场景
- 在开发
Cocoa程序时，由于界面是用Objective-C写的。无法使用C++的目标观察者[1]类。如果是使用第二种方案2[2],那么也需要增加一个代理类。那么有没有更省事的办法？
说明
-
开发界面的时候，经常是需要在子界面里传递数据给主界面，主界面获得数据后跟业务逻辑交互。目前子界面和主界面的数据交互目前使用发布订阅（观察者模式）的设计模式是比较好的，因为它可以让两个界面解耦合。
-
之前说过在
Cocoa程序里，可以使用NSNotificationCenter通知中心发布接收消息注意事项来作为消息传递的观察者实现。这里要强调一个问题，就是NSNotificationCenter注册的观察者必须要设置接收对象，也就是以下的object参数。如果参数设置为nil，当有多个地方注册同样的观察者时，目标如果发送MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor消息，所有的观察者都有接收到这个消息，会导致该消息执行多次。特别是以下代码self对象是多个实例时。
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(recvNotificationMessage:) name:@(MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor) object:subject];
- 发送
MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor消息, 注意要指定object参数值。
-(IBAction)onChange:(id)sender
{
static int mod = 1;
if(mod++ % 2){
NSColor* color = [NSColor colorWithSRGBRed:255/255.0 green:255/255.0 blue:255/255.0 alpha:1];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@(MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor) object:self userInfo:@{@"color":color}];
}else{
NSColor* color = [NSColor colorWithSRGBRed:240/255.0 green:122/255.0 blue:55/255.0 alpha:1];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@(MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor) object:view1_ userInfo:@{@"color":color}];
}
}
例子
- 以下例子说明如何创建响应指定目标的观察者。点击两次
Change按钮会依次更改子视图1和2的背景色，而它们发送的是同样的消息。
AppDelegate.h
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
#import "MyView.h"
@interface AppDelegate : NSObject <NSApplicationDelegate>
{
IBOutlet MyView* view1_;
IBOutlet MyView* view2_;
}
-(IBAction)onChange:(id)sender;
-(IBAction)onReset:(id)sender;
@end
AppDelegate.mm
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#include "platform.h"
@interface AppDelegate ()
@property (weak) IBOutlet NSWindow *window;
@end
@implementation AppDelegate
-(void)changeBackgroundColor:(NSView*)view withColor:(NSColor*)color1
{
[view setWantsLayer:YES];
CGColorSpaceRef space = [[color1 colorSpace] CGColorSpace];
CGFloat components[] ={color1.redComponent,color1.greenComponent,color1.blueComponent,color1.alphaComponent};
CGColorRef color_ref = CGColorCreate(space,components);
[[view layer] setBackgroundColor:color_ref];
CGColorRelease(color_ref);
}
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification {
// Insert code here to initialize your application
[self onReset:nil];
[view1_ registerObserver:self]; // 只接收来自self的消息
[view2_ registerObserver:view1_]; // 只接收来自view1的消息
}
- (void)applicationWillTerminate:(NSNotification *)aNotification {
// Insert code here to tear down your application
}
-(IBAction)onChange:(id)sender
{
static int mod = 1;
if(mod++ % 2){
NSColor* color = [NSColor colorWithSRGBRed:255/255.0 green:255/255.0 blue:255/255.0 alpha:1];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@(MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor) object:self userInfo:@{@"color":color}];
}else{
NSColor* color = [NSColor colorWithSRGBRed:240/255.0 green:122/255.0 blue:55/255.0 alpha:1];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@(MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor) object:view1_ userInfo:@{@"color":color}];
}
}
-(IBAction)onReset:(id)sender
{
[self changeBackgroundColor:view1_ withColor:[NSColor redColor]];
[self changeBackgroundColor:view2_ withColor:[NSColor blueColor]];
}
@end
MyView.h
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface MyView : NSView
-(void)registerObserver:(id __nullable)subject;
-(void)removeObserver:(id)subject;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
MyView.mm
#import "MyView.h"
#include "platform.h"
@implementation MyView
- (void)drawRect:(NSRect)dirtyRect {
[super drawRect:dirtyRect];
// Drawing code here.
