究提出了一种基于局部分析和地理因果原则的SUHII因果效应评估方法。研究结果显示，在武汉的四种不同干预场景中，不同干预措施对SUHII的因果效应存在明显的空间异质性，而增加绿地和保护自然环境被证明是有效缓解城市热岛（UHI）效应的策略。

这种方法为研究UHI现象提供了新的视角，并为缓解UHI提供了潜在的应对策略的见解。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105850

【作者信息】

Yingqiang Zhong, 地球科学大学地理与信息工程学院，中国武汉，430078，湖北省，中华人民共和国

Shaochun Li, 地球科学大学地理与信息工程学院，中国武汉，430078，湖北省，中华人民共和国

Xun Liang, 地球科学大学地理与信息工程学院，中国武汉，430078，湖北省，中华人民共和国

Qingfeng Guan，地球科学大学地理与信息工程学院，中国武汉，430078，湖北省，中华人民共和国；国家工程研究中心地理信息系统，中国地球科学大学，武汉，430078，湖北省，中华人民共和国

论文43

A LoRaWAN-based environmental sensing network for urban green space monitoring with demonstrated application for stormwater management

基于 LoRaWAN的环境传感网络用于城市绿地监测，已证明在雨水管理中的应用

【摘要】

Monitoring urban green spaces (UGSs) is crucial for achieving sustainable urban development and ecological resilience. Leveraging LoRaWAN technology, a wireless environmental sensing system was developed and implemented to monitor soil moisture dynamics across seven diverse UGSs over a year. Analyses revealed notable variations in soil moisture influenced by vegetation types, soil conditions and physical settings. Seasonal trends indicated lower summer soil moisture in some UGSs resulting from increased evapotranspiration, while others maintained higher soil moisture due to more frequent irrigation. The soil moisture response to rainfall was quantitatively modeled, demonstrating the increase in soil moisture is highly positively dependent on rainfall amount and negatively dependent on initial moisture level. Both factors were significant (p<0.001) in most cases, and the models’adjusted R2 values were all above 0.65 except for one node. The findings also unveiled more dynamic ranges of UGS runoff coefficients than government guideline values, especially high runoff coefficients (0.4 to 1.0) for rainfall events above 50 mm. Therefore, although existing UGSs can help absorb smaller storms, proactive drainage systems are needed for UGSs to handle extreme events. The study highlights LoRaWAN's efficacy in urban environmental monitoring and provides valuable insights for managing and optimizing UGSs, especially in stormwater management.

【摘要翻译】

监测城市绿地（UGSs）对实现可持续城市发展和生态韧性至关重要。本研究利用LoRaWAN技术，开发并实施了一种无线环境传感系统，以监测七个不同UGSs的土壤水分动态，持续一年。分析显示，土壤水分因植物类型、土壤条件和物理环境而显著变化。季节趋势表明，由于蒸散作用增加，一些UGSs在夏季土壤水分较低，而另一些由于灌溉频繁，保持了较高的土壤水分。土壤水分对降雨的响应进行了定量建模，结果表明土壤水分的增加高度依赖于降雨量，而与初始水分水平呈负相关。在大多数情况下，这两个因素都显著（p<0.001），且模型的调整R²值均高于0.65，只有一个节点例外。研究结果还揭示，UGS的径流系数范围比政府指导值更为动态，特别是在降雨量超过50毫米的事件中，高径流系数（0.4到1.0）尤为显著。因此，尽管现有的UGSs能够吸收较小的暴雨，但UGSs在应对极端天气事件时仍需采取主动的排水系统。该研究强调了LoRaWAN在城市环境监测中的有效性，为UGSs的管理和优化提供了宝贵的见解，尤其是在暴雨管理方面。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105852

【作者信息】

Haokai Zhao, 土木工程与工程力学系，哥伦比亚大学，美国纽约，邮政编码10027；核科学与工程系，麻省理工学院，美国剑桥，邮政编码02139

Kevin A. Kam, 电气工程系，哥伦比亚大学，美国纽约，邮政编码10027

Ioannis Kymissis, 电气工程系，哥伦比亚大学，美国纽约，邮政编码10027

Brian J. Mailloux, 环境科学系，巴纳德学院，美国纽约，邮政编码10027

Patricia J. Culligan，工程学院，圣母大学，美国圣母，邮政编码46556

论文44

Estimating casualties from urban fires: A focus on building and urban environment information

估算城市火灾的伤亡人数：关注建筑和城市环境信息

【摘要】

This study developed two prediction models for urban fire occurrence and related casualties via a fire accident dataset from Seoul, South Korea, from 2017 to 2021. Our models exhibit improved predictive performance by incorporating built environment features, such as building characteristics and the urban context, alongside weather and demographic data. This approach showed improved predictive performance suitable for public health implementation. Compared with the weather- and demographic-only models, our models had an 18.1 % greater fire occurrence prediction accuracy and a 10.4 % greater casualty prediction accuracy. Major variables affecting fire occurrence include building characteristics, e.g., the floor area ratio (FAR), building age, and commercial building number. Important features affecting casualty occurrence include demographic aspects, e.g., income level and weather, and network-based features, e.g., road connectivity and fire station proximity. These findings suggest that fire prevention strategies and fire casualty prevention strategies may need to differ. Furthermore, we identify high-risk zones by conducting spatial analysis and fire risk and casualty prediction on all buildings by applying our models to Seoul's Gangnam District. These contributions can promote safe and healthy urban environments by improving fire risk prediction accuracy and providing important insights into urban planning for appropriate urban fire accident response and prevention.

【摘要翻译】

本研究基于2017年至2021年首尔（韩国）的火灾事故数据集，开发了两个城市火灾发生及相关伤亡的预测模型。我们的模型通过结合建筑环境特征（如建筑特性和城市背景）以及天气和人口数据，展现了更好的预测性能。这种方法提高了适用于公共卫生实施的预测效果。与仅使用天气和人口数据的模型相比，我们的模型在火灾发生预测准确率上提高了18.1%，在伤亡预测准确率上提高了10.4%。影响火灾发生的主要变量包括建筑特性，例如建筑面积比（FAR）、建筑年龄和商业建筑数量。影响伤亡发生的重要特征包括人口方面（如收入水平和天气）以及基于网络的特征（如道路连通性和消防站的接近度）。这些发现表明，火灾预防策略和伤亡预防策略可能需要有所不同。此外，我们通过空间分析对高风险区域进行识别，并将我们的模型应用于首尔的江南区，进行火灾风险和伤亡预测。这些贡献能够通过提高火灾风险预测的准确性，促进安全健康的城市环境，并为适当的城市火灾事故响应和预防提供重要的城市规划洞察。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105839

【作者信息】

Yujin Kim, 韩国科学技术院土木与环境工程系，291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 韩国

Youngjin Cho, 建筑与城市研究院，143 Gaeum-ro, Sejong, 韩国

Han Kyul Heo, 建筑与城市研究院，143 Gaeum-ro, Sejong, 韩国

Lisa Lim，韩国科学技术院土木与环境工程系，291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 韩国

论文45

Multi-objective optimal sizing and techno-economic analysis of on- and off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems for EV charging stations

针对电动汽车充电站的多目标最佳规模和技术经济分析，涉及并网与离网混合可再生能源系统

【摘要】

Integrating electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) with renewable energy systems requires the consideration of several factors during the planning stage, including environmental impact, economic viability, grid reliability, and self-sufficiency. Therefore, this study conducts a multi-objective optimal sizing of on- and off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems for EVCSs. The sizing problem is solved using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). Subsequently, the best suitable solutions from the obtained non-dominated solutions are selected using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, prioritizing the objective functions based on diverse interests of different stakeholders (large and small private investors and governmental entities). Finally, a techno-economic analysis is made considering payback period, profitability index (PI), and internal rate of return (IRR). The results show that on-grid systems show high economic viability with payback periods between 1.98 and 7.72 years, an average PI of 5.07 and an average IRR of 23.97%. Although off-grid systems present lower economic viability with payback periods between 8.77 and 22.42 years, an average PI of 1.68 and an average IRR of 4.91%, in certain cases they reach investable levels with payback periods below 10 years, PI above 2, and IRR above the interest rate.

【摘要翻译】

将电动汽车充电站（EVCS）与可再生能源系统相结合，需要在规划阶段考虑多个因素，包括环境影响、经济可行性、电网可靠性和自给自足。因此，本研究对电动汽车充电站的并网和离网混合可再生能源系统进行了多目标优化配置。使用非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）解决配置问题。随后，采用与理想解决方案相似度排序技术（TOPSIS）方法，从获得的非支配解决方案中选择最合适的解决方案，根据不同利益相关者（大型和小型私人投资者及政府实体）的多样化利益对目标函数进行优先排序。最后，进行了技术经济分析，考虑了回收期、盈利指数（PI）和内部收益率（IRR）。结果表明，联网系统具有较高的经济可行性，回收期在1.98至7.72年之间，平均PI为5.07，平均IRR为23.97%。尽管离网系统的经济可行性较低，回收期在8.77至22.42年之间，平均PI为1.68，平均IRR为4.91%，但在某些情况下，其回收期可低于10年，PI超过2，IRR超过利率，达到可投资水平。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105846

【作者信息】

Ömer Gönül, 伊斯坦布尔科技大学，能源研究所，阿亚扎卡校园，34469 马斯拉克，伊斯坦布尔，土耳其；土耳其—德国大学，能源科学与技术系，34820 贝尤克斯，伊斯坦布尔，土耳其

A. Can Duman, 伊斯坦布尔科技大学，能源研究所，阿亚扎卡校园，34469 马斯拉克，伊斯坦布尔，土耳其；土耳其—德国大学，能源科学与技术系，34820 贝尤克斯，伊斯坦布尔，土耳其

Önder Güler，伊斯坦布尔科技大学，能源研究所，阿亚扎卡校园，34469 马斯拉克，伊斯坦布尔，土耳其

论文46

Enhancing water management and urban flood resilience using Hazard Capacity Factor Design (HCFD) model: Case study of Eco-Delta city, Busan

使用危害能力因子设计（HCFD）模型增强水管理和城市洪水韧性：以釜山的生态三角洲城市为案例

【摘要】

This study evaluated future climate scenarios and the changes in urban flood resistance capacity in Busan Eco-Delta City using the hazard capacity factor design (HCFD) model. It analyzed the flood reduction effects of both gray and green infrastructure. Despite existing flood safety systems, there is a growing need to enhance urban flood resilience due to increasing heavy rainfall, unpredictable precipitation, and frequent typhoons driven by climate change. The HCFD model predicted urban flood volumes of Busan Eco-Delta City and analyzed the effectiveness of gray and green infrastructure in flood control. A stormwater management model (SWMM) simulated urban flood resistance capacity under the SSP1–2.6 climate change scenario. Results indicate that for an anticipated 500 mm rainfall over 3 h, green infrastructure can mitigate floods by 9 % to 17.6 %, while gray infrastructure can reduce flooding by 24 % to 32.1 %. The integration of gray and green infrastructure leads to an overall flood mitigation ranging from 47.1 % to 63.3 %. A notable contribution of this research is its predictive analysis of future flood scenarios using model-based scenario analysis and decision support algorithms, offering valuable insights into changes in urban flood resistance capacity and strategies for effective flood control decision-making.

【摘要翻译】

本研究评估了未来气候情景以及釜山生态河口城市的城市防洪能力变化，采用了灾害能力因子设计（HCFD）模型。研究分析了灰色基础设施和绿色基础设施在减洪效果上的表现。尽管已有防洪安全系统，但由于气候变化导致的降雨量增加、降水不确定性加大以及台风频繁，提升城市防洪韧性变得愈发重要。HCFD模型预测了釜山生态河口城市的城市洪水量，并分析了灰色和绿色基础设施在洪水控制中的有效性。在SSP1–2.6气候变化情景下，雨水管理模型（SWMM）模拟了城市防洪能力。结果表明，在预期的500毫米降雨（持续3小时）情况下，绿色基础设施可以减轻洪水9%至17.6%，而灰色基础设施的减洪效果为24%至32.1%。灰色与绿色基础设施的结合可实现总体洪水减轻47.1%至63.3%。本研究的重要贡献在于通过基于模型的情景分析和决策支持算法对未来洪水情景进行了预测分析，为了解城市防洪能力的变化以及制定有效的洪水控制决策策略提供了宝贵的见解。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105781

【作者信息】

Jaekyoung Kim, 环境景观建筑系，江陵-原州国立大学，江陵25457，韩国

Jongpyo Park, HECKOREA有限公司，首尔08501，韩国

Samuel Park, （前）首尔国立大学区域气候危机响应研究中心，首尔08826，韩国

Junsuk Kang，首尔国立大学景观建筑与乡村系统工程系，首尔08826，韩国；首尔国立大学景观建筑跨学科项目，首尔08826，韩国；首尔国立大学智慧城市全球融合跨学科项目，首尔08826，韩国；首尔国立大学农业与生命科学研究所，首尔08826，韩国；首尔国立大学区域气候危机响应研究中心，首尔08826，韩国

论文47

Effect of urban morphology on microclimate and building cluster energy consumption in cold regions of China

城市形态对中国寒冷地区微气候和建筑群能耗的影响

【摘要】

Building energy consumption (BEC) is influenced by the combination of urban morphology and microclimate. This study investigated the influence of urban neighborhood morphology on microclimate and building energy consumption through sixty representative street blocks in cold regions of China. The following conclusions were drawn from the multiple regression analysis, and random forest (RF) in this research: 1) The impact of urban morphology on microclimate and vice versa on energy use intensity (EUI) varies according to the season. 2) Annual temperature (TEMP.), solar radiation (SR), building site cover (BSC), average building height (BH), road area ratio (RAR), and block orientation (BO) were significantly positively correlated with EUI, and the floor area ratio (FAR) was negatively correlated. 3) The FAR is positively correlated with BEC and has a significant negative correlation with relative humidity (RH) which contribution rates are 82.3 % and 7.3 %, respectively. Based on the analysis, the research proposed feasible recommendations to optimize the layout of blocks. The results of this study can be used to predict the energy consumption of new and existing street blocks in cold-climate cities quickly and accurately. Additionally, it provides quantitative strategies for energy-saving and emission reduction in urban planning.

