原理
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
const char *msg0="hello printf\n";
const char *msg1="hello fwrite\n";
const char *msg2="hello write\n";
printf("%s", msg0);
fwrite(msg1, strlen(msg0), 1, stdout);
write(1, msg2, strlen(msg2));
return 0;
加上fork
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
const char *msg0="hello printf\n";
const char *msg1="hello fwrite\n";
const char *msg2="hello write\n";
printf("%s", msg0);
fwrite(msg1, strlen(msg0), 1, stdout);
write(1, msg2, strlen(msg2));
fork();
return 0;
为什么呢?
这个缓冲区在哪里呢?
在FILE这个结构体中除了有文件描述符,还定义有缓冲区
解释上面问题:
当我们重定向到文件里面,刷新策略就变成了全缓冲,到了fork之后,创建子进程,本来数据是父子进程共享的,但是程序退出,要把缓冲区的内容刷新出去,发生写时拷贝,这样就生成了两份,write是系统接口,不会进入缓冲区,也就不会有两份
模拟实现
简单模拟实现一个缓冲区的代码,供我们理解
mystdio.h
#ifndef __MYSTDIO_H__
#define __MYSTDIO_H__
#include <string.h>
#define SIZE 1024
#define FLUSH_NOW 1
#define FLUSH_LINE 2
#define FLUSH_ALL 4
typedef struct IO_FILE{
int fileno;//文件描述符
int flag; //用来判断是写还是读
//char inbuffer[SIZE];
//int in_pos;
char outbuffer[SIZE]; // 用一下这个,输出缓冲区
int out_pos;//输出缓冲区的大小
}_FILE;
_FILE * _fopen(const char*filename, const char *flag);
int _fwrite(_FILE *fp, const char *s, int len);
void _fclose(_FILE *fp);
#endif
mystdio.c
#include "Mystdio.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#define FILE_MODE 0666
// "w", "a", "r"
_FILE * _fopen(const char*filename, const char *flag)
{
assert(filename);
assert(flag);
int f = 0;
int fd = -1;
if(strcmp(flag, "w") == 0) {
f = (O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC);
fd = open(filename, f, FILE_MODE);
}
else if(strcmp(flag, "a") == 0) {
f = (O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_APPEND);
fd = open(filename, f, FILE_MODE);
}
else if(strcmp(flag, "r") == 0) {
f = O_RDONLY;
fd = open(filename, f);
}
else
return NULL;
if(fd == -1) return NULL;
_FILE *fp = (_FILE*)malloc(sizeof(_FILE));
if(fp == NULL) return NULL;
fp->fileno = fd;
//fp->flag = FLUSH_LINE;
fp->flag = FLUSH_ALL;
fp->out_pos = 0;
return fp;
}
// FILE中的缓冲区的意义是什么????
int _fwrite(_FILE *fp, const char *s, int len)
{
// "abcd\n"
memcpy(&fp->outbuffer[fp->out_pos], s, len); // 没有做异常处理, 也不考虑局部问题
fp->out_pos += len;
if(fp->flag&FLUSH_NOW)//无缓冲
{
write(fp->fileno, fp->outbuffer, fp->out_pos);
fp->out_pos = 0;
}
else if(fp->flag&FLUSH_LINE)//行缓冲
{
if(fp->outbuffer[fp->out_pos-1] == '\n'){ // 不考虑其他情况
write(fp->fileno, fp->outbuffer, fp->out_pos);
fp->out_pos = 0;
}
}
else if(fp->flag & FLUSH_ALL)//全缓冲
{
if(fp->out_pos == SIZE){
write(fp->fileno, fp->outbuffer, fp->out_pos);
fp->out_pos = 0;
}
}
return len;
}
void _fflush(_FILE *fp)
{
if(fp->out_pos > 0){
write(fp->fileno, fp->outbuffer, fp->out_pos);
fp->out_pos = 0;
}
}
void _fclose(_FILE *fp)
{
if(fp == NULL) return;
_fflush(fp);//进程退出也要刷新
close(fp->fileno);
free(fp);
}
main.c
#include "Mystdio.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#define myfile "test.txt"
int main()
{
_FILE *fp = _fopen(myfile, "a");
if(fp == NULL) return 1;
const char *msg = "hello world\n";
int cnt = 10;
while(cnt){
_fwrite(fp, msg, strlen(msg));
// fflush(fp);
sleep(1);
cnt--;
}
_fclose(fp);
return 0;
}