1 行列转换

(1) 列拆分为多行

         把指定字段按指定分隔符进行拆分为多行,然后其它字段直接复制.

select
     字段列
    ,hobby2
from tbl
-- lateral view udtf(expression) tablealias as columnalias (‘,’ columnalias)
lateral view explode(split(hobby,';')) temp as hobby2

(2) 行扁平化

        把同一组的多行数据合并成为一行.

select 
  id, 
  name, 
  age, 
  split(concat_ws(':',collect_list(hobby)),':')[0] as hobby1,
  split(concat_ws(':',collect_list(hobby)),':')[1] as hobby2,
  split(concat_ws(':',collect_list(hobby)),':')[2] as hobby3
from tbl
group by id, name, age;

(3) 列转行

        如果数据一列有相同的值，按照指定的字段，将其中一列的字段内容变成不同的列，然后把多行数据转换为一行数据.

select
    name
   ,max(if(wek = '周一',work_hour,0)) as mon
   ,max(if(wek = '周二',work_hour,0)) as tue
   ,max(if(wek = '周三',work_hour,0)) as wed
   ,max(if(wek = '周四',work_hour,0)) as thu
   ,max(if(wek = '周五',work_hour,0)) as fi
   ,max(if(wek = '周六',work_hour,0)) as sat
   ,max(if(wek = '周日',work_hour,0)) as sun
from tbl
group by name

(4) 行转列

        把数据字段的字段名转换为一列，把数据行变为数据列.

select name, 'mon' as wek, mon as work_hour from tbl
union all
select name, 'tue' as wek, tue as work_hour from tbl
union all
select name, 'wed' as wek, wed as work_hour from tbl
union all
select name, 'thu' as wek, thu as work_hour from tbl
union all
select name, 'fri' as wek, fri as work_hour from tbl
union all
select name, 'sat' as wek, sat as work_hour from tbl
union all
select name, 'sun' as wek, sun as work_hour from tbl