【摘要翻译】

这项研究探讨了城市街区形态对微气候和建筑能耗的影响，基于中国寒冷地区的六十个典型街区进行分析。主要结论包括：1) 城市形态对微气候的影响及其对能耗强度（EUI）的反作用因季节而异。2) 年平均温度（TEMP.）、太阳辐射（SR）、建筑用地覆盖率（BSC）、平均建筑高度（BH）、道路面积比（RAR）和街区朝向（BO）与EUI显著正相关，而容积率（FAR）则呈负相关。3) FAR与建筑能耗（BEC）正相关，但与相对湿度（RH）呈显著负相关，贡献率分别为82.3%和7.3%。基于这些分析，研究提出了优化街区布局的可行建议。该研究的结果可以快速、准确地预测寒冷气候城市中新建和现有街区的能耗，同时为城市规划中的节能减排提供定量策略。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105838

【作者信息】

Peng Cui, 东北林业大学景观建筑学院，中国哈尔滨 150040

Jiaqi Lu, 东北林业大学景观建筑学院，中国哈尔滨 150040

Yutong Wu, 内蒙古科技大学建筑与艺术设计学院，中国内蒙古 014010

Jingnan Tang, 东北林业大学景观建筑学院，中国哈尔滨 150040

Jinjian Jiang，东北林业大学景观建筑学院，中国哈尔滨 150040

论文48

A framework combining multi-scale model and unmanned aerial vehicle for investigating urban micro-meteorology, thermal comfort, and energy balance

结合多尺度模型和无人机探讨城市微气象、热舒适和能量平衡的框架

【摘要】

Sophisticated urban climate systems, influenced by the interaction of mesoscale circulation and microscale forcing, cannot be adequately described using solely mesoscale or microscale models. Moreover, high-quality urban morphological data are indispensable for quantifying the complex and highly fragmented wind/thermal environments with heterogeneous characteristics. This study develops an innovative multi-scale modeling framework combining the coupled mesoscale and microscale numerical models with unmanned aerial vehicle photography to accurately capture the microclimate dynamics of highly fragmented real urban climates under mesoscale weather conditions. Validated by measured data, this framework is adopted to simulate the dynamic meteorology during the heatwave in the Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province, China. Results reveal that the high-density built-up area(HDA) exhibits spatial patterns of higher temperatures, poorer ventilation, more arid, and more severe heat stress than near-river and low-density areas. Moreover, HDA tends to convert more radiation energy into ground heat storage(QS) and sensible heat flux(QH) during daytime, and QS is subsequently released into QH at night, thus deteriorating the nighttime thermal environment. Whereas, the river converts more radiation energy into QS, with a portion transformed into latent heat flux, which benefits summer cooling. This innovative framework provides promising tools for sustainable urban climate design in realistic cities.

【摘要翻译】

复杂的城市气候系统受中尺度环流与微尺度作用的相互影响，仅用中尺度或微尺度模型无法充分描述。此外，高质量的城市形态数据对于量化具有异质特征的复杂且高度碎片化的风/热环境至关重要。本研究开发了一种创新的多尺度建模框架，结合了耦合的中尺度和微尺度数值模型与无人机摄影，以准确捕捉在中尺度天气条件下高度碎片化的实际城市气候的微气候动态。经过实测数据验证，该框架被用于模拟中国河北省雄安新区热浪期间的动态气象。结果显示，高密度建成区（HDA）表现出更高温度、更差通风、更加干燥以及更严重的热应力空间模式，相比于河边和低密度区域。此外，HDA在白天倾向于将更多的辐射能转化为地面热储存（QS）和显热通量（QH），而QS在夜间随后释放为QH，从而恶化了夜间热环境。而河流则将更多的辐射能转化为QS，部分转化为潜热通量，从而有利于夏季降温。这一创新框架为现实城市的可持续城市气候设计提供了有前景的工具。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105847

【作者信息】

Jian Hang, 大气科学学院，中山大学，南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室，珠海 519082，中国；中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点实验室，雄安，中国；中国气象局城市气象重点实验室，北京 100089，中国

Yuepeng Xu, 大气科学学院，中山大学，南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室，珠海 519082，中国；中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点实验室，雄安，中国；中国气象局城市气象重点实验室，北京 100089，中国

Jiajia Hua, 中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点实验室，雄安，中国

Weiwen Wang，环境与气候学院，暨南大学，广州 511443，中国

Bo Zhao, 大气科学学院，中山大学，南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室，珠海 519082，中国；中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点实验室，雄安，中国

Liyue Zeng, 大气科学学院，中山大学，南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室，珠海 519082，中国；中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点实验室，雄安，中国；中国气象局城市气象重点实验室，北京 100089，中国

Yaxing Du，大气科学学院，中山大学，南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室，珠海 519082，中国；中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点实验室，雄安，中国；中国气象局城市气象重点实验室，北京 100089，中国

论文49

The impact of surveillance cameras and community safety activities on crime prevention: Evidence from Kakogawa City, Japan

监控摄像头和社区安全活动对犯罪预防的影响：来自日本加古川市的证据

【摘要】

While surveillance cameras are widely used for crime prevention in living environments, the interplay between such physical measures and community safety activities remains less understood. This study is grounded in Kakogawa city in Japan, which was once noted for a high crime rate and is now one of the most-surveilled cities in the nation. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess public attitudes towards local security, surveillance cameras and community safety activities among 116 citizens, with data analysed through both quantitative (ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation) and qualitative (Kawakita-Jiro method) approaches. The study reveals a high level of safety perception, with both physical and social measures contributing. The acceptance of cameras is notably high and scarcely affected by demographics or personal experiences, largely due to local government's efforts to build collective trust. While the current level of community participation is insufficient, citizens perceive safety activities as irreplaceable by surveillance cameras, indicating that both should be concurrently promoted to enhance crime prevention initiatives. This study provides insights into the non-substitutable relationship between physical and social prevention measures and offers policy recommendations, including emphasising public involvement in implementing security devices and promoting the publicity of localised safety activities.

【摘要翻译】

虽然监控摄像头在生活环境中的犯罪预防中被广泛使用，但这些物理措施与社区安全活动之间的相互作用仍不够清楚。本研究以日本的加古川市为基础，该市曾因高犯罪率而闻名，现在是全国监控最严格的城市之一。通过问卷调查评估116名市民对地方安全、监控摄像头和社区安全活动的态度，数据通过定量（ANOVA、t检验和Pearson相关）和定性（川北二郎法）方法进行分析。研究显示，公众的安全感较高，物理和社会措施均有贡献。居民对监控摄像头的接受度显著高，几乎不受人口统计学或个人经历的影响，这主要得益于地方政府建立的集体信任。尽管当前的社区参与程度不足，市民认为安全活动是监控摄像头无法替代的，这表明两者应同时促进，以增强犯罪预防工作。该研究提供了物理与社会预防措施之间不可替代关系的见解，并提出政策建议，包括强调公众在实施安全设备中的参与以及促进地方安全活动的宣传。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105858

【作者信息】

Sihan Yang, 东京大学工程研究生院，日本东京

Hiroki Nakajima, 东京大学工程研究生院，日本东京

Yerim Yang, 东京大学工程研究生院，日本东京

Yuta Shin, 东京大学工程研究生院，日本东京

Hideki Koizumi，东京大学工程研究生院，日本东京

论文50

Towards multi-variable tsunami damage modeling for coastal roads: Insights from the application of explainable machine learning to the 2011 Great East Japan Event

针对沿海道路的多变量海啸损害建模：利用可解释机器学习对 2011 年日本东北大地震的应用

【摘要】

The accurate assessment of tsunami-induced damage to coastal roads is crucial for effective disaster risk management. Traditional approaches, reliant on univariate fragility functions, often fail to capture the complex interplay of variables influencing road damage during tsunami events. This study addresses this limitation by employing machine learning techniques on an extensive dataset compiled after the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami. The dataset, enriched with additional explicative variables accounting for the hydraulic features of the event and the physical characteristics at roads’ location, enables a comprehensive analysis of road damage mechanisms. Results indicate that while inundation depth remains a significant predictor, factors such as wave approach angle, road orientation and potential overflow from inland watercourses also play critical roles.

【摘要翻译】

对海岸道路在海啸影响下造成的损害进行准确评估，对于有效的灾害风险管理至关重要。传统方法依赖单变量脆弱性函数，往往无法捕捉影响道路损坏的复杂变量间相互作用。本研究通过在2011年日本东部大地震后编制的大量数据集，采用机器学习技术来解决这一局限性。该数据集包含额外的解释变量，考虑了事件的水力特征以及道路位置的物理特性，使得对道路损害机制进行全面分析成为可能。结果表明，虽然淹没深度仍然是一个重要的预测因子，但波浪入射角、道路方向和内陆水道的潜在溢出等因素也起着关键作用。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105856

【作者信息】

Mario Di Bacco, 佛罗伦萨大学土木与环境工程系，意大利佛罗伦萨，50139

James H. Williams, 坎terbury大学地球与环境学院，新西兰基督城，8041

Daisuke Sugawara, 东北大学国际灾害科学研究所，IRIDeS，日本仙台，980-8572

Anna Rita Scorzini，拉奎拉大学土木、环境与建筑工程系，意大利拉奎拉，67100

论文51

WebMRT: An online tool to predict summertime mean radiant temperature using machine learning

WebMRT：一种使用机器学习预测夏季平均辐射温度的在线工具

【摘要】

Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt) is the most critical atmospheric variable influencing outdoor human thermal exposure and comfort in hot, dry environments. However, accurately quantifying Tmrt requires time-consuming field measurements with expensive equipment or complex, resource-intensive computations. We introduce WebMRT, an online tool to predict Tmrt using a data-driven approach. It features an intuitive interface using air temperature, shading status, and built environment features as predictors of Tmrt for a user-selected summer day, time, and location. Utilizing a tree-based ensemble model, WebMRT is trained on state-of-the-art human-biometeorological data collected by MaRTy using LightGBM after evaluating its performance against several candidate machine learning regressors. Feature engineering was applied to the day and time input, and two additional temporal features were derived: ‘Solar Altitude’ and ‘Minutes-from-Sunrise’. These inputs are integrated into the user interface, emphasizing simplicity and easy access for users at the frontend. After training the regressor on MaRTy datasets and employing k-fold cross-validation with ten folds, the model demonstrated strong predictive power (R2=0.92) with acceptable error (RMSE=3.43, MAPE=5.33) and bias (MBE=0.20). WebMRT also features optional fisheye photo uploads, processed using transfer learning techniques for image segmentation, further enhancing the tool's predictive accuracy, user experience, and applications towards climate action decision-making processes.

