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Elasticsearch学习

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前言

本文我们要讲述：
Elasticsearch；
Kibana
在下攸攸太上，我每次写代码必定是班里最快的。

---

一、Elasticsearch、Kibana介绍

Elasticsearch和Kibana都是由Elastic公司提供的开源工具，用于处理和可视化数据。

1. Elasticsearch

Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene的分布式搜索和分析引擎。它被设计用于快速、可扩展地搜索、分析和存储大量数据。

2. Elasticsearch特点

分布式架构：可以水平扩展以处理大规模数据，并提供高可用性和容错性。
实时搜索：支持对数据的实时索引和搜索，适用于实时应用程序和分析场景。
多种数据类型支持：可以处理结构化、半结构化和非结构化数据，包括文本、地理空间数据等。
强大的查询语言：支持复杂的查询和聚合操作，提供灵活的搜索和分析功能。

3. Kibana

Kibana是一个用于数据可视化和管理的开源工具，通常与Elasticsearch配合使用。

4. Kibana特点

数据可视化：提供丰富的图表、地图和仪表板构建功能，用于展示和分析Elasticsearch中的数据。
实时监控：可以实时监控数据、查询性能和系统指标。
用户友好的界面：提供直观的用户界面，使用户可以轻松地创建和定制数据可视化和仪表板。
集成Elastic Stack：与Elasticsearch、Logstash和Beats等工具无缝集成，构建完整的数据处理和可视化解决方案。
总的来说，Elasticsearch和Kibana通常结合使用，Elasticsearch用于存储和分析数据，而Kibana用于可视化和管理这些数据，为用户提供了强大的数据处理和可视化能力。

二、Elasticsearch、Kibana安装

1. 下载镜像

docker pull elasticsearch:7.6.2
docker pull kibana:7.6.2

漫长的等待后：

2. 创建路径

创建/usr/local/docker/es路径和其下config和data两个文件夹

3. 分配权限

cd /usr/local/docker/es/
ll
chmod -R 777 /usr/local/docker/es/
chmod -R 777 /usr/local/docker/es/config
chmod -R 777 /usr/local/docker/es/data

4. 添加访问权限

echo "http.host: 0.0.0.0" > /usr/local/docker/es/config/elasticsearch.yml

我们打开elasticsearch.yml进行查看

写入成功

5. 启动Elasticsearch

docker run --name es -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 \
-e "discovery.type=single-node" \
-e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" \
-v /usr/local/docker/es/config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml \
-v /usr/local/docker/es/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data \
-v /usr/local/docker/es/plugins:/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins \
-d elasticsearch:7.6.2

6. 访问Elasticsearch

http://192.168.43.143:9200/
访问网址查看版本信息

{
  "name" : "d33a8f9523dc",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "Gzf3tkYRRyuHlkSiBzkQyA",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.6.2",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "docker",
    "build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
    "build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.4.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

7. 启动Kibana

docker run --name kibana -e ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=http://192.168.43.143:9200 -p 5601:5601 -d kibana:7.6.2

三、Elasticsearch、Kibana使用

http://192.168.43.143:5601
可能出现Kibana Is Not Ready Yet字样，无需慌乱，闲暇片刻，喝喝水，溜溜神，回神后再次刷新，即可出现如下界面

点击上图Try our sample data按钮

点击左下角【≡+】（哈哈，赛博拟声词！）

点击Dev Tools，在弹出的页面里点击Dismiss
将如下代码写入左侧文本框

# 增  /student/_doc/1  student是表名，_doc是文档类型的记录，1是主键的值；
POST /student/_doc/1
{
  "id":"1",
  "name":"张三",
  "age":21,
  "scoreList":[
    {"id":"1","name":"数学", "score":95},
    {"id":"2","name":"语文", "score":98},
    {"id":"3","name":"外语", "score":90}
  ]
}

POST /student/_doc/2
{
  "id":"2",
  "name":"李四",
  "age":22,
  "scoreList":[
    {"id":"4","name":"数学", "score":85},
    {"id":"5","name":"语文", "score":88},
    {"id":"6","name":"外语", "score":80}
  ]
}

POST /student/_doc/3
{
  "id":"3",
  "name":"王五",
  "age":23,
  "scoreList":[
    {"id":"7","name":"数学", "score":75},
    {"id":"8","name":"语文", "score":78},
    {"id":"9","name":"外语", "score":70}
  ]
}