}
-(void)changeBackgroundColor:(NSView*)view withColor:(NSColor*)color1
{
[view setWantsLayer:YES];
CGColorSpaceRef space = [[color1 colorSpace] CGColorSpace];
CGFloat components[] ={color1.redComponent,color1.greenComponent,color1.blueComponent,color1.alphaComponent};
CGColorRef color_ref = CGColorCreate(space,components);
[[view layer] setBackgroundColor:color_ref];
CGColorRelease(color_ref);
}
-(void)recvNotificationMessage:(NSNotification*) notification
{
if([notification.name compare:@(MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor)] == NSOrderedSame){
NSDictionary* dict = notification.userInfo;
NSColor* color = [dict objectForKey:@"color"];
[self changeBackgroundColor:self withColor:color];
}
}
-(void)registerObserver:(id)subject
{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(recvNotificationMessage:) name:@(MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor) object:subject];
}
-(void)removeObserver:(id)subject
{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self name:@(MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor) object:subject];
}
-(void)awakeFromNib
{
}
@end
platform.h
#ifndef platform_h
#define platform_h
#define MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor "MyNotificationChangeBackgroundColor"
#endif /* platform_h */
main.m
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
return NSApplicationMain(argc, argv);
}
MainMenu.xib
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.Cocoa.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="14460.31" targetRuntime="MacOSX.Cocoa" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" customObjectInstantitationMethod="direct">
<dependencies>
<plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.CocoaPlugin" version="14460.31"/>
<capability name="documents saved in the Xcode 8 format" minToolsVersion="8.0"/>
</dependencies>
<objects>
<customObject id="-2" userLabel="File's Owner" customClass="NSApplication">
<connections>
<outlet property="delegate" destination="Voe-Tx-rLC" id="GzC-gU-4Uq"/>
</connections>
</customObject>
<customObject id="-1" userLabel="First Responder" customClass="FirstResponder"/>
<customObject id="-3" userLabel="Application"/>
<customObject id="Voe-Tx-rLC" customClass="AppDelegate">
<connections>
<outlet property="view1_" destination="Gxg-KB-hXo" id="0fI-03-3v8"/>
<outlet property="view2_" destination="4YQ-ZK-Q0W" id="4bZ-O9-7Dg"/>
<outlet property="window" destination="QvC-M9-y7g" id="gIp-Ho-8D9"/>
</connections>
</customObject>
<customObject id="YLy-65-1bz" customClass="NSFontManager"/>
<menu title="Main Menu" systemMenu="main" id="AYu-sK-qS6">
<items>
<menuItem title="NotificationTest" id="1Xt-HY-uBw">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="NotificationTest" systemMenu="apple" id="uQy-DD-JDr">
<items>
<menuItem title="About NotificationTest" id="5kV-Vb-QxS">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="orderFrontStandardAboutPanel:" target="-1" id="Exp-CZ-Vem"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="VOq-y0-SEH"/>
<menuItem title="Preferences…" keyEquivalent="," id="BOF-NM-1cW"/>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="wFC-TO-SCJ"/>
<menuItem title="Services" id="NMo-om-nkz">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Services" systemMenu="services" id="hz9-B4-Xy5"/>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="4je-JR-u6R"/>
<menuItem title="Hide NotificationTest" keyEquivalent="h" id="Olw-nP-bQN">
<connections>
<action selector="hide:" target="-1" id="PnN-Uc-m68"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Hide Others" keyEquivalent="h" id="Vdr-fp-XzO">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="hideOtherApplications:" target="-1" id="VT4-aY-XCT"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Show All" id="Kd2-mp-pUS">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="unhideAllApplications:" target="-1" id="Dhg-Le-xox"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="kCx-OE-vgT"/>
<menuItem title="Quit NotificationTest" keyEquivalent="q" id="4sb-4s-VLi">
<connections>
<action selector="terminate:" target="-1" id="Te7-pn-YzF"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="File" id="dMs-cI-mzQ">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="File" id="bib-Uj-vzu">
<items>
<menuItem title="New" keyEquivalent="n" id="Was-JA-tGl">
<connections>
<action selector="newDocument:" target="-1" id="4Si-XN-c54"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Open…" keyEquivalent="o" id="IAo-SY-fd9">
<connections>
<action selector="openDocument:" target="-1" id="bVn-NM-KNZ"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Open Recent" id="tXI-mr-wws">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Open Recent" systemMenu="recentDocuments" id="oas-Oc-fiZ">
<items>
<menuItem title="Clear Menu" id="vNY-rz-j42">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="clearRecentDocuments:" target="-1" id="Daa-9d-B3U"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="m54-Is-iLE"/>
<menuItem title="Close" keyEquivalent="w" id="DVo-aG-piG">
<connections>
<action selector="performClose:" target="-1" id="HmO-Ls-i7Q"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Save…" keyEquivalent="s" id="pxx-59-PXV">
