跟随HackQuest部署counter项目，使用 Solana 官方提供的 playgroud 。这个平台让我们的部署和测试过程变得更加简便高效。

合约代码

lib.rs中复制以下代码

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use std::ops::DerefMut;

declare_id!("CVQCRMyzWNr8MbNhzjbfPu9YVvr97onF48Lc9ZwXotpW");

#[program]
pub mod counter {
    use super::*;

    pub fn initialize(ctx: Context<Initialize>) -> Result<()> {
        let counter = ctx.accounts.counter.deref_mut();
        let bump = ctx.bumps.counter;

        *counter = Counter {
            authority: *ctx.accounts.authority.key,
            count: 0,
            bump,
        };

        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn increment(ctx: Context<Increment>) -> Result<()> {
        require_keys_eq!(
            ctx.accounts.authority.key(),
            ctx.accounts.counter.authority,
            ErrorCode::Unauthorized
        );

        ctx.accounts.counter.count += 1;
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Initialize<'info> {
    #[account(
        init,
        payer = authority,
        space = Counter::SIZE,
        seeds = [b"counter"],
        bump
    )]
    counter: Account<'info, Counter>,
    #[account(mut)]
    authority: Signer<'info>,
    system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Increment<'info> {
    #[account(
        mut,
        seeds = [b"counter"],
        bump = counter.bump
    )]
    counter: Account<'info, Counter>,
    authority: Signer<'info>,
}

#[account]
pub struct Counter {
    pub authority: Pubkey,
    pub count: u64,
    pub bump: u8,
}

impl Counter {
    pub const SIZE: usize = 8 + 32 + 8 + 1;
}

#[error_code]
pub enum ErrorCode {
    #[msg("You are not authorized to perform this action.")]
    Unauthorized,
}

交换代码

client.ts中复制以下代码

const wallet = pg.wallet;
const program = pg.program;
const counterSeed = Buffer.from("counter");

const counterPubkey = await web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
  [counterSeed],
  pg.PROGRAM_ID
);

const initializeTx = await pg.program.methods
  .initialize()
  .accounts({
    counter: counterPubkey[0],
    authority: pg.wallet.publicKey,
    systemProgram: web3.SystemProgram.programId,
  })
  .rpc();

let counterAccount = await program.account.counter.fetch(counterPubkey[0]);
console.log("account after initializing ==> ", Number(counterAccount.count));

const incrementTx = await pg.program.methods
  .increment()
  .accounts({
    counter: counterPubkey[0],
    authority: pg.wallet.publicKey,
  })
  .rpc();

counterAccount = await program.account.counter.fetch(counterPubkey[0]);
console.log("account after increasing ==>", Number(counterAccount.count));

部署和发布

• 切换到左侧工具栏第二个按钮并点击 build
• 点击deploy, 终端出现 “Deployment successful.” 即为部署成功。（这大约会消耗2~3个sol）

测试交互

切换到左侧第一个文件按钮并点击 Run ，运行client.ts文件，输出如图

再次执行就会开始报错

Running client…
client.ts:
Uncaught error: failed to send transaction: Transaction simulation failed: Error processing Instruction 0: custom program error: 0x0

各种求助之后，修改初始化代码，输出报错日志

try {
    // Initialize account
    const initializeTx = await pg.program.methods
      .initialize()
      .accounts({
        counter: counterPubkey,
        authority: pg.wallet.publicKey,
        systemProgram: web3.SystemProgram.programId,
      })
      .rpc();
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("Error fetching counter account:", error);
  }

报错日志如下：

  logs: 
   [ 'Program CVQCRMyzWNr8MbNhzjbfPu9YVvr97onF48Lc9ZwXotpW invoke [1]',
     'Program log: Instruction: Initialize',
     'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [2]',
     'Allocate: account Address { address: 8sKt2NcKbN9E2SUE6E3NgfzwGi5ByBZxHQdCw27bMef1, base: None } already in use',
     'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 failed: custom program error: 0x0',
     'Program CVQCRMyzWNr8MbNhzjbfPu9YVvr97onF48Lc9ZwXotpW consumed 4867 of 200000 compute units',
     'Program CVQCRMyzWNr8MbNhzjbfPu9YVvr97onF48Lc9ZwXotpW failed: custom program error: 0x0' ],
  programErrorStack: { stack: [ [Object], [Object] ] } }

根据日志信息，关键的错误是：

'Allocate: account Address { address: 8sKt2NcKbN9E2SUE6E3NgfzwGi5ByBZxHQdCw27bMef1, base: None } already in use'

这表示你尝试分配的账户地址 8sKt2NcKbN9E2SUE6E3NgfzwGi5ByBZxHQdCw27bMef1 已经被使用，因此无法进行新的初始化。这通常发生在你已经为该地址创建了账户，但可能在再次执行时未考虑到这一点。

修改initializeTx代码

let counterAccount;
try {
  counterAccount = await program.account.counter.fetch(counterPubkey);
  console.log("Counter account already exists:", counterAccount);
} catch (error) {
  if (error.message.includes("Account does not exist")) {
    console.log("Counter account does not exist, proceeding with initialization...");
    // Initialize account
    const initializeTx = await pg.program.methods
      .initialize()
      .accounts({
        counter: counterPubkey,
        authority: pg.wallet.publicKey,
        systemProgram: web3.SystemProgram.programId,
      })
      .rpc();
  } else {
    console.error("Error fetching counter account:", error);
  }
}

执行结果：

修复后完整client.ts代码

const wallet = pg.wallet;
const program = pg.program;
const counterSeed = Buffer.from("counter");

const [counterPubkey, bump] = web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
  [counterSeed],
  pg.PROGRAM_ID
);


let counterAccount;
try {
  counterAccount = await program.account.counter.fetch(counterPubkey);
  console.log("Counter account already exists:", counterAccount);
} catch (error) {
  if (error.message.includes("Account does not exist")) {
    console.log(
      "Counter account does not exist, proceeding with initialization..."
    );
    // Initialize account
    const initializeTx = await pg.program.methods
      .initialize()
      .accounts({
        counter: counterPubkey,
        authority: pg.wallet.publicKey,
        systemProgram: web3.SystemProgram.programId,
      })
      .rpc();
  } else {
    console.error("Error fetching counter account:", error);
  }
}

const incrementTx = await pg.program.methods
  .increment()
  .accounts({
    counter: counterPubkey,
    authority: pg.wallet.publicKey,
  })
  .rpc();

counterAccount = await program.account.counter.fetch(counterPubkey);
console.log("account after increasing ==>", Number(counterAccount.count));