【摘要翻译】

平均辐射温度（Tmrt）是影响干燥热环境中户外人类热暴露和舒适度的最关键气象变量。然而，准确量化Tmrt需要耗时的现场测量和昂贵的设备，或复杂且资源密集的计算。我们推出了WebMRT，一个在线工具，用于使用数据驱动的方法预测Tmrt。它拥有直观的界面，用户可以根据选择的夏季日期、时间和地点输入气温、遮荫状态和建筑环境特征作为Tmrt的预测变量。WebMRT基于树状集成模型，使用MaRTy收集的先进人类生物气象数据进行训练，采用LightGBM，并评估其相对于多个候选机器学习回归器的性能。通过对日期和时间输入进行特征工程，衍生了两个额外的时间特征：“太阳高度”和“日出后的分钟数”。这些输入集成到用户界面中，强调了前端的简单性和易用性。在对MaRTy数据集进行训练并采用十折交叉验证后，该模型表现出强大的预测能力（R²=0.92），具有可接受的误差（RMSE=3.43，MAPE=5.33）和偏差（MBE=0.20）。WebMRT还支持可选的鱼眼照片上传，采用迁移学习技术进行图像分割，进一步增强了工具的预测准确性、用户体验及其在气候行动决策过程中的应用。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105861

【作者信息】

Saud R. AlKhaled, 科威特大学建筑学院，阿代利亚，科威特

Ariane Middel, 亚利桑那州立大学艺术、媒体与工程学院（AME），计算与增强智能学院（SCAI），美国

Pouya Shaeri, 亚利桑那州立大学计算与增强智能学院（SCAI），美国

Isaac Buo, 加州大学洛杉矶分校公共事务学院卢斯金创新中心，美国

Florian A. Schneider，第三条道路气候与能源项目（CEP），美国

论文52

Life cycle carbon emission assessment and carbon payback period analysis for the regeneration of old residential areas in cold regions: Case study in Qingdao, China

寒冷地区旧住宅区再生的生命周期碳排放评估及碳回收期分析：以中国青岛为例

【摘要】

Communities urgently need to explore green and low-carbon transformation pathways due to high energy consumption and carbon emissions. However, existing studies lack a comprehensive assessment of carbon emissions and analysis regarding carbon reduction during renovation of old residential areas in cold regions. Therefore, this study employs a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the payback period method to evaluate carbon emissions throughout the life cycle comprehensively. It constructs a carbon-emission calculation model based on LCA, specifically tailored to the retrofitting of old residential areas in cold cities. Additionally, it investigates the effectiveness of three typical retrofit measures undertaken in Qingdao, a region located in the cold A zone, focusing on whole-life-cycle energy savings and carbon reduction. The findings reveal that the average annual carbon emission intensity per unit area for Cases 1, 2, and 3 is 12.59 kg-CO2 e/(m2·a), 27.05 kg-CO2 e/(m2·a), and 23.39 kg-CO2 e/(m2·a), respectively. Their corresponding carbon payback periods were 6.06, 7.23, and 16.00 years, respectively, which could be further shortened through material recycling. The environmental impact assessment of typical retrofitting measures contributes to the promotion of sustainable development. Furthermore, this study offers guidance for establishing an effective assessment system that supports the design of energy-saving retrofits.

【摘要翻译】

社区迫切需要探索绿色低碳转型路径，以应对高能耗和碳排放。然而，现有研究在寒冷地区旧住宅区改造过程中缺乏对碳排放的全面评估和减排分析。因此，本研究采用生命周期评估（LCA）和回收期方法，全面评估整个生命周期的碳排放。研究构建了一个基于LCA的碳排放计算模型，特别针对寒冷城市旧住宅区的改造。此外，还研究了青岛地区三种典型改造措施的有效性，重点关注全生命周期的节能和减碳效果。结果表明，案例1、2和3的单位面积平均年碳排放强度分别为12.59 kg-CO₂ e/(m²·年)、27.05 kg-CO₂ e/(m²·年)和23.39 kg-CO₂ e/(m²·年)。它们的对应碳回收期分别为6.06年、7.23年和16.00年，通过材料回收可以进一步缩短这些回收期。对典型改造措施的环境影响评估有助于可持续发展的推进。此外，本研究还为建立支持节能改造设计的有效评估体系提供了指导。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105860

【作者信息】

Baodi Sun, 青岛科技大学，青岛 266033，中国；山东省城市信息建模工程研究中心，青岛 266520，中国

Chenghao Zhong, 青岛科技大学，青岛 266033，中国

Dehu Yu, 山东建筑大学，济南 250101，中国

Qing Han, 青岛科技大学，青岛 266033，中国；山东省城市信息建模工程研究中心，青岛 266520，中国

Jingchao Tang，青岛科技大学，青岛 266033，中国

论文53

Designing adaptive policy packages for inclusive smart cities: Lessons from Singapore's smart nation program

为包容性智慧城市设计适应性政策包：新加坡智慧国家计划的经验教训

【摘要】

In the last two decades, cities have embraced advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, information and communications technology-based systems, internet of things, and big data analytics as a key component of the urban environment. These ‘smart cities’ use technological and digital solutions to enhance quality of life, increase access to and utilisation of urban services, and improve resource management. However, adopting advanced technologies is fraught with uncertainty and unpredictability which presents several challenges in designing inclusive smart city policies. In this study, we identify and advance synergies needed for designing policies for inclusive smart cities. We analyse policy design components of Singapore's Smart Nation program – goals, instruments, and their interactions in policy packages. We demonstrate how policymakers pursue policy goals for inclusive development while balancing technological transformation. Results indicate the need for developing adaptive spaces for policy design in smart cities that respond and adjust to the uncertainties associated with adopting advanced technologies while retaining the desired policy objectives for inclusive development. These spaces are shown to have a large variation in policy instruments combined with synergistic and facilitative interactions between them. Our findings further the discussion on adaptive policy design and their role in smart city governance.

【摘要翻译】

在过去的二十年中，各城市采用了先进的技术，如人工智能、基于信息和通信技术的系统、物联网以及大数据分析，作为城市环境的重要组成部分。这些“智慧城市”利用技术和数字解决方案来提高生活质量、增加对城市服务的访问和利用，以及改善资源管理。然而，采用先进技术面临着不确定性和不可预测性，这在设计包容性智慧城市政策时带来了诸多挑战。在这项研究中，我们识别并推进设计包容性智慧城市政策所需的协同作用。我们分析了新加坡“智慧国家”计划的政策设计组成部分——目标、工具及其在政策组合中的相互作用。我们展示了政策制定者如何在追求包容性发展的政策目标的同时，平衡技术转型。结果表明，需要在智慧城市中开发适应性政策设计空间，以应对和调整与采用先进技术相关的不确定性，同时保持包容性发展的预期政策目标。这些空间展示了政策工具的大量变化，以及它们之间协同和促进性互动的结合。我们的发现进一步推动了关于适应性政策设计及其在智慧城市治理中的作用的讨论。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105868

【作者信息】

Kritika Sha, 李光耀公共政策学院，新加坡国立大学

Araz Taeihagh，李光耀公共政策学院，新加坡国立大学

论文54

Optimal representation of tree foliage for local urban climate modeling

本地城市气候建模的树叶最优表示

【摘要】

Trees impact the local urban climate, notably at street level by intercepting solar radiation and providing shading. Evapotranspiration in foliage may reduce the air temperature although it may increase relative humidity and leaf drag may reduce wind speed, affecting thermal comfort. To document and quantify this impact, microclimate modeling with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations requires explicit information of the urban configuration, including trees. However, trees are complex individuals with a variety of shapes and a variety of foliage distribution. This study aims to investigate the sensibility to the tree modeling of the urban climate simulations. Starting with terrestrial LiDAR data from trees of different species, ages, and forms, we propose a systematic evaluation of the optimal representation of arboreal configurations in terms of local urban comfort. One way to represent the foliage of trees accurately is to apply Delaunay triangulation on the LiDAR data, which yields a convex envelope model. The resulting foliage shape is very close to the actual tree, but includes a high number of facets leading to complex objects to model numerically. Comparing four species and three maturity level of trees with this method, the paper shows that the size of the zone shadowed by a tree is the parameter with the largest impact on thermal comfort, as the ability of trees to absorb solar radiation is the main asset to improve thermal comfort. The UTCI could be up to 2.1°C lower for a mature ACPL than for a sapling, mainly because the zone covered by the tree is larger. In addition, polyhedron shape rhombicuboctahedron (RBC) produces accurate shadowed zones. Mostly, in literature, tree canopies are modeled with cubic representations while we see that they overestimate the size of the shadowed zone. To have reliable compromise between accuracy and time for conception and computational time, this paper shows that the RBC is the best alternative to common tree models. Despite requiring a good knowledge of the canopy geometry, RBC provides a strong capacity for accurately modelling complex canopy shapes of most tree species and offers large benefits in reduced complexity. We show that the RBC shape, thanks to its simple but flexible geometry, is an efficient and accurate methodological approach to model trees and allows savings in computational time (up to 15% faster than the convex envelope) and costs; and we expect that this method will improve the modeling of further parametric studies on vegetation impact on thermal urban comfort.

【摘要翻译】

树木对当地城市气候的影响，尤其是在街道层面，通过拦截太阳辐射和提供阴影来体现。树叶的蒸散作用可能降低空气温度，尽管它可能增加相对湿度，而树叶的阻力可能降低风速，从而影响热舒适度。为了记录和量化这种影响，使用计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟的微气候建模需要对城市配置，包括树木，进行明确的信息描述。然而，树木是复杂的个体，具有多种形状和叶片分布。本研究旨在探讨树木建模对城市气候模拟的敏感性。

研究以不同种类、年龄和形态的树木的地面激光雷达（LiDAR）数据为基础，提出对树木配置在当地城市舒适度方面的最佳表现进行系统评估。一种准确表示树木叶片的方法是对LiDAR数据应用德劳内三角剖分，这将产生一个凸包模型。生成的叶片形状与实际树木非常接近，但包含大量的面，导致数值建模的复杂性。通过比较四种树种和三种成熟度的树木，本文表明，树木投影区域的大小是对热舒适度影响最大的参数，因为树木吸收太阳辐射的能力是提高热舒适度的主要因素。成熟的ACPL树木的UTC值可能比幼苗低达2.1°C，主要是因为树木覆盖的区域更大。此外，多面体形状的菱立方八面体（RBC）能够产生准确的阴影区域。大多数文献中，树冠使用立方体模型，而我们的研究表明，这些模型高估了阴影区域的大小。为了在准确性和计算时间之间找到可靠的折中，本文表明RBC是常见树木模型的最佳替代方案。尽管需要对树冠几何形状有良好的了解，RBC在准确建模大多数树种的复杂树冠形状方面表现出强大的能力，并在减少复杂性方面提供了巨大收益。我们展示了RBC形状凭借其简单而灵活的几何形状，是一种高效且准确的树木建模方法，能够节省计算时间（比凸包模型快15%）和成本；我们期待这种方法能改善对植被对城市热舒适度影响的进一步参数研究的建模。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105857

【作者信息】

Adrien Rodriguez, 加拿大舍布鲁克大学土木与建筑工程系

Bastien Lecigne, 蒙特利尔Jakarto

Sylvia Wood, 蒙特利尔Habitat

Jan Carmeliet, 瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院建筑物理学 Chair

Aytaç Kubilay，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院建筑物理学 Chair

Dominique Derome，加拿大舍布鲁克大学土木与建筑工程系

论文55

Enhancing urban thermal comfort during heat waves: Exploring hierarchical optimization strategies through integration of network and patch morphology

在热浪期间增强城市热舒适：通过网络与斑块形态集成探索分层优化策略

【摘要】

Global warming increases the frequency of heat waves, worsening thermal comfort (TC) in cities. However, studies identifying key optimized areas and optimization mechanism of TC at an urban scale are lacking. This study combined network and patch morphology to construct a research framework to hierarchically optimize TC during heat waves. First, thermal discomfort (TD) and TC sources were identified based on morphological spatial pattern analysis and local climate zones. Then, a hierarchical TC-optimized network was constructed based on circuit theory. Finally, the morphological characteristics of TD and TC sources were quantified using landscape indices, and the mechanism by which the morphology affects TC were revealed using an optimal parameters-based geographical detector model. 20 TD sources, 20 TC sources, 40 TD corridors, and 38 TC corridors are identified. Different levels of sources and corridors have distinct spatial distribution characteristics. TD barrier points are found in the southeastern part of the study area, and TC barrier points are found in the western and central-southern parts of the study area. Different levels of TD and TC sources have different dominant landscape indices. Simultaneous considering the differentiated interactions of landscape indices at different levels of TD and TC sources can optimally enhance TC.