<connections>
<action selector="saveDocument:" target="-1" id="teZ-XB-qJY"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Save As…" keyEquivalent="S" id="Bw7-FT-i3A">
<connections>
<action selector="saveDocumentAs:" target="-1" id="mDf-zr-I0C"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Revert to Saved" keyEquivalent="r" id="KaW-ft-85H">
<connections>
<action selector="revertDocumentToSaved:" target="-1" id="iJ3-Pv-kwq"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="aJh-i4-bef"/>
<menuItem title="Page Setup…" keyEquivalent="P" id="qIS-W8-SiK">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" shift="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="runPageLayout:" target="-1" id="Din-rz-gC5"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Print…" keyEquivalent="p" id="aTl-1u-JFS">
<connections>
<action selector="print:" target="-1" id="qaZ-4w-aoO"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Edit" id="5QF-Oa-p0T">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Edit" id="W48-6f-4Dl">
<items>
<menuItem title="Undo" keyEquivalent="z" id="dRJ-4n-Yzg">
<connections>
<action selector="undo:" target="-1" id="M6e-cu-g7V"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Redo" keyEquivalent="Z" id="6dh-zS-Vam">
<connections>
<action selector="redo:" target="-1" id="oIA-Rs-6OD"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="WRV-NI-Exz"/>
<menuItem title="Cut" keyEquivalent="x" id="uRl-iY-unG">
<connections>
<action selector="cut:" target="-1" id="YJe-68-I9s"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Copy" keyEquivalent="c" id="x3v-GG-iWU">
<connections>
<action selector="copy:" target="-1" id="G1f-GL-Joy"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Paste" keyEquivalent="v" id="gVA-U4-sdL">
<connections>
<action selector="paste:" target="-1" id="UvS-8e-Qdg"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Paste and Match Style" keyEquivalent="V" id="WeT-3V-zwk">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="pasteAsPlainText:" target="-1" id="cEh-KX-wJQ"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Delete" id="pa3-QI-u2k">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="delete:" target="-1" id="0Mk-Ml-PaM"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Select All" keyEquivalent="a" id="Ruw-6m-B2m">
<connections>
<action selector="selectAll:" target="-1" id="VNm-Mi-diN"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="uyl-h8-XO2"/>
<menuItem title="Find" id="4EN-yA-p0u">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Find" id="1b7-l0-nxx">
<items>
<menuItem title="Find…" tag="1" keyEquivalent="f" id="Xz5-n4-O0W">
<connections>
<action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="cD7-Qs-BN4"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Find and Replace…" tag="12" keyEquivalent="f" id="YEy-JH-Tfz">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="WD3-Gg-5AJ"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Find Next" tag="2" keyEquivalent="g" id="q09-fT-Sye">
<connections>
<action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="NDo-RZ-v9R"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Find Previous" tag="3" keyEquivalent="G" id="OwM-mh-QMV">
<connections>
<action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="HOh-sY-3ay"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Use Selection for Find" tag="7" keyEquivalent="e" id="buJ-ug-pKt">
<connections>
<action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="U76-nv-p5D"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Jump to Selection" keyEquivalent="j" id="S0p-oC-mLd">
<connections>
<action selector="centerSelectionInVisibleArea:" target="-1" id="IOG-6D-g5B"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Spelling and Grammar" id="Dv1-io-Yv7">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Spelling" id="3IN-sU-3Bg">
<items>
<menuItem title="Show Spelling and Grammar" keyEquivalent=":" id="HFo-cy-zxI">
<connections>
<action selector="showGuessPanel:" target="-1" id="vFj-Ks-hy3"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Check Document Now" keyEquivalent=";" id="hz2-CU-CR7">
<connections>
<action selector="checkSpelling:" target="-1" id="fz7-VC-reM"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="bNw-od-mp5"/>
<menuItem title="Check Spelling While Typing" id="rbD-Rh-wIN">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleContinuousSpellChecking:" target="-1" id="7w6-Qz-0kB"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Check Grammar With Spelling" id="mK6-2p-4JG">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleGrammarChecking:" target="-1" id="muD-Qn-j4w"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Correct Spelling Automatically" id="78Y-hA-62v">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleAutomaticSpellingCorrection:" target="-1" id="2lM-Qi-WAP"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Substitutions" id="9ic-FL-obx">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Substitutions" id="FeM-D8-WVr">
<items>