# 查
GET /student/_doc/3
# 查所有
GET /student/_search    

# 改
PUT /student/_doc/3
{
  "id":"3",
  "name":"王六",
  "age":26,
  "scoreList":[
    {"id":"7","name":"数学", "score":65},
    {"id":"8","name":"语文", "score":78},
    {"id":"9","name":"外语", "score":70}
  ]
}

# 删
DELETE /student/_doc/3

将鼠标放在第二行会出现两个按钮
点击运行（click to send request）按钮

四、Elasticsearch实现

1. 创建Maven项目

项目结构：

2. 导入依赖

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.6.13</spring-boot.version>
        <jwt.version>0.7.0</jwt.version>
        <fastjson.version>1.2.60</fastjson.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.0.3.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-session-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
            <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
                    <artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
            <version>7.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
            <artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
            <version>7.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-web-servlet</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- feign -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--json-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>${fastjson.version}</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <classifier>exec</classifier>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
        <!--2.资源拷贝的插件 -->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.yml</include>
                    <include>**/*.html</include>
                    <include>**/*.js</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

3. 创建EsConfig配置类

package com.jjy.config;

import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClientBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class EsConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient() {
        RestClientBuilder restClientBuilder = RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("192.168.1.101", 9200, "http"));
        return new RestHighLevelClient(restClientBuilder);
    }
}

4. 创建Score实体类

package com.jjy.entry;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.ToString;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString
@Component
public class Score {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private Double score;
}

5. 创建Student实体类

package com.jjy.entry;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.ToString;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.List;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString
@Component
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String id;
    private List<Score> scoreList;
}

6. 创建EsApplication启动类

package com.jjy;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class EsApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EsApplication.class, args);
    }
}

7. 创建EsTest测试类

package com.jjy.test;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.jjy.EsApplication;
import com.jjy.entry.Score;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.TermQueryBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
import com.jjy.entry.Student;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = EsApplication.class)
public class EsTest {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

    /**
     * 保存数据
     */
    @Test
    public void save() throws IOException {
        /*student相当于表名，将数据保存到哪里*/
        IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("student");
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setAge(20);
        student.setId("5");
        student.setName("钱六");
        Score score1 = new Score();
        score1.setName("数学");
        score1.setScore(89.0);
        score1.setId("shuxue");
        Score score2 = new Score();
        score2.setName("语文");
        score2.setScore(121.0);
        score2.setId("yuwen");
        Score score3 = new Score();
        score3.setName("外语");
        score3.setScore(124.0);
        score3.setId("waiyu");
        List<Score> scoreList = new ArrayList<>();
        scoreList.add(score1);
        scoreList.add(score2);
        scoreList.add(score3);
        student.setScoreList(scoreList);
        /*保存数据也是向es发送了rest请求，保存需要一个json的数据，将对象转化成JSON串*/
        String studentJson = JSON.toJSONString(student);
        indexRequest.source(studentJson, XContentType.JSON);
        IndexResponse response = client.index(indexRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response);
    }

    /**
     * 查询数据
     */
    @Test
    public void select() throws IOException {
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        /*查询的字段要加上keyword，表示按照数据中这个字段值查询，不加就查询不到；id主键除外！*/
        TermQueryBuilder termQuery = QueryBuilders.termQuery("name.keyword", "张三");
        searchSourceBuilder.query(termQuery);
        searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse search = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(search);
    }

}

8. 创建application.properties配置文件

spring.application.name=elasticsearch

9. 创建application.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 100

10. 创建bootstrap.yml配置文件

spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.43.143:8848
      config:
        server-addr: 192.168.43.143:8848 #
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: 7e56a725-f51a-4603-b421-49add0ae9c4b # 命名空间ID，粘贴复制过来即可。
        shared-configs:
          - data-id: redissession1.yaml    # 配置详情内：Data ID，粘贴复制过来即可。
            group: DEFAULT_GROUP           # 配置详情内：Group 粘贴复制过来即可。
    inetutils:
      preferred-networks: 192.168.56 # 服务管理内，public内点击详情，可以查看，需要项目启动后能查看，一般默认192.168.56

11. 启动虚拟机环境

需要启动nacos和redis

12. 测试运行

---

总结

本文讲述了：
Elasticsearch：用于存储分析数据；
Kibana：用于可视化使用Elasticsearch
在下攸攸太上，你们可能忘了，但我依然是ൠ♄§星的外星人。