【摘要翻译】

全球变暖增加了热浪的频率，使城市的热舒适度（TC）恶化。然而，目前缺乏识别城市尺度上关键优化区域及其优化机制的研究。本研究结合网络和斑块形态，构建了一个分层优化热舒适度的研究框架。首先，通过形态空间模式分析和局部气候区识别热不适（TD）和热舒适度来源。然后，基于电路理论构建了分层热舒适度优化网络。最后，使用景观指数量化热不适和热舒适度来源的形态特征，并通过基于最佳参数的地理探测器模型揭示形态对热舒适度的影响机制。研究中识别了20个热不适来源、20个热舒适度来源、40个热不适走廊和38个热舒适度走廊。不同级别的来源和走廊具有不同的空间分布特征。热不适障碍点位于研究区的东南部，而热舒适度障碍点则位于西部和中南部。不同级别的热不适和热舒适度来源具有不同的主导景观指数。同步考虑不同级别的热不适和热舒适度来源的景观指数差异互动可以最佳地增强热舒适度。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105869

【作者信息】

Yifeng Ji, 城市与数据科学实验室，广岛大学先进科学与工程研究生院，日本东广岛739-8529

Zhitao Li, 湖南省智能交通重点实验室，中南大学交通与运输工程学院，中国长沙410075

Yating Chang, 城市与乡村规划系，中南大学建筑与艺术学院，中国长沙410083

Tao Feng，城市与数据科学实验室，广岛大学先进科学与工程研究生院，日本东广岛739-8529

论文56

Influence of urban functional zone change on land surface temperature using multi-source geospatial data: A case study in Nanjing City, China

城市功能区变化对地表温度的影响，利用多源地理空间数据：以中国南京市为例

【摘要】

The urban heat island effect is a prevalent urban concern, and studies on its influencing factors are essential to mitigate its negative effects and promote sustainable urban development. Although many studies have revealed the impact of land cover change on land surface temperature (LST) during urbanization, most have focused only on built-up areas without considering the relationship between urban internal functional structure and LST. To clarify the influence of changes in urban functional zones (UFZs) on LST, focusing on the downtown area of Nanjing City, China, this study proposed an effective framework using multi-source geospatial data for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Specifically, very high spatial resolution images and point of interest data were jointly used to generate UFZ maps using an advanced deep learning approach, and LST distribution maps were retrieved from Landsat 8 images using the radiative transfer equation. The UFZ and LST maps were then overlaid and analyzed to reveal the impact of UFZ change on LST. The results showed that in 2013, 2018, and 2022, the residential region constituted the largest proportion of area, comprising 23.52%, 24.52%, and 27.28%, respectively. The areas of unused region and transport region experienced the most rapid decrease and increase of 6.08% and 4.05% from 2013 to 2022, respectively. Furthermore, the area of sub-high temperature zone decreased the most, by 3.47%, whereas that of the high-temperature zone increased the most, by 6.05%. In the study area, water and green space maintained relatively low LSTs, whereas residential region and unused region exhibited higher LSTs. From 2013 to 2022, UFZ changes contributed to a 0.71°C increase in LST. Transfers from green space, water, commercial region, transport region, and industrial region mostly resulted in a higher LST, which was associated with a decrease in fractional vegetation cover (FVC). Transfers from unused region, residential region, and public service region mostly contributed to reducing LST, which was caused by the increase in FVC. The findings and the proposed framework can provide reliable references for urban managers to optimize urban spatial layout and promote sustainable urban development.

【摘要翻译】

城市热岛效应是一个普遍的城市问题，研究其影响因素对减轻其负面影响和促进可持续城市发展至关重要。尽管许多研究揭示了城市化过程中土地覆盖变化对地表温度（LST）的影响，但大多数研究仅关注建筑区域，而未考虑城市内部功能结构与LST之间的关系。为了明确城市功能区（UFZ）变化对LST的影响，本研究聚焦中国南京市中心区，提出了一个有效的框架，利用多源地理空间数据进行定性和定量分析。具体而言，使用高分辨率影像和兴趣点数据，通过先进的深度学习方法生成UFZ地图，并利用辐射传输方程从Landsat 8影像中提取LST分布图。随后，将UFZ和LST地图叠加分析，以揭示UFZ变化对LST的影响。结果显示，在2013年、2018年和2022年，居住区占据了最大面积比例，分别为23.52%、24.52%和27.28%。未利用地区和交通区的面积在2013年至2022年间经历了最快的减少和增加，分别为6.08%和4.05%。此外，亚高温区面积减少最多，减少了3.47%；而高温区面积增加最多，增加了6.05%。在研究区域内，水体和绿地保持相对较低的LST，而居住区和未利用区则表现出较高的LST。从2013年到2022年，UFZ变化导致LST增加了0.71°C。绿地、水体、商业区、交通区和工业区的转变主要导致LST升高，与植被覆盖度（FVC）减少相关。而未利用区、居住区和公共服务区的转变则主要贡献于降低LST，这是由于FVC的增加所致。本研究的发现和提出的框架为城市管理者优化城市空间布局和促进可持续城市发展提供了可靠的参考。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105874

【作者信息】

Hong Fang, 江苏省地理信息科学与技术重点实验室、自然资源部陆地卫星遥感应用重点实验室、江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，南京 210023，中国；南京 Forestry University土木工程学院，南京 210037，中国

Shanchuan Guo, 江苏省地理信息科学与技术重点实验室、自然资源部陆地卫星遥感应用重点实验室、江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，南京 210023，中国

Chenghan Yang, 江苏省地理信息科学与技术重点实验室、自然资源部陆地卫星遥感应用重点实验室、江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，南京 210023，中国

Bo Yuan, 江苏省地理信息科学与技术重点实验室、自然资源部陆地卫星遥感应用重点实验室、江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，南京 210023，中国

Chunqiang Li, 江苏省地理信息科学与技术重点实验室、自然资源部陆地卫星遥感应用重点实验室、江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，南京 210023，中国

Xiaoquan Pan, 江苏省地理信息科学与技术重点实验室、自然资源部陆地卫星遥感应用重点实验室、江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，南京 210023，中国

Pengfei Tang, 江苏省地理信息科学与技术重点实验室、自然资源部陆地卫星遥感应用重点实验室、江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，南京 210023，中国

Peijun Du，江苏省地理信息科学与技术重点实验室、自然资源部陆地卫星遥感应用重点实验室、江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，南京 210023，中国

论文57

Smart hotspot detection using geospatial artificial intelligence: A machine learning approach to reduce flood risk

使用地理空间人工智能进行智能热点检测：一种减少洪水风险的机器学习方法

【摘要】

This study employs Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) and the Random Forest Machine Learning (ML) algorithm to enhance flood hazard assessments in Portugal. It utilizes NASA's LP DAAC (2023) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and slope data from EPIC WEBGIS PORTUGAL DATA, offering detailed topographical insights for environmental planning. Additionally, it incorporates data on proximity to water bodies from the Portuguese Environment Agency and the European Environment Agency, and soil characteristics from EPIC WEBGIS PORTUGAL DATA, facilitating a thorough examination of flood risks. This approach prioritizes long-term land features over short-term weather patterns, providing a comprehensive understanding of flood vulnerability. The study processes data at a 1 km x 1 km resolution, adapting TIFF maps for compatibility with the Random Forest model. The produced flood hazard maps identify potential flood hotspots at both national and city levels, crucial for urban planning. These maps aid in assessing the vulnerability of key infrastructure and assets, such as transport networks and buildings. The research highlights the importance of integrating additional data on assets and socioeconomic factors to enhance urban resilience. It sets the stage for future research aimed at improving predictive accuracy and underscores the necessity of extensive geospatial analytics in managing infrastructure risks.

【摘要翻译】

这项研究利用地理空间人工智能（GeoAI）和随机森林机器学习（ML）算法来增强葡萄牙的洪水危险评估。研究使用了NASA的LP DAAC（2023）数字高程模型（DEM）和来自EPIC WEBGIS葡萄牙数据的坡度数据，提供了详细的地形洞察，便于环境规划。此外，研究还纳入了葡萄牙环境署和欧洲环境署提供的水体近距离数据，以及来自EPIC WEBGIS葡萄牙数据的土壤特征，从而促进对洪水风险的全面分析。该方法优先考虑长期土地特征而非短期天气模式，从而提供对洪水脆弱性的全面理解。研究以1 km x 1 km的分辨率处理数据，并调整TIFF地图以兼容随机森林模型。生成的洪水危险地图在国家和城市层面识别潜在洪水热点，这对城市规划至关重要。这些地图有助于评估关键基础设施和资产的脆弱性，例如交通网络和建筑物。研究强调了整合有关资产和社会经济因素的额外数据的重要性，以增强城市的韧性。它为未来提高预测准确性设定了基础，并强调了广泛地理空间分析在管理基础设施风险中的必要性。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105873

【作者信息】

Seyed MHS Rezvani, 土木工程研究与可持续创新中心（CERIS），里斯本大学高级技术学院，阿尔维多·罗维斯科·佩斯大街1号，1049-001 里斯本，葡萄牙

Alexandre Gonçalves, 土木工程研究与可持续创新中心（CERIS），里斯本大学高级技术学院，阿尔维多·罗维斯科·佩斯大街1号，1049-001 里斯本，葡萄牙

Maria João Falcão Silva, 国家土木工程实验室，巴西大道101号，1700-075 里斯本，葡萄牙

Nuno Marques de Almeida，土木工程研究与可持续创新中心（CERIS），里斯本大学高级技术学院，阿尔维多·罗维斯科·佩斯大街1号，1049-001 里斯本，葡萄牙

论文58

Evaluation of pedestrian thermal comfort from a whole-trip perspective: An outdoor empirical study

从整体行程的角度评估行人热舒适：一项户外实证研究

【摘要】

Pedestrian thermal comfort is a critical factor influencing urban livability and sustainability. However, existing models often overlook its cumulative impact from dynamic thermal experiences throughout the whole-trip. This study builds on previous findings, conducting outdoor mobile observations in Guangzhou's urban blocks on clear summer days. Methods for assessing thermal comfort during pedestrian travel were tested and refined, taking into account participants' skin temperatures and accumulated heat storage. The research found that the dynamic changes and non-uniform distribution of radiant temperature are the main characteristics of pedestrians' thermal experiences during summer clear weather and are critical factors affecting their thermal comfort. Non-uniform exposure to direct solar radiation can cause variations in pedestrians' instantaneous thermal sensations, and dynamic thermal experiences can lead to the formation of memorized thermal sensations, causing a deviation between instantaneous and whole-trip thermal sensations. There is a significant correlation between pedestrians' mean skin temperature and heat storage and their thermal experiences over the past 10–25 min. Regression analysis provided different weights that could represent the memory component in whole-trip thermal sensations. The findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding pedestrian thermal comfort in dynamic outdoor environments and will help improve the thermal quality of outdoor travel spaces.

【摘要翻译】

行人热舒适性是影响城市宜居性和可持续性的关键因素。然而，现有模型往往忽视了在整个行程中动态热体验的累积影响。本研究在广州市的城市街区进行户外移动观察，针对晴朗夏季天的条件进行了调查。评估行人旅行中的热舒适性的方法经过测试和完善，考虑了参与者的皮肤温度和累积热储存。研究发现，在夏季晴朗天气中，辐射温度的动态变化和非均匀分布是行人热体验的主要特征，也是影响其热舒适性的关键因素。非均匀的直射阳光照射会导致行人瞬时热感受的差异，而动态热体验则可能导致记忆中的热感受形成，从而造成瞬时与全程热感受之间的偏差。行人的平均皮肤温度和热储存与过去10-25分钟的热体验之间存在显著相关性。回归分析提供了不同的权重，代表了全程热感受中的记忆成分。研究结果为理解动态户外环境中的行人热舒适性提供了理论基础，并将有助于改善户外旅行空间的热环境质量。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105872

【作者信息】

Huihui Zhao, 南方科技大学未来技术学院，中国广州，邮政编码511442；亚热带建筑与城市科学国家重点实验室，南方科技大学建筑学院，中国广州，邮政编码510641；德克萨斯A&M大学景观建筑与城市规划系，美国德克萨斯州大学城，邮政编码77840

Genyu Xu, 云南大学建筑与规划学院城市建设与数字城市教学实验中心，中国昆明，邮政编码650550

Yurong Shi, 康考迪亚大学建筑、土木与环境工程系零能耗建筑研究中心，加拿大蒙特利尔，梅森纳夫大道1455号

Yongchao Zhai,西安建筑科技大学建筑学院，中国西安，邮政编码710055

Lihua Zhao，亚热带建筑与城市科学国家重点实验室，南方科技大学建筑学院，中国广州，邮政编码510641；南方科技大学景观建筑学系，广州城市景观建筑市级重点实验室，中国广州，邮政编码510641

Robert D. Brown，德克萨斯A&M大学景观建筑与城市规划系，美国德克萨斯州大学城，邮政编码77840

论文59

Managing transit-oriented development: A comparative analysis of expert groups and multi-criteria decision making methods

管理以交通为导向的发展：专家组和多标准决策方法的比较分析

【摘要】

A key challenge for transport managers and planners in sustainable development is evaluating transit facilities' performance. While Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) tools are often used, they can be influenced by experts' subjective biases. This study applies MCDM to assess Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations in Jakarta, Indonesia, focusing on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). The primary goal is to compare stakeholder perspectives and MCDM methods, complemented by a sensitivity analysis and validation with real-world smart card data. The findings reveal significant differences in criteria weighting between Indonesian and non-Indonesian experts, and between academic and non-academic experts, especially in transit connectivity and land use diversity. The study also shows variations in station rankings across different MCDM methods. Sensitivity analysis identifies transit connectivity as the most critical criterion. Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) with linear normalisation aligns well with actual usage data and shows robustness in sensitivity analysis, making it the most reliable method for TOD evaluation. The study highlights the need for continuous TOD performance monitoring and the regular collection of real-world data on ridership and TOD indicators.