<menuItem title="Show Substitutions" id="z6F-FW-3nz">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="orderFrontSubstitutionsPanel:" target="-1" id="oku-mr-iSq"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="gPx-C9-uUO"/>
<menuItem title="Smart Copy/Paste" id="9yt-4B-nSM">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleSmartInsertDelete:" target="-1" id="3IJ-Se-DZD"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Smart Quotes" id="hQb-2v-fYv">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleAutomaticQuoteSubstitution:" target="-1" id="ptq-xd-QOA"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Smart Dashes" id="rgM-f4-ycn">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleAutomaticDashSubstitution:" target="-1" id="oCt-pO-9gS"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Smart Links" id="cwL-P1-jid">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleAutomaticLinkDetection:" target="-1" id="Gip-E3-Fov"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Data Detectors" id="tRr-pd-1PS">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleAutomaticDataDetection:" target="-1" id="R1I-Nq-Kbl"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Text Replacement" id="HFQ-gK-NFA">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleAutomaticTextReplacement:" target="-1" id="DvP-Fe-Py6"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Transformations" id="2oI-Rn-ZJC">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Transformations" id="c8a-y6-VQd">
<items>
<menuItem title="Make Upper Case" id="vmV-6d-7jI">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="uppercaseWord:" target="-1" id="sPh-Tk-edu"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Make Lower Case" id="d9M-CD-aMd">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="lowercaseWord:" target="-1" id="iUZ-b5-hil"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Capitalize" id="UEZ-Bs-lqG">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="capitalizeWord:" target="-1" id="26H-TL-nsh"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Speech" id="xrE-MZ-jX0">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Speech" id="3rS-ZA-NoH">
<items>
<menuItem title="Start Speaking" id="Ynk-f8-cLZ">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="startSpeaking:" target="-1" id="654-Ng-kyl"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Stop Speaking" id="Oyz-dy-DGm">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="stopSpeaking:" target="-1" id="dX8-6p-jy9"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Format" id="jxT-CU-nIS">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Format" id="GEO-Iw-cKr">
<items>
<menuItem title="Font" id="Gi5-1S-RQB">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Font" systemMenu="font" id="aXa-aM-Jaq">
<items>
<menuItem title="Show Fonts" keyEquivalent="t" id="Q5e-8K-NDq">
<connections>
<action selector="orderFrontFontPanel:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="WHr-nq-2xA"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Bold" tag="2" keyEquivalent="b" id="GB9-OM-e27">
<connections>
<action selector="addFontTrait:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="hqk-hr-sYV"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Italic" tag="1" keyEquivalent="i" id="Vjx-xi-njq">
<connections>
<action selector="addFontTrait:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="IHV-OB-c03"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Underline" keyEquivalent="u" id="WRG-CD-K1S">
<connections>
<action selector="underline:" target="-1" id="FYS-2b-JAY"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="5gT-KC-WSO"/>
<menuItem title="Bigger" tag="3" keyEquivalent="+" id="Ptp-SP-VEL">
<connections>
<action selector="modifyFont:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="Uc7-di-UnL"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Smaller" tag="4" keyEquivalent="-" id="i1d-Er-qST">
<connections>
<action selector="modifyFont:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="HcX-Lf-eNd"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="kx3-Dk-x3B"/>
<menuItem title="Kern" id="jBQ-r6-VK2">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Kern" id="tlD-Oa-oAM">
<items>
<menuItem title="Use Default" id="GUa-eO-cwY">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="useStandardKerning:" target="-1" id="6dk-9l-Ckg"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Use None" id="cDB-IK-hbR">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="turnOffKerning:" target="-1" id="U8a-gz-Maa"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Tighten" id="46P-cB-AYj">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="tightenKerning:" target="-1" id="hr7-Nz-8ro"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Loosen" id="ogc-rX-tC1">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="loosenKerning:" target="-1" id="8i4-f9-FKE"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Ligatures" id="o6e-r0-MWq">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Ligatures" id="w0m-vy-SC9">
<items>
