linux系统安装miniconda3

news2024/9/29 11:22:54

一、下载minconda3

下载地址：https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html

一般国内访问比较困难，可到清华软件镜像站 Index of /anaconda/miniconda/ | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror

需要特别注意自己的下载版本和自己的硬件一致，否则安装会出问题，下面以ubuntu 64位来说明安装过程。

先下载：Miniconda3-py38_22.11.1-1-Linux-x86_64.sh

注意，

1、需要是Miniconda3

2、pyXX表示python版本号。

3、Linux-x86_64表示是linux x86的64位机器。

二、安装miniconda3

bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

最后一路回车，

接受license

如果是默认路径安装直接回车

在选择是否需要initiate的时候选择yes，默认是no。

选择yes之后，cat ~/.bashrc能看到最后加入了如下字段。

然后执行source .bashrc，表示直接使能环境变量。

三、离线创建python环境

查看已经创建的虚拟环境，刚开始只有base

conda env list

可以直接克隆base环境，来创建自己的环境

conda config --set offline true
conda create -n new_env --clone base

其中new_env应该替换为自己需要创建的环境名字。

四、激活虚拟环境

执行如下命令激活虚拟环境，需要注意new_env需要已经创建，通过conda env list可以查看到。

source activate new_env

#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate ykai
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

五、安装第三方库

5.1 python pip 更改国内源

此方法为永久改变源，如果你需要的库，国内源没有的话，需要重置源为默认

清华源相关代码

pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

其他源

豆瓣 https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/
网易 https://mirrors.163.com/pypi/simple/
阿里云 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
腾讯云 https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple
清华大学 https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

取消所有源，替换为默认

pip config unset global.index-url

5.2 pip3 install acuity出错

如果大家看到以下错误会怎么处理？

Building wheels for collected packages: ruamel.yaml
  Building wheel for ruamel.yaml (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [579 lines of output]
      sys.argv ['/tmp/pip-install-sqdifa38/ruamel-yaml_13238d60aed04f31841b95c554bebfe3/setup.py', 'bdist_wheel', '-d', '/tmp/pip-wheel-qci5d5wn']
      test compiling test_ruamel_yaml
      /home/ykai/miniconda3/envs/ykai/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py:261: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'test_suite'
        warnings.warn(msg)
      /home/ykai/miniconda3/envs/ykai/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py:655: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: The namespace_packages parameter is deprecated.
      !!

              ********************************************************************************
              Please replace its usage with implicit namespaces (PEP 420).

              See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/references/keywords.html#keyword-namespace-packages for details.
              ********************************************************************************

      !!
        ep.load()(self, ep.name, value)


      ext/_ruamel_yaml.c: In function ‘PyInit__ruamel_yaml’:
      ext/_ruamel_yaml.c:25793:34: error: ‘PyTypeObject {aka struct _typeobject}’ has no member named ‘tp_print’; did you mean ‘tp_dict’?
         __pyx_type_12_ruamel_yaml_Mark.tp_print = 0;
                                        ^~~~~~~~
                                        tp_dict
      ext/_ruamel_yaml.c:25810:37: error: ‘PyTypeObject {aka struct _typeobject}’ has no member named ‘tp_print’; did you mean ‘tp_dict’?
         __pyx_type_12_ruamel_yaml_CParser.tp_print = 0;
                                           ^~~~~~~~
                                           tp_dict
      ext/_ruamel_yaml.c:25821:38: error: ‘PyTypeObject {aka struct _typeobject}’ has no member named ‘tp_print’; did you mean ‘tp_dict’?
         __pyx_type_12_ruamel_yaml_CEmitter.tp_print = 0;
                                            ^~~~~~~~
                                            tp_dict
      /home/ykai/miniconda3/envs/ykai/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:446:26: note: declared here
       static inline Py_ssize_t _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length(PyObject *op) {
                                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit code 1
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for ruamel.yaml
  Running setup.py clean for ruamel.yaml
Failed to build ruamel.yaml
ERROR: ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (ruamel.yaml)

一般都会以为是 error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit code 1 或者error: subprocess-exited-with-error错误来处理，或者zipp-3.20.2-py3-none-any.whl安装错误来处理，其实都不是。

如果我们搜索的关键是 has no member named ‘tp_print’; did you mean ‘tp_dict’?就会发现：

从Python 3.9中的API中删除了tp_print方法.错误" 'tp_print':不是'_typeobject'的成员，表示代码是针对Python <= 3.8的，降级到Python 3.8，然后重试问题解决。