【摘要翻译】

可持续发展中，交通管理者和规划者面临的一项关键挑战是评估交通设施的性能。尽管多标准决策工具（MCDM）经常被使用，但它们可能受到专家主观偏见的影响。本研究应用MCDM评估印度尼西亚雅加达的快速交通（MRT）站点，重点关注以交通为导向的发展（TOD）。主要目标是比较利益相关者的观点和MCDM方法，并通过敏感性分析和与真实智能卡数据的验证进行补充。研究结果显示，印度尼西亚专家与非印度尼西亚专家、学术专家与非学术专家之间的标准权重存在显著差异，尤其是在交通连接性和土地利用多样性方面。研究还表明，不同MCDM方法下的站点排名存在差异。敏感性分析确定交通连接性为最关键标准。使用线性标准化的简单加法加权（SAW）方法与实际使用数据相符，并在敏感性分析中表现出稳健性，使其成为TOD评估中最可靠的方法。该研究强调了持续监测TOD绩效和定期收集乘客量及TOD指标真实数据的必要性。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105871

【作者信息】

Reza Abdullah, 日本广岛东广岛镜山1-5-1，广岛大学先进科学与工程研究生院，邮政编码739-8529

Blessy David Xavier, 日本广岛东广岛镜山1-5-1，广岛大学先进科学与工程研究生院，邮政编码739-8529

Hyewon Namgung, 日本广岛东广岛镜山1-5-1，广岛大学先进科学与工程研究生院，邮政编码739-8529

Varun Varghese, 日本广岛东广岛镜山1-5-1，广岛大学先进科学与工程研究生院，邮政编码739-8529

Akimasa Fujiwara，日本广岛东广岛镜山1-5-1，广岛大学先进科学与工程研究生院，邮政编码739-8529

论文60

An agent-based model of post-disaster recovery in multilayer socio-physical networks

一种针对多层社会-物理网络的灾后恢复的基于代理的模型

【摘要】

Post-disaster recovery involves returning infrastructure to pre-disaster states or close, and humans back to communities or close, after disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes. It enables us to comprehend complex relationships between humans and infrastructure after natural hazards. Existing studies have identified individual recovery, which focuses on personal or household-level restoration, and systematic recovery, which focuses on broader community recovery processes. However, they have not described how individual recoveries contribute to the overall recovery. To close the gap, we propose an agent-based model (ABM), called Disaster Infrastructure Recovery Simulator (DIRSim). We apply DIRSim to analyze the recovery of five counties in Texas following Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Specifically, we construct a three-layer network, composed of a human layer, a social infrastructure layer, and a physical infrastructure layer, using mobile phone location data and point-of-interest foot traffic data. Based on this three-layer network, we develop the ABM to simulate how evacuated users return to their homes, and social and physical infrastructure recover using a household survey. By implementing the ABM, we unveil the heterogeneity in recovery dynamics regarding geographical locations, housing types, and income levels. Moreover, simulation results across nine scenarios quantify the positive recovery effects of social and physical infrastructure policies.

【摘要翻译】

灾后恢复涉及在自然灾害（如飓风和地震）后恢复基础设施和社区，使其回到灾前状态或接近该状态。这一过程帮助我们理解自然灾害后人类与基础设施之间的复杂关系。现有研究区分了个体恢复，聚焦于个人或家庭层面的修复，以及系统性恢复，关注更广泛的社区恢复过程。然而，个体恢复如何促进整体恢复的关系尚未明确描述。为了解决这一空白，我们提出了一种名为灾害基础设施恢复模拟器（DIRSim）的代理基础模型（ABM）。我们将该模型应用于分析2017年哈维飓风后德克萨斯州五个县的恢复情况。具体而言，我们构建了一个由人类层、社会基础设施层和物理基础设施层组成的三层网络，利用移动电话位置数据和兴趣点的步行数据。基于这个三层网络，我们开发了ABM，模拟撤离的居民如何返回家园，以及社会和物理基础设施如何恢复，数据来源于家庭调查。通过实施ABM，我们揭示了不同地理位置、住房类型和收入水平下恢复动态的异质性。此外，来自九种不同情境的模拟结果量化了增强社会和物理基础设施政策对恢复工作的积极影响。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105863

【作者信息】

Jiawei Xue, 莱尔斯土木与建筑工程学院，普渡大学，美国印第安纳州韦斯特拉法叶

Sangung Park, 莱尔斯土木与建筑工程学院，普渡大学，美国印第安纳州韦斯特拉法叶

Washim Uddin Mondal, 莱尔斯土木与建筑工程学院，普渡大学，美国印第安纳州韦斯特拉法叶；印度理工学院坎普尔电气工程系，印度卡利扬普尔

Sandro Martinelli Reia, 莱尔斯土木与建筑工程学院，普渡大学，美国印第安纳州韦斯特拉法叶；乔治梅森大学科学学院地理与地理信息科学系，美国弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯

Tong Yao，普渡大学电气与计算机工程学院，美国印第安纳州韦斯特拉法叶

Satish V. Ukkusuri，莱尔斯土木与建筑工程学院，普渡大学，美国印第安纳州韦斯特拉法叶

论文61

Assessing heat vulnerability and multidimensional inequity: Lessons from indexing the performance of Australian capital cities

评估热脆弱性和多维不平等：来自澳大利亚首都城市绩效指标的经验教训

【摘要】

Increased extreme heat, driven by rapid urbanisation and climate change, has caused increasing heat-related deaths, and posed significant threats to vulnerable populations. Studies have proposed many heat vulnerability indices, but most lack comprehensiveness in study design and validation. Furthermore, a significant gap remains for an analysis of inequity in heat vulnerability assessment research, a crucial component for promoting thermal equity. This paper introduces a Comprehensive Heat Vulnerability Index (CHVI) for Australia's capital cities, using socio-demographic, health, and environmental indicators at the finest statistical level, the Statistical Area 1 (SA1) scale, and employs the Gini coefficient to analyse inequity in heat vulnerability. Key findings include: (a) Heat vulnerability exposure decreases from urban to rural areas, with sensitivity exhibiting similar trends but more pronounced regional variations; (b) Adaptive capacity increases as exposure decreases, though this pattern is not consistent in city centres and certain regions; (c) The CHVI effectively measures heat vulnerability, demonstrating strong correlations with Pearson Correlation Coefficients of 0.68 and 0.92; (d) The distribution of heat vulnerability aligns with exposure trends but shows greater regional diversity, and city centres tend to have lower vulnerability levels; (e) Thermal inequity among SA1s is influenced by factors such as the Indigenous population, unemployment rates, English proficiency, and public transportation usage; (f) There is a slight variation in these factors of thermal inequity across each capital city. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of heat vulnerability and thermal inequity in the Australian capital cities that could aid in informing climate resilience and adaptation strategies and policies for sustainable development.

【摘要翻译】

随着城市化和气候变化导致极端高温的增加，热相关死亡人数也在上升，对脆弱人群造成了显著威胁。许多研究提出了热脆弱性指数，但大多数在研究设计和验证上缺乏全面性。此外，热脆弱性评估研究中关于不平等的分析仍存在显著缺口，而这对于促进热公平至关重要。本文引入了一种针对澳大利亚首都城市的综合热脆弱性指数（CHVI），使用最细统计水平（统计区域1，SA1）的人口社会、健康和环境指标，并运用基尼系数分析热脆弱性的不平等。主要发现包括：（a）热脆弱性暴露从城市到乡村逐渐减少，敏感性也呈现类似趋势，但地区差异更为明显；（b）适应能力随着暴露程度的降低而增加，尽管这一模式在城市中心和某些地区并不一致；（c）CHVI有效地测量热脆弱性，Pearson相关系数显示强相关性，分别为0.68和0.92；（d）热脆弱性的分布与暴露趋势一致，但展现出更大的区域多样性，城市中心的脆弱性水平往往较低；（e）SA1之间的热不平等受原住民人口、失业率、英语能力和公共交通使用等因素的影响；（f）这些热不平等因素在每个首都城市之间略有差异。研究结果为理解澳大利亚首都城市的热脆弱性和热不平等提供了全面视角，这将有助于为气候韧性和适应战略以及可持续发展政策提供信息。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105875

【作者信息】

Fei Li, 城市 4.0 实验室，昆士兰科技大学建筑与建成环境学院，乔治街 2 号，布里斯班，昆士兰州 4000，澳大利亚

Tan Yigitcanlar, 城市 4.0 实验室，昆士兰科技大学建筑与建成环境学院，乔治街 2 号，布里斯班，昆士兰州 4000，澳大利亚

Madhav Nepal, 城市 4.0 实验室，昆士兰科技大学建筑与建成环境学院，乔治街 2 号，布里斯班，昆士兰州 4000，澳大利亚

Kien Nguyen, 昆士兰科技大学电气工程与机器人学院，乔治街 2 号，布里斯班，昆士兰州 4000，澳大利亚

Fatih Dur，城市 4.0 实验室，昆士兰科技大学建筑与建成环境学院，乔治街 2 号，布里斯班，昆士兰州 4000，澳大利亚

Wenda Li，城市 4.0 实验室，昆士兰科技大学建筑与建成环境学院，乔治街 2 号，布里斯班，昆士兰州 4000，澳大利亚

论文62

What drives household protective actions in an industrial crisis? Insights from the East Palestine train derailment

在工业危机中推动家庭保护行动的因素是什么？来自东巴勒斯坦火车出轨事件的见解

【摘要】

Complex industrial disasters illustrate the challenges of underdeveloped public warning systems. Unlike most natural disasters, quickly identifying hazardous materials and assessing their threats is crucial for developing protective action recommendations (PARs) that guide household response in industrial crises. The 2023 East Palestine, Ohio (USA) train derailment, chemical spill, and fires revealed that gaps in rapidly identifying hazardous materials, and the threats they present, can severely impact the public warning system. As the crisis unfolded, responding agencies left crucial questions unanswered, leaving community members uncertain about their safety, the extent of environmental contamination, and what protective actions to take. It is imperative to study the drivers of household protective actions in the absence of a developed warning system and well-established PARS. To achieve this, we conducted a community survey in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia (n = 259) in response to the East Palestine crisis. We used multivariate logistic regressions to identify statistically significant explanatory factors that predict protective action response. Our findings reveal gaps in response, where challenges identifying and communicating hazards created environmental justice concerns. We provide policy recommendations to strengthen hazard identification and outline further work to include equity as a pillar of environmental disaster response.

【摘要翻译】

复杂的工业灾害突显了欠发达的公共警报系统所面临的挑战。与大多数自然灾害不同，快速识别危险材料及评估其威胁对于制定指导家庭反应的保护措施建议（PARs）至关重要。2023年俄亥俄州东巴勒斯坦的火车出轨、化学泄漏和火灾事件揭示了在迅速识别危险材料及其潜在威胁方面的差距，这可能会严重影响公共警报系统。在危机发生时，响应机构未能解答关键问题，使得社区成员对自身安全、环境污染的程度以及应采取的保护措施感到不确定。在缺乏完善警报系统和成熟PARs的情况下，研究家庭保护行为的驱动因素显得尤为重要。为此，我们在俄亥俄州、宾夕法尼亚州和西弗吉尼亚州（样本量=259）开展了一项社区调查，旨在回应东巴勒斯坦危机。我们采用多变量逻辑回归分析来识别预测保护行动反应的统计显著解释因素。研究结果揭示了反应中的差距，表明识别和传达危害的挑战引发了环境公正问题。我们提供政策建议，以加强危害识别，并概述进一步将公平纳入环境灾害响应的工作。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105867

【作者信息】

Joseph Toland, 塔夫茨大学土木与环境工程系，200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, 美国

Andrew Whelton, 普渡大学莱尔斯土木工程学院，环境与生态工程系，550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, 美国

Clayton Wukich, 克利夫兰州立大学麦克辛·古德曼·莱文城市事务学院，2121 Euclid Ave. UR 349, Cleveland, OH 44115, 美国

Lauryn A. Spearing，塔夫茨大学土木与环境工程系，200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, 美国

论文63

A method for assessing the resilience of urban interdependent systems integrating physical damage and social loss

一种评估城市相互依赖系统韧性的方法，整合物理损害和社会损失

【摘要】

As systems in urban areas become increasingly interdependent, the effects of disasters extend beyond facilities damage, precipitating casualties, and public service disruptions. Establishing a holistic resilience assessment method is crucial for urban sustainability planning. Existing resilience assessment methods often focus on the physical damage; however, few studies examine the social loss. This study proposes a resilience assessment method that integrates physical damage and social loss. A multilayer network model of physical-social systems is first developed based on their interdependency. Then, the evolution of disaster damage within and between systems process, and the multi-task parallel restoration process are quantified. Resilience is assessed by measuring dynamic changes in service supply and demand throughout these processes. The method considers social loss as a combination of population harm and service interruption caused by physical damage. The proposed method was applied to an urban area in Southern China. The results reveal the impact of seismic events on infrastructure, buildings, and populations. Furthermore, they demonstrate the coupling impacts of supply and transportation on emergency and healthcare systems’ resilience. This comprehensive method could facilitate the development of efficient strategies to improve urban resilience to disasters.