<menuItem title="Use Default" id="agt-UL-0e3">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="useStandardLigatures:" target="-1" id="7uR-wd-Dx6"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Use None" id="J7y-lM-qPV">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="turnOffLigatures:" target="-1" id="iX2-gA-Ilz"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Use All" id="xQD-1f-W4t">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="useAllLigatures:" target="-1" id="KcB-kA-TuK"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Baseline" id="OaQ-X3-Vso">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Baseline" id="ijk-EB-dga">
<items>
<menuItem title="Use Default" id="3Om-Ey-2VK">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="unscript:" target="-1" id="0vZ-95-Ywn"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Superscript" id="Rqc-34-cIF">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="superscript:" target="-1" id="3qV-fo-wpU"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Subscript" id="I0S-gh-46l">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="subscript:" target="-1" id="Q6W-4W-IGz"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Raise" id="2h7-ER-AoG">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="raiseBaseline:" target="-1" id="4sk-31-7Q9"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Lower" id="1tx-W0-xDw">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="lowerBaseline:" target="-1" id="OF1-bc-KW4"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="Ndw-q3-faq"/>
<menuItem title="Show Colors" keyEquivalent="C" id="bgn-CT-cEk">
<connections>
<action selector="orderFrontColorPanel:" target="-1" id="mSX-Xz-DV3"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="iMs-zA-UFJ"/>
<menuItem title="Copy Style" keyEquivalent="c" id="5Vv-lz-BsD">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="copyFont:" target="-1" id="GJO-xA-L4q"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Paste Style" keyEquivalent="v" id="vKC-jM-MkH">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="pasteFont:" target="-1" id="JfD-CL-leO"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Text" id="Fal-I4-PZk">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Text" id="d9c-me-L2H">
<items>
<menuItem title="Align Left" keyEquivalent="{" id="ZM1-6Q-yy1">
<connections>
<action selector="alignLeft:" target="-1" id="zUv-R1-uAa"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Center" keyEquivalent="|" id="VIY-Ag-zcb">
<connections>
<action selector="alignCenter:" target="-1" id="spX-mk-kcS"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Justify" id="J5U-5w-g23">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="alignJustified:" target="-1" id="ljL-7U-jND"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Align Right" keyEquivalent="}" id="wb2-vD-lq4">
<connections>
<action selector="alignRight:" target="-1" id="r48-bG-YeY"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="4s2-GY-VfK"/>
<menuItem title="Writing Direction" id="H1b-Si-o9J">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Writing Direction" id="8mr-sm-Yjd">
<items>
<menuItem title="Paragraph" enabled="NO" id="ZvO-Gk-QUH">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
</menuItem>
<menuItem id="YGs-j5-SAR">
<string key="title"> Default</string>
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="makeBaseWritingDirectionNatural:" target="-1" id="qtV-5e-UBP"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem id="Lbh-J2-qVU">
<string key="title"> Left to Right</string>
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="makeBaseWritingDirectionLeftToRight:" target="-1" id="S0X-9S-QSf"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem id="jFq-tB-4Kx">
<string key="title"> Right to Left</string>
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="makeBaseWritingDirectionRightToLeft:" target="-1" id="5fk-qB-AqJ"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="swp-gr-a21"/>
<menuItem title="Selection" enabled="NO" id="cqv-fj-IhA">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
</menuItem>
<menuItem id="Nop-cj-93Q">
<string key="title"> Default</string>
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="makeTextWritingDirectionNatural:" target="-1" id="lPI-Se-ZHp"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem id="BgM-ve-c93">
<string key="title"> Left to Right</string>
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="makeTextWritingDirectionLeftToRight:" target="-1" id="caW-Bv-w94"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem id="RB4-Sm-HuC">
<string key="title"> Right to Left</string>
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="makeTextWritingDirectionRightToLeft:" target="-1" id="EXD-6r-ZUu"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="fKy-g9-1gm"/>
<menuItem title="Show Ruler" id="vLm-3I-IUL">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleRuler:" target="-1" id="FOx-HJ-KwY"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Copy Ruler" keyEquivalent="c" id="MkV-Pr-PK5">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="copyRuler:" target="-1" id="71i-fW-3W2"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Paste Ruler" keyEquivalent="v" id="LVM-kO-fVI">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="pasteRuler:" target="-1" id="cSh-wd-qM2"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="View" id="H8h-7b-M4v">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="View" id="HyV-fh-RgO">
