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前言

文都考研 - 英语 - 雷老师

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句字的成分

• 主
  • def: 动作的发出者
  • 形式: n., v.-ing, to do, the adj., subj. clause, pron, num.
• 谓
  • def: subj. 发出的状态
  • 分类：系动词
    • be 动词
    • 感官 v.
    • 表象系动词（seem appear）
    • 保持系动词（keep stay lie remain stand）
    • 变化系动词（In Stardew autumn, leaves turn red come）
    • 终止系动词（prove）

项目	Value	----	----
be	$1600		----
$12		----
do	$1		----

Column 1	Column 2
centered 文本居中	right-aligned 文本居右

• 复合谓语

  • aux.v. (do does did) + v.
    • e.g. I do love you.
  • modal. v. + v.
    • modal. v. :can/could may/might shall/should will/would must dare ought to need
    • e.g. We should conserve the environment
  • 半助动词 + v. (?wtf)
    • e.g. He is likely to win. 谓语 = is likely to

• 宾语

  • def:动作的直接对象
  • 能做主语的成分也能做宾语

• 表语

  • def:主语的状态或性质，一般位于系动词之后，一般由 n. pron. adj. 不定式 等充当
  • e.g. Allen's contribution was to take an assumption //that we all share.

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修饰成分：定状补同

• 定

  • def:修饰限定名词，一般由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语等充当

  • 前置定语

    • adj.
    • v.-ing a developing country the remaining 30$
    • v.-ed some developed economies(economies≈countries) (fallen leaves)
    • pron.

  • 后置定语

    • def: 以短语为主
    • adj. phrase as it(a basket full of sand This is a factor privotal to our success)
    • prep. phrase(Student in the classroom people in/on the street staff under the age of 40)
    • v.-ing phrase(a young folk wandering in the street)
    • v.-ed phrase(a meal cooked by me)
    • to do(不定式) as attribute(He got a chance to go abroad)

  • attribute clause

    • v.-ing phrase(a young folk wandering in the street)
    • v.-ed phrase(Seen from the distance, he might look handsome)
    • to do(不定式) as attribute(I'm writing this letter to appreciate you for your generous help.)
    • prep. phrase(We are studying【in the classroom】.)
• 状语从句(adverbial modifier clause)
  • If you study hard, you will succeed.
• 补
• 同位

一、常规句型

简单句（5 种）

1. 定义：句子中只包含 一套主谓结构 的句子。（一个句子只能有一个谓语动词）

2. 分类

• 主谓
  • (2006, GEE) Small species survived. (不及物动词。及：跟随；物：对象。e.g. run jump swim fly)
• 主谓宾
  • She has social phobia.
• 主系表
  • She is a people person. = She is sociable.
  • He is a dog person = He likes dog.
  • Tom is a rare bird. = He is a maverick.
• 主谓双宾
  • He gave **me** a **dog**.（口诀：人间物直）（人是间接 obj., 物是直接 obj.）
• 主谓宾宾补
  • You make me delighted.
  • They call me Tom.
  • They related me a story (relate = told)

并列句（由关联词组成）（3 种）

基本结构：词组 + 并列连词 + 词组

并列连词

• and
• or
• both…and…
• either…or…
• neither…nor…

基本结构：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句

• 并列连词：
  • and
  • but
  • or
  • while(inside sentence)
  • for
  • so
  • neither
  • nor

e.g.

• Money may not buy happiness, but people【in wealthier countries】are generally happier.

主从复合句（3 类）

def：

• 主句定义：表达句子的主要信息 - 主干（5 种简单句式）
• 从句定义：从属于主句，对主句起到 修饰限定 & 解释说明的作用

–名词性从句（4 种）（导学stage）

• 主语从句
• 宾语从句
• 表语从句
• 同位语从句

–形容词性从句（定语从句：2 种，限定性从句、非限定性从句）

• 限定性定语从句
• 非限定性定语从句
• e.g.
  • I will call my friend who is in London.（更多地用来修饰）
  • I will call my father, who is in London.（对主句进行解释/增补）

副词性从句（状语从句：9种，时间 地点 目的，结果，方式，原因，条件，让步，比较）

二、特殊结构（基础阶段）

1. 倒装结构

• e.g. In the classroom are sitting many students.

2. 否定结构

• 否定转移
• e.g. I don't love you because you are gorgeous = I do love you **not because** you are gorgeous
• 爱你不是因为你的美。

3. 强调句（“正是…”）

• It is the man who assisted me a lot.

4. 虚拟语气

• If I were you, ...

5. 比较结构

• I'm more a teacher than an interpreter

6. 省略结构

• In England, death is pressing; in Canada inevitable; in California optional.
• 省略相同的主语，谓语

三、长难句的分析方法

1. 去掉插入语（双逗号，双破折号之间的内容）

2. 去掉修饰成分（定语，状语）

• 目的：去修饰，留主干

例子

origional:

• It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader unfer the age if forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.

cutted:

• It is difficult 【to the point of impossibility】【for the average reader under the age if forty】to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.

语法的作用

阅读（做 -）

写作（做 +）

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总结

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参考文献

[1]

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