【摘要翻译】

随着城市区域系统的日益相互依赖，灾害的影响超出了设施损坏、人员伤亡和公共服务中断的范围。建立一种全面的韧性评估方法对于城市可持续发展规划至关重要。现有的韧性评估方法通常关注物理损坏，而很少研究社会损失。本研究提出了一种整合物理损坏和社会损失的韧性评估方法。首先，基于物理-社会系统之间的相互依赖性，开发了一个多层网络模型。然后，定量分析灾害损害在系统内外的演变过程，以及多任务并行恢复过程。通过测量这些过程中的服务供需动态变化来评估韧性。该方法将社会损失视为因物理损坏造成的人口伤害和服务中断的结合。该方法应用于中国南方某城市区域。结果揭示了地震事件对基础设施、建筑物和人群的影响。此外，结果还展示了供给和运输对应急和医疗系统韧性的耦合影响。这种综合方法可以促进制定有效策略，以提高城市对灾害的韧性。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105866

【作者信息】

Guohua Chen, 安全科学与工程研究所，华南理工大学，中国广州市510640

Jialing Li, 安全科学与工程研究所，华南理工大学，中国广州市510640

Xiaofeng Li, 安全科学与工程研究所，华南理工大学，中国广州市510640

Weisong Chen，广州南方投资集团有限公司，中国

论文64

Multipurpose territorial cadastre and collaborative participation as tools for smart urban governance: An analysis considering the pandemic’s effect in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil

多用途领土地籍和协作参与作为智能城市治理工具：考虑巴西圣保罗大都市区疫情影响的分析

【摘要】

The society lives in a dynamic, complex and contradictory urban system, seeking to reach a balance between urban development and environmental preservation. For this purpose, there is a need to perform an efficient urban management integrated with the information and communication technologies. From this integration, emerges the smart cities concept, which is composed of smart governance strategies and actions. In this sense, the present article aims to understand and discuss the contributions, potentials and public values of the multipurpose territorial cadastre and the collaborative participation as tools for smart governance. In order to validate the theoretical essay, a case study was performed to analyze urban governance in the São Paulo metropolitan region, Brazil, according to the use of information and geoinformation resources applied to cities’ management, pre- and post-pandemics. The results have shown that some practices of municipal governments have already been established aligned with the dimensions of smart governance. However, mainly, as for spatial activation in the use of geoinformation, as well as in the use of multipurpose territorial cadastre, it still has much to move forward and, therefore, to qualify with public value the strategies and actions of governance that a smart city requires.

【摘要翻译】

社会存在于一个动态、复杂且矛盾的城市系统中，努力在城市发展与环境保护之间寻求平衡。实现这一平衡需要有效的城市管理，并与信息和通信技术相结合。这种整合催生了智能城市的概念，其中包含了智能治理的策略和行动。本文旨在探讨和讨论多用途国土登记和协作参与作为智能治理工具的贡献、潜力和公共价值。为了验证这一理论框架，我们进行了案例研究，分析巴西圣保罗大都市区的城市治理，重点关注在疫情前后信息和地理信息资源在城市管理中的应用。研究结果表明，某些市政府的做法已经与智能治理的维度相一致。然而，在地理信息的空间激活和多用途国土登记的使用方面，仍然需要显著的进步。因此，这一进展对于确保智能城市治理所需的策略和行动能够提供公共价值至关重要。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105831

【作者信息】

Andréa Oliveira da Silva, 巴西圣卡塔琳娜联邦大学城市工程研究生项目，华盛顿·路易斯公路（SP-310）235公里，圣卡塔琳娜州，邮政编码13565-905

Ricardo Augusto Souza Fernandes，巴西圣卡塔琳娜联邦大学城市工程研究生项目，华盛顿·路易斯公路（SP-310）235公里，圣卡塔琳娜州，邮政编码13565-905

论文65

Predicting the urban stormwater drainage system state using the Graph-WaveNet

使用Graph-WaveNet 预测城市雨水排水系统状态

【摘要】

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been applied to network data such as traffic flow and water distribution systems, yet their use in predicting the state of urban stormwater drainage systems remains rare. This study investigates the application of Graph-WaveNet (GWN), a type of GNN, in forecasting the states of stormwater systems in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Data was sourced from the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) spanning 43 rainfall events from 2020 to 2023. Based on the preceding 30 to 60 min of network states and rainfall data, GWN predicted junction inflows, pipe flow rates, and relative water depths (fraction of full area filled by flow) for lead times up to 20, 20, and 30 min, with an R2 greater than 0.6, respectively. Prediction accuracy declines with longer forecast horizons. GWN predicts more time steps ahead for pipes’ flow rates and junctions’inflows, but fewer for relative water depths during peak versus non-peak periods. It is also more effective at predicting states of large pipes and connected junctions downstream, compared to smaller upstream components. GWN's accuracy improves significantly with precise rainfall nowcasting inputs. This study establishes a significant baseline for GWN's performance in predicting urban stormwater systems during rainfall events.

【摘要翻译】

图神经网络（GNN）已被应用于交通流和水分配系统等网络数据，但在预测城市雨水排水系统状态方面的应用仍然较少。本研究探讨了图波网络（GWN）在香港九龙雨水系统状态预测中的应用。数据来源于2020年至2023年间的43次降雨事件的雨水管理模型（SWMM）。基于前30到60分钟的网络状态和降雨数据，GWN分别预测了交汇点的流入、管道流速和相对水深（流动区域的充满比例），预测时限可达20、20和30分钟，R²均超过0.6。随着预测时间的延长，预测准确性有所下降。GWN在管道流速和交汇点流入的预测中能够提前预测更多时间步骤，而在高峰期相比非高峰期对相对水深的预测则较少。它在预测大管道及其下游连接交汇点的状态时效果更好，而对较小的上游组件则较弱。GWN的准确性在获得精准的降雨短期预测输入后显著提升。本研究为GWN在降雨事件中预测城市雨水系统的性能建立了重要基线。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105877

【作者信息】

Mengru Li, 环境与可持续发展系，香港科技大学，清水湾，香港

Xiaoming Shi, 环境与可持续发展系，香港科技大学，清水湾，香港

Zhongming Lu, 环境与可持续发展系，香港科技大学，清水湾，香港

Zoran Kapelan，水利工程系，民用工程与地球科学学院，代尔夫特理工大学，荷兰

论文66

How does ICT development in resource-exhausted cities promote the urban green transformation efficiency? Evidence from China

资源枯竭城市的信息通信技术发展如何促进城市绿色转型效率？来自中国的证据

【摘要】

The contradiction between resource depletion and economic growth in resource-exhausted cities is becoming prominent. The role of ICT has been reflected in many policies to promote sustainable urban development. It is necessary to clarify the mechanism of ICT for urban green transformation efficiency (UGTE) in resource-exhausted cities. In this research, 39 resource-exhausted cities in China were selected as the research samples, and panel data were collected for 20 years to assess their ICT development level and their UGTE. The panel regression model, PVAR model, heterogeneity test, and moderating effect test were used to analyze the relationship between the two. The main findings are as follows: (1) ICT has a facilitating effect on UGTE in resource-exhausted cities, with a regression coefficient of 0.170⁎⁎⁎. (2) The improvement of ICT significantly promotes the UGTE in these cities, and the promotional effect reaches a peak after a lag of 6 periods; the original UGTE also has a negative impact on the future ICT development level, and the negative impact reaches a peak after a lag of 6 periods. (3) The promotional effect of ICT on UGTE in resource-exhausted cities consists of being strongest in the eastern region (0.477⁎⁎⁎), then in the central region (0.233⁎⁎⁎), weaker in the western region (0.167⁎⁎), and weakest in the northeastern region (0.080*). (4) The improvement of energy structure, green innovation structure, and urban-rural consumption structure strengthens the promotional effect of ICT on UGTE in resource-exhausted cities. Finally, targeted policy recommendations were proposed.

【摘要翻译】

资源枯竭城市中资源消耗与经济增长之间的矛盾日益突出。信息通信技术（ICT）在促进可持续城市发展方面的作用已在许多政策中得到体现。因此，有必要阐明ICT对资源枯竭城市城市绿色转型效率（UGTE）的机制。本研究选取中国39个资源枯竭城市作为研究样本，收集20年的面板数据，以评估其ICT发展水平及UGTE。采用面板回归模型、PVAR模型、异质性检验和调节效应检验分析两者之间的关系。主要研究发现如下：ICT对资源枯竭城市的UGTE具有促进作用，回归系数为0.170⁎⁎⁎。ICT的改善显著促进了这些城市的UGTE，其促进效应在滞后6个时期后达到峰值；而原有的UGTE对未来ICT发展水平也产生负面影响，负面影响在滞后6个时期后达到峰值。ICT对资源枯竭城市UGTE的促进效应在东部地区最强（0.477⁎⁎⁎），其次是中部地区（0.233⁎⁎⁎），西部地区较弱（0.167⁎⁎），而东北地区最弱（0.080*）。能源结构、绿色创新结构和城乡消费结构的改善增强了ICT对资源枯竭城市UGTE的促进效应。最后，提出了有针对性的政策建议。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105835

【作者信息】

Ziyi Wang, 人类环境研究研究生院，九州大学，日本福冈 819-0395

Haolong Chen, 怀茨曼设计学院，宾夕法尼亚大学，美国宾夕法尼亚州费城 19104

Prasanna Divigalpitiya，人类环境研究学院，九州大学，日本福冈 819-0395

论文67

Energy signature approach for retrofit prioritization: A proposal for building identification methodology

能源特征方法用于改造优先级：建筑识别方法的建议

【摘要】

Amidst the urgent call for carbon reduction, retrofitting existing buildings for energy efficiency has become imperative. Nonetheless, the challenge of selecting suitable buildings for retrofitting persists. This paper proposes a method for identifying retrofit target buildings using the heating Energy Signature (ES) approach to achieve effective carbon reduction through retrofitting.The method involves comparing the actual ES, derived from monthly heating energy usage in existing buildings, with the optimal ES based on the building's physical performance to assess the need for retrofitting or behavioral improvements. It takes into account factors such as building physical characteristics, occupants’ heating behavior, and outdoor environment, integrating ES parameters like balance-point temperature (BPT) and heating sensitivity.In practical application, the proposed method involves four steps. Step 1 collects five essential building data inputs from the building user. Step 2 supplements this information using open-source platforms to calculate the optimal ES parameters. Step 3 computes both the actual and optimal ES, and Step 4 compares these to identify energy inefficiencies. The results are then presented in a user-friendly format for intuitive understanding.Offering novelty, this method accurately identifies the causes of building energy consumption, streamlines calculation processes, requires minimal input data, and yields intuitive results. It furnishes valuable insights for stakeholders engaged in retrofitting projects and holds potential for the effective implementation of building retrofit policies on a larger scale.

【摘要翻译】

在紧迫的碳减排呼声中，提升现有建筑的能源效率变得至关重要。然而，选择适合改造的建筑仍然面临挑战。本文提出了一种利用供暖能量特征（Energy Signature，ES）方法来识别改造目标建筑，以通过改造实现有效的碳减排。该方法涉及将实际的能量特征（基于现有建筑每月供暖能耗得出）与基于建筑物物理性能的最佳能量特征进行比较，以评估改造或行为改善的必要性。方法考虑了建筑物的物理特征、居住者的供暖行为和外部环境等因素，整合了如平衡点温度（BPT）和供暖敏感度等能量特征参数。在实际应用中，该方法包括四个步骤。步骤1收集建筑用户提供的五项基本建筑数据输入。步骤2使用开源平台补充这些信息，以计算最佳能量特征参数。步骤3计算实际和最佳能量特征，步骤4进行比较，以识别能量低效问题。结果以用户友好的格式呈现，便于直观理解。该方法具有创新性，能够准确识别建筑能耗的原因，简化计算过程，所需输入数据量少，并能产生直观结果。它为参与改造项目的利益相关者提供了宝贵的见解，并在更大范围内有效实施建筑改造政策的潜力。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105844

【作者信息】

Jisoo Shim, 碳中和与能源贫困研究中心，成均馆大学，韩国水原16419

Somin Park, 碳中和与能源贫困研究中心，成均馆大学，韩国水原16419

Sowoo Park, 碳中和与能源贫困研究中心，成均馆大学，韩国水原16419

Doosam Song，土木与建筑工程学院，成均馆大学，韩国水原16419

论文68

Study on the planning and scheduling strategies of the hydrogen supply network for road transportation in deep decarbonization scenarios

深度脱碳情境下道路运输氢供应网络的规划与调度策略研究

【摘要】

As the energy decarbonization continues to advance, hydrogen is gaining momentum. With the increasing demand for hydrogen and the lack of hydrogen infrastructure, it is urgent to solve the problem of hydrogen supply network layout planning. In order to reduce redundant construction of hydrogen supply network infrastructure and increase the rationality of its layout, this paper conducts research on the optimal layout planning of hydrogen supply network infrastructure in the transportation sector. By constructing a two-stage real-time scheduling model of hydrogen supply network, the unit cost composition of hydrogen supply network is more complete and accurate, and the location, technology type and quantity of each link of hydrogen supply network are obtained. The results show that the unit cost of China's hydrogen supply network is 27.8 CNY/kg in 2035 and 19.04 CNY/kg in 2050 under the baseline scenario. Compared with the results of existing literature, the two-stage real-time scheduling model can reduce by 7 % of the hydrogen energy supply network unit cost by decreasing the transportation vehicles and the investment capacity of fixed hydrogen storage equipment. The proposed method of the hydrogen supply network planning can provide policy-makers with the selection of sustainability pathways for dynamic hydrogen infrastructure development planning.