<items>
<menuItem title="Show Toolbar" keyEquivalent="t" id="snW-S8-Cw5">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleToolbarShown:" target="-1" id="BXY-wc-z0C"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Customize Toolbar…" id="1UK-8n-QPP">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="runToolbarCustomizationPalette:" target="-1" id="pQI-g3-MTW"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="hB3-LF-h0Y"/>
<menuItem title="Show Sidebar" keyEquivalent="s" id="kIP-vf-haE">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleSourceList:" target="-1" id="iwa-gc-5KM"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Enter Full Screen" keyEquivalent="f" id="4J7-dP-txa">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
<connections>
<action selector="toggleFullScreen:" target="-1" id="dU3-MA-1Rq"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Window" id="aUF-d1-5bR">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Window" systemMenu="window" id="Td7-aD-5lo">
<items>
<menuItem title="Minimize" keyEquivalent="m" id="OY7-WF-poV">
<connections>
<action selector="performMiniaturize:" target="-1" id="VwT-WD-YPe"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Zoom" id="R4o-n2-Eq4">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="performZoom:" target="-1" id="DIl-cC-cCs"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
<menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="eu3-7i-yIM"/>
<menuItem title="Bring All to Front" id="LE2-aR-0XJ">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<connections>
<action selector="arrangeInFront:" target="-1" id="DRN-fu-gQh"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
<menuItem title="Help" id="wpr-3q-Mcd">
<modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
<menu key="submenu" title="Help" systemMenu="help" id="F2S-fz-NVQ">
<items>
<menuItem title="NotificationTest Help" keyEquivalent="?" id="FKE-Sm-Kum">
<connections>
<action selector="showHelp:" target="-1" id="y7X-2Q-9no"/>
</connections>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
</menuItem>
</items>
</menu>
<window title="NotificationTest" allowsToolTipsWhenApplicationIsInactive="NO" autorecalculatesKeyViewLoop="NO" releasedWhenClosed="NO" animationBehavior="default" id="QvC-M9-y7g">
<windowStyleMask key="styleMask" titled="YES" closable="YES" miniaturizable="YES" resizable="YES"/>
<windowPositionMask key="initialPositionMask" leftStrut="YES" rightStrut="YES" topStrut="YES" bottomStrut="YES"/>
<rect key="contentRect" x="335" y="390" width="480" height="360"/>
<rect key="screenRect" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="1366" height="745"/>
<view key="contentView" wantsLayer="YES" id="EiT-Mj-1SZ">
<rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="480" height="360"/>
<autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
<subviews>
<customView fixedFrame="YES" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="Gxg-KB-hXo" customClass="MyView">
<rect key="frame" x="31" y="193" width="183" height="124"/>
<autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" flexibleMaxX="YES" flexibleMinY="YES"/>
</customView>
<customView fixedFrame="YES" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="4YQ-ZK-Q0W" customClass="MyView">
<rect key="frame" x="257" y="193" width="174" height="124"/>
<autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" flexibleMaxX="YES" flexibleMinY="YES"/>
</customView>
<button verticalHuggingPriority="750" fixedFrame="YES" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="sbg-pR-7xp">
<rect key="frame" x="353" y="13" width="87" height="32"/>
<autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" flexibleMaxX="YES" flexibleMinY="YES"/>
<buttonCell key="cell" type="push" title="Change" bezelStyle="rounded" alignment="center" borderStyle="border" imageScaling="proportionallyDown" inset="2" id="MHb-HO-fqR">
<behavior key="behavior" pushIn="YES" lightByBackground="YES" lightByGray="YES"/>
<font key="font" metaFont="system"/>
</buttonCell>
<connections>
<action selector="onChange:" target="Voe-Tx-rLC" id="0CQ-0i-z8w"/>
</connections>
</button>
<button verticalHuggingPriority="750" fixedFrame="YES" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="FRq-bN-yDD">
<rect key="frame" x="273" y="13" width="75" height="32"/>
<autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" flexibleMaxX="YES" flexibleMinY="YES"/>
<buttonCell key="cell" type="push" title="Reset" bezelStyle="rounded" alignment="center" borderStyle="border" imageScaling="proportionallyDown" inset="2" id="JP3-gy-SnJ">
<behavior key="behavior" pushIn="YES" lightByBackground="YES" lightByGray="YES"/>
<font key="font" metaFont="system"/>
</buttonCell>
<connections>
<action selector="onReset:" target="Voe-Tx-rLC" id="TtH-x7-6B2"/>
</connections>
</button>
</subviews>
</view>
</window>
</objects>
</document>
例子
图1
参考
1.观察者模式在项目中实际使用例子
2.观察者模式在项目中实际使用例子2
3.NSNotificationCenter通知中心发布接收消息注意事项
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