【摘要翻译】

随着能源脱碳的持续推进，氢能正逐渐获得关注。随着氢气需求的增加以及氢气基础设施的不足，解决氢气供应网络布局规划的问题变得迫在眉睫。为了减少氢气供应网络基础设施的冗余建设，提高其布局的合理性，本文对交通领域氢气供应网络基础设施的最优布局规划进行了研究。通过构建氢气供应网络的双阶段实时调度模型，氢气供应网络的单位成本组成得到了更完整和准确的描述，并获得了氢气供应网络各环节的选址、技术类型和数量。结果显示，在基线情景下，中国氢气供应网络的单位成本在2035年为27.8元/千克，2050年为19.04元/千克。与现有文献的结果相比，双阶段实时调度模型通过减少运输车辆和固定氢储存设备的投资能力，可以降低氢能供应网络的单位成本约7%。所提出的氢气供应网络规划方法可以为政策制定者提供可持续发展路径的选择，以动态规划氢气基础设施的发展。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105859

【作者信息】

Qifen Li, 上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院，中国上海 200090

Liting Zhang, 上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院，中国上海 200090

Zhenkun Qin, 河海大学可再生能源学院，中国南京 211100

Jiejie Guo, 上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院，中国上海 200090

Yongwen Yang, 上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院，中国上海 200090

Hongbo Ren, 上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院，中国上海 200090

Longfei Fan, 上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院，中国上海 200240

Nengling Tai，上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院，中国上海 200240

论文69

Last defense in climate change: Assessing healthcare inequities in response to compound environmental risk in a megacity in Northern China

应对气候变化的最后防线：评估北方特大城市对复合环境风险的医疗不平等

【摘要】

The compound risk of extreme heat and air pollution in the context of climate change has become an important challenge for megacities in Northern China. Severe spatial differences exist in healthcare facilities, which are the last defense to protect the health of residents. Understanding the match between compound risks and healthcare services is important for ensuring the basic well-being of residents. We selected 255 census units in Tianjin to comprehensively assess the healthcare services and risks of hazards, exposures, and social vulnerabilities in order to explore the match between risks and services. We quantified and graded environmental quality on a 5-point scale and investigated inequalities in risk-service relationships across different regions using correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and LISA. The results showed that: (1) the level of compound risk and the variability of risk increased with environmental degradation, main urban areas exhibited the highest level of risk, while suburban and district centralized construction areas demonstrated significant variability in risk; (2) the relationship was significantly imbalanced between healthcare services and risk in suburban and peripheral districts and counties, while the main urban areas and rural areas showed high and low levels of matching respectively; and (3) blue-green spaces could effectively alleviate the pressure on healthcare services in the main urban area and rural area. The results obtained in this study provide references for healthcare allocation strategies in areas with different degrees of environmental degradation, and we call for further planning of healthcare facilities in megacities to enhance their ability to adapt to climate change risks.

【摘要翻译】

极端高温与空气污染的复合风险在气候变化背景下，已成为中国北方特大城市面临的重要挑战。医疗设施的空间分布存在严重差异，而这些设施是保护居民健康的最后防线。了解复合风险与医疗服务之间的匹配关系对于确保居民的基本福祉至关重要。我们选择了天津的255个普查单位，综合评估了医疗服务与危险、暴露和社会脆弱性的风险，以探讨风险与服务之间的匹配关系。我们对环境质量进行了量化和分级，采用5分制，并通过相关分析、方差分析（ANOVA）和局部自相关分析（LISA）研究不同区域风险与服务关系的不平等性。结果显示：(1) 复合风险水平和风险的变异性随着环境恶化而增加，主要城市区域的风险水平最高，而郊区和集中建设区则表现出显著的风险变异性；(2) 在郊区和边缘地区，医疗服务与风险之间的关系显著失衡，而主要城市区域与农村区域则分别表现出高匹配和低匹配水平；(3) 蓝绿空间能够有效缓解主要城市区域和农村区域医疗服务的压力。本研究的结果为不同环境恶化程度区域的医疗资源配置策略提供了参考，同时呼吁进一步规划特大城市的医疗设施，以增强其适应气候变化风险的能力。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105886

【作者信息】

Qi Cheng, 哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院，寒区城乡人居环境科学与技术教育部重点实验室，哈尔滨 150006，中国

Shiyan Sha，哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院，寒区城乡人居环境科学与技术教育部重点实验室，哈尔滨 150006，中国

论文70

Exploring the complex relationship between metro and shared bikes in the built environment: Competition, connection, and complementation

探索建成环境中地铁与共享单车之间复杂的关系：竞争、联系和互补

【摘要】

Merging the flexibility of bike-sharing systems with the high capacity of metro transit significantly enhances both connectivity and efficiency in urban transportation, promoting eco-friendly travel options and supporting sustainable urban development. Current studies primarily examine how these two transportation modes work together to enhance urban travel efficiency and convenience. However, there is still a lack of discussion on the spatial heterogeneity of the competitive and complementary relationships between two modes across different built environments. This study selects Shenzhen as a case study and employs a data-driven approach to explore the relationships between bike-sharing and the metro system in practical application, including competition, connection, and complementation. The OPGD model is deployed to assess how the built environment influences these dynamics. The results reveal that bike-sharing typically complements the metro system, with longer ride durations occurring mainly in the urban core areas. Conversely, competitive interactions between these two modes are less frequent and associated with shorter rides, typically occurring in locales with a high density of metro stations. Educational, service, and residential factors are the main influences on people's choice of the "bike-sharing + metro" travel mode. The built environment exerts a greater impact on competitive relationships and less on complementary ones.

【摘要翻译】

将共享单车系统的灵活性与地铁运输的高容量结合起来，显著增强了城市交通的连接性和效率，促进了环保出行选项并支持可持续城市发展。目前的研究主要探讨这两种交通方式如何协同工作以提高城市旅行的效率和便利性。然而，关于这两种模式在不同建筑环境中竞争和互补关系的空间异质性仍缺乏讨论。本研究选择深圳作为案例，采用数据驱动的方法探索共享单车与地铁系统之间的关系，包括竞争、连接和互补。应用OPGD模型评估建筑环境如何影响这些动态关系。结果表明，共享单车通常对地铁系统形成互补，且较长的骑行时间主要发生在城市核心区域。相反，这两种模式之间的竞争互动较少，且通常与较短的骑行时间相关，主要发生在地铁站密度较高的地区。教育、服务和居住因素是影响人们选择“共享单车 + 地铁”出行方式的主要因素。建筑环境对竞争关系的影响大于对互补关系的影响。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105810

【作者信息】

Yun Yu, 广东工业大学建筑与城乡规划学院，中国广州

Peng Zang, 广东工业大学建筑与城乡规划学院，中国广州

Bingjiang Ye, 广东工业大学建筑与城乡规划学院，中国广州

Xinyan Liao, 广东工业大学建筑与城乡规划学院，中国广州

Ziqi Zhao，广东工业大学建筑与城乡规划学院，中国广州

论文71

Integrating street-view imagery and points of interest for refining population spatialization: A case study in Wuhan City

结合街景图像和兴趣点精细化人口空间化：以武汉市为案例

【摘要】

Fine-scale population spatialization is the frontier of geosciences, it is essential for sustainable urban planning and effective resource allocation. Various approaches have been proposed to enhance population estimation accuracy using multi-source geospatial data. However, the approaches based on remote sensing data usually suffer from the problem of spatial homogeneity, while the social-sensing-based approach such as point of interest (POI) data cannot distinguish the population distribution around POIs with the same category but different scales. Thus, this study proposes a novel method that incorporates street view imagery (SVI) with POI, to enrich the semantic landscape of street-level objects and provide a visual representation of spatial heterogeneity within an urban environment. Specifically, we extract POI and SVI features at grid-, street-, and community-level, respectively, and then select modelling features based on cross-scale consistency analysis with population. After that, grid-level SVI features are adjusted by community-level SVI features to alleviate its sparsity and transiency. Finally, we train random forest (RF) at the street-level and estimate grid-level population weight for population allocation. Experiments in Wuhan City at a grid size of 100 × 100m show that our method yields higher accuracy compared to WorldPop, GPW datasets, Ye's method, and heterogeneous population attraction of POI modelling (HPA-POI), demonstrating its effectiveness in fine-scale population spatialization.

【摘要翻译】

细尺度人口空间化是地理科学的前沿，对可持续城市规划和有效资源配置至关重要。为提高人口估算的准确性，已提出多种利用多源地理空间数据的方法。然而，基于遥感数据的方法通常面临空间同质性问题，而基于社会感知的方式，如兴趣点（POI）数据，无法区分同一类别但规模不同的POI周围的人口分布。因此，本研究提出了一种新方法，将街景图像（SVI）与POI结合，以丰富街道级对象的语义景观，并提供城市环境中空间异质性的可视化表示。具体而言，我们在网格、街道和社区级别提取POI和SVI特征，然后基于与人口的跨尺度一致性分析选择建模特征。之后，网格级别的SVI特征通过社区级别的SVI特征进行调整，以缓解其稀疏性和瞬态性。最后，我们在街道级别训练随机森林（RF），并估算网格级别的人口权重以进行人口分配。在武汉市进行的100 × 100米网格大小的实验显示，我们的方法与WorldPop、GPW数据集、Ye的方法以及兴趣点建模的异质人口吸引（HPA-POI）相比，具有更高的准确性，证明了其在细尺度人口空间化中的有效性。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105883

【作者信息】

Yaxian Qing, 国家测绘局信息工程测绘与遥感重点实验室，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；遥感与信息工程学院，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；地理空间技术协同创新中心，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079

Huayi Wu, 国家测绘局信息工程测绘与遥感重点实验室，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；地理空间技术协同创新中心，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；湖北省罗家实验室，中国武汉 430079

Kunlun Qi, 地理信息系统国家工程研究中心，中国地质大学，中国武汉 430078

Zhipeng Gui, 遥感与信息工程学院，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；地理空间技术协同创新中心，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；湖北省罗家实验室，中国武汉 430079

Yuhang Liu, 国家测绘局信息工程测绘与遥感重点实验室，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；遥感与信息工程学院，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；地理空间技术协同创新中心，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079

Zhenqiang Li, 地理信息系统国家工程研究中心，中国地质大学，中国武汉 430078

Rui Li，国家测绘局信息工程测绘与遥感重点实验室，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；地理空间技术协同创新中心，武汉大学，中国武汉 430079；湖北省罗家实验室，中国武汉 430079

论文72

Optimal operation of CCHP system with duality operation strategy considering hydrogen trading and carbon capture

考虑氢气交易和碳捕获的 CCHP 系统最优运行与双重运营策略

【摘要】

The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, known for its outstanding compatibility performance, has been widely integrated with renewable energy sources such as hydrogen, wind, and photovoltaics, as well as decarbonization technologies in the energy field. However, the increased complexity of CCHP scheduling due to the high proportion of renewable energy sources and load fluctuations leads to negative returns if renewable energy sources are not scheduled reasonably and decarbonization technologies are not utilized. To address this challenge, this study introduced solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) and carbon capture system (CCS) into the CCHP system, and constructed a novel CCHP model considering hydrogen trading and decarbonization technologies. First, for the scheduling of SOEC and CCS, a game model was presented based on hydrogen sales and energy storage benefits. Second, a nudge and compel theory-based scheduling strategy and a duality operation strategy (DOS) considering sources-load fluctuation were proposed. Third, for the optimal energy scheduling problem of CCHP under new strategies and technologies, a novel multi-objective PID-based search algorithm with dynamic disturbance response was introduced. Finally, the proposed new strategies, methods, and models were verified through actual case studies on multiple typical days. The results revealed that, compared with the following electrical load strategy and following thermal load strategies, the DOS reduced costs by 3.03 % and 6.99 %, and emissions by 7.84 % and 1.39 %, respectively. The obtained outcomes contribute to the application and development of clean energy and decarbonization techniques.

【摘要翻译】

复合制冷、供热和电力（CCHP）系统因其出色的兼容性性能而被广泛集成于氢能、风能和光伏等可再生能源以及脱碳技术中。然而，由于可再生能源比例较高和负荷波动，CCHP调度的复杂性增加，如果不合理调度可再生能源和不利用脱碳技术，将导致负收益。为应对这一挑战，本研究将固体氧化物电解槽（SOEC）和碳捕集系统（CCS）引入CCHP系统，构建了一个考虑氢交易和脱碳技术的新型CCHP模型。首先，为SOEC和CCS的调度提出了一个基于氢销售和能量存储收益的博弈模型。其次，提出了一种基于劝导和强制理论的调度策略，以及考虑源-负荷波动的双重操作策略（DOS）。第三，针对新策略和技术下的CCHP优化能源调度问题，引入了一种基于多目标PID的动态扰动响应搜索算法。最后，通过对多个典型日期的实际案例研究验证了提出的新策略、方法和模型。结果显示，与跟随电负荷策略和跟随热负荷策略相比，DOS分别降低了成本3.03%和6.99%，减少了排放7.84%和1.39%。所获得的结果为清洁能源和脱碳技术的应用与发展提供了贡献。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105881

【作者信息】

Zhi-Feng Liu, 电子信息与自动化学院，天津科技大学，中国天津 300222

Ya-He Huang, 电子信息与自动化学院，天津科技大学，中国天津 300222

Qing Kang, 公共管理学院，广西大学，中国南宁 530004

Ze-Qi Li, 电子信息与自动化学院，天津科技大学，中国天津 300222

Jing Lu, 电子信息与自动化学院，天津科技大学，中国天津 300222

Rui-Zheng Gu, 国家电网天津高压公司，中国天津 300230

Xing-Fu Luo, 电子信息与自动化学院，天津科技大学，中国天津 300222

Xiao-Rui Chen, 电子信息与自动化学院，天津科技大学，中国天津 300222

You-Yuan Liu, 电子信息与自动化学院，天津科技大学，中国天津 300222

Yu Tang, 电气设备可靠性与智能国家重点实验室，河北工业大学，中国天津 300130；河北省电磁场与电气设备可靠性重点实验室，河北工业大学，中国天津 300130

Liang Guo，南京南瑞科技有限公司，中国江苏省南京 211106

论文73

Smart feasibility optimization of hybrid renewable water supply systems by digital twin technologies: A multicriteria approach applied to isolated cities

基于数字孪生技术的混合可再生水供应系统智能可行性优化：适用于孤立城市的多标准方法

【摘要】

This research presents a multicriteria approach for the best hybrid water supply solution of a multipurpose Pumped-Storage Hydropower (PSH) system, using the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) method in Solver, with the optimization process considering key factors, such as Net Present Value (NPV), the number of energy conversion devices, renewable energy production, source availability, reservoir capacities, topographic constraints, and energy tariffs. The methodology combines a literature review, methodological development, and machine learning applications for hybrid water-energy systems. Results indicate that solar-only solutions are insufficient in high hydropower potential scenarios while integrating wind turbines significantly enhances energy production and profitability by generating surplus energy for grid sales. The timing of energy sales and the incorporation of battery storage also impact NPV, which can exceed 180 million euros. Wind energy contributes to continuous profitability and optimized system performance, particularly in isolated regions. The PSH system can manage 130,000 cubic meters of water daily, storing 25 MWh of energy, and reducing CO2 emissions by over 18,000 tonnes per year. These findings highlight the importance of renewables, such as wind energy, and effective operational management. It enhances the economic viability and environmental sustainability of hybrid water-energy systems.

【摘要翻译】

这项研究提出了一种多标准方法，用于选择多功能抽水蓄能（PSH）系统的最佳混合水供应解决方案，使用了求解器中的广义简约梯度（GRG）方法。优化过程考虑了多个关键因素，如净现值（NPV）、能量转换设备数量、可再生能源生产、资源可用性、水库容量、地形限制和能源价格。该方法结合了文献综述、方法学开发和混合水能系统的机器学习应用。研究结果表明，在高水电潜力场景中，仅依靠太阳能的解决方案是不够的，而集成风力发电机则显著增强了能源生产和盈利能力，通过生成多余的电能进行电网销售。能源销售的时机和电池储能的整合也对净现值产生影响，净现值可以超过1.8亿欧元。风能有助于持续的盈利能力和系统性能的优化，尤其是在偏远地区。该PSH系统每天可管理13万立方米的水，储存25 MWh的能量，并减少超过1.8万吨的二氧化碳排放。这些发现强调了可再生能源（如风能）和有效运营管理的重要性，增强了混合水能系统的经济可行性和环境可持续性。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105834

【作者信息】

Miguel Tavares, 葡萄牙里斯本大学技术学院土木工程、建筑与环境系，CERIS，地址：1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

Modesto Pérez-Sánchez, 西班牙瓦伦西亚理工大学水力与环境工程系，地址：46022 Valencia, Spain

Armando Carravetta, 意大利那不勒斯费德里科二世大学水利、岩土和环境工程系，地址：80125 Naples, Italy

Oscar E. Coronado-Hernández,哥伦比亚卡塔赫纳大学水力与环境卫生研究所，地址：130001 Cartagena, Colombia

P. Amparo López-Jiménez, 西班牙瓦伦西亚理工大学水力与环境工程系，地址：46022 Valencia, Spain

Helena M. Ramos，葡萄牙里斯本大学技术学院土木工程、建筑与环境系，CERIS，地址：1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

论文74

Localizing particulate matter sources in indoor environments with weak airflow: An experimental study using swarm intelligence methods

在空气流动较弱的室内环境中本地化颗粒物源：一种使用群体智能方法的实验

【摘要】

In indoor environments with weak airflow, advective transport diminishes while turbulent dispersion prevails. The absence of usable airflow data and the unpredictability of turbulence-led pollutant dispersion pose significant challenges to mobile robots in localizing pollution sources. This study advances the field by shifting the focus from gases to particulate matter (PM) in such environments. An initial detailed examination of airflow dynamics and PM behavior under weak airflow conditions laid the foundation for extensive 3D source localization experiments using two methodologies: the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA_3D) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO_3D), executed through a specialized multi-robot system. Evaluation across 11 distinct scenarios and 165 trials showcased the methods’ adaptability to different source heights, PM sizes, and the transition from gaseous to particulate pollutants. WOA_3D notably excelled in localizing PM2.5 sources at 1.35 m heights, achieving a 73.3% success rate and proving consistently effective across various elevations. However, its efficacy waned with larger PM sizes, and it was less effective in transitioning from ethanol vapor to PM source localization. These results highlight the importance of addressing PM settling to improve PM localization strategies, effectively combining insights into PM behavior’s complexities with methodological progress.

【摘要翻译】

在气流较弱的室内环境中，对流传输减弱，而湍流扩散占主导地位。可用气流数据的缺乏和由湍流引起的污染物扩散的不确定性对移动机器人定位污染源构成了重大挑战。本研究通过将重点从气体转向颗粒物（PM），推动了该领域的发展。对气流动态和颗粒物在弱气流条件下的行为进行了详细的初步研究，为使用两种方法（鲸鱼优化算法（WOA_3D）和粒子群优化（PSO_3D））进行广泛的三维源定位实验奠定了基础，实验通过专门的多机器人系统执行。对11种不同场景和165次试验的评估展示了这些方法在不同源高度、PM大小以及从气体到颗粒污染物转变中的适应性。WOA_3D在定位1.35米高度的PM2.5源时表现尤为突出，成功率达到73.3%，并在各种高度下始终有效。然而，随着PM尺寸的增大，其有效性下降，并且在从乙醇蒸气向PM源定位的转变中效果较差。这些结果突显了处理PM沉降的重要性，以改善PM定位策略，将对PM行为复杂性的洞察与方法论进展有效结合起来。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105820

【作者信息】

Zhenfeng Li, 南京工业大学城市建设学院暖通空调系，中国南京210009

Gaogui Bao, 南京工业大学城市建设学院暖通空调系，中国南京210009

Hongyi Mao, 南京工业大学城市建设学院暖通空调系，中国南京210009

Mingrui Jiang, 南京工业大学城市建设学院暖通空调系，中国南京210009

Yue Shi, 天津环境与作战医学研究院，中国天津300050

Fusheng Peng,陆军工程大学国防工程学院，中国南京210007

Hao Cai，南京工业大学城市建设学院暖通空调系，中国南京210009

论文75

Daylighting performance prediction model for linear layouts of teaching building clusters utilizing deep learning

利用深度学习预测线性布局教学建筑群的采光性能模型

【摘要】

Deep learning (DL) has proven to be an effective tool for predicting the daylighting performance of buildings on individual rooms or standalone buildings by utilizing a few straightforward design parameters as input variables for analysis. In addition to existing studies, exploring methods to characterize larger objects with spatial relationships may contribute to understanding the impact of layout on the overall daylighting performance of buildings. In this study, a DL model based on the framework of “Autoencoder-Based Feature Extraction with Artificial Neural Network (AE-ANN)” has been developed to predict the daylighting performance of the layout of teaching building clusters. In order to efficiently extract the layout characteristics and improve the model's generalization capabilities, an autoencoder (AE) was pre-trained to encode the planar layout images of teaching building clusters into feature vectors, which were then employed for training an ANN model. In the testing dataset, the AE-ANN model demonstrated impressive accuracy, achieving R² values of 0.946 for sDA and 0.853 for ASE, alongside MSE values of 0.312 and 0.656. This research investigated the feasibility of the AE-based model for predicting daylighting performance of large-scale scenarios, highlighting its potential as a fundamental model for the development of more intricate daylighting prediction models.

【摘要翻译】

深度学习（DL）已被证明是预测建筑日照性能的有效工具，通常仅利用一些简单的设计参数作为输入变量进行分析。除了现有的研究外，探索如何描述具有空间关系的大型对象的方法，可能有助于理解布局对建筑整体日照性能的影响。在本研究中，基于“自编码器特征提取与人工神经网络（AE-ANN）”框架开发了一个DL模型，以预测教学楼群的日照性能。为了有效提取布局特征并提高模型的泛化能力，首先对教学楼群的平面布局图像进行了自编码器（AE）预训练，将其编码为特征向量，然后用于训练ANN模型。在测试数据集中，AE-ANN模型表现出令人印象深刻的准确性，对于sDA和ASE的R²值分别达到了0.946和0.853，MSE值分别为0.312和0.656。这项研究探讨了基于AE的模型在预测大规模场景日照性能方面的可行性，突出了其作为开发更复杂日照预测模型的基础模型的潜力。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105821

【作者信息】

Jianhe Luo, 华南理工大学建筑学院//亚热带建筑与城市科学国家重点实验室，广州，中国

Zulin Zhuang, 华南理工大学建筑学院//亚热带建筑与城市科学国家重点实验室，广州，中国

Yu Bian, 华南理工大学建筑学院//亚热带建筑与城市科学国家重点实验室，广州，中国

Bangbin Wu, vivo移动通信有限公司，杭州，中国

Ganglin Liang，深圳先进技术研究院劳特布尔生物医学成像研究中心，中国科学院，深圳，中国；中国科学院大学深圳先进技术学院，北京，中国

论文76

Impacts of urban block form on carbon and pollutant emissions from urban life in China from the perspective of regional differences

从区域差异的角度分析城市街区形态对中国城市生活中碳排放和污染物排放的影响

更正：“基于神经网络和自编码器对粤港澳大湾区及周边城市的CO₂排放进行建模和时空分析” [可持续城市与社会，卷103，2024年4月，105254]

【摘要】

Air pollution emissions (PE) and carbon emissions (CE) pose significant challenges to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) globally. The intensity of urban block development and spatial form can influence the relationship between PE and CE. This study analyzed 11,228 neighborhood samples from various climate zones across China using spatial statistics and an optimized random forest model to examine the impact of block spatial form on PE and CE. The findings reveal that: (1) The PE–CE correlation in non-first-tier city blocks in southern China is stronger than in those in northern China. The correlation is strongest in urban neighborhoods located in temperate climates. Additionally, the PE–CE correlation is weakest in Beijing and Shanghai. (2) The variation in explanatory power of different driving factors is more pronounced for CE than for PE, with PR, NDVI, and AH emerging as the most significant factors. (3) The synergy between PE and CE is strongest when BD is in the 20 %-30 % range. Similarly, the synergy is strongest when PR is in the 2–3 range. (4) BD in the 40 %-60 % range is most effective in reducing PE and CE, with 40 %-50 % range favoring CE reduction and 50 %-60 % range favoring PE reduction.

【摘要翻译】

空气污染排放（PE）和碳排放（CE）在全球实现可持续发展目标（SDGs）方面构成了重大挑战。城市街区的发展强度和空间形态会影响PE和CE之间的关系。本研究利用空间统计和优化的随机森林模型分析了中国不同气候区的11,228个邻里样本，以探讨街区空间形态对PE和CE的影响。研究结果显示：（1）在中国南方的非一线城市街区，PE和CE的相关性强于北方街区；而在温带气候的城市邻里中，相关性最强。此外，北京和上海的PE与CE相关性最弱。（2）不同驱动因素的解释力变化在CE中更为明显，PR、NDVI和AH成为最重要的因素。（3）当建筑密度（BD）在20%-30%范围内时，PE与CE之间的协同效应最强。同样，当PR在2-3范围内时，协同效应也最强。（4）建筑密度在40%-60%范围内最有效地减少PE和CE，其中40%-50%范围有利于CE减少，而50%-60%范围则有利于PE减少。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105849

【作者信息】

Wei Wang, 合肥工业大学建筑与艺术学院，中国安徽省合肥市230601；安徽省数字化保护与古徽州村落创新复兴重点实验室，中国安徽省合肥市230601

Wenshan Su，安徽建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院，中国安徽省合肥市230601