29.Nacos的简介与安装（springcloud）

1.Nacos 简介

官网： https://nacos.io/zh-cn/

Nacos 致力于 发现、配置和管理微服务 。 Nacos 提供了一组简单易用的特性集，帮助您快速实现动态服务发现、服务配置、服务元数据及流量管理。

Nacos 帮助您更敏捷和容易地构建、交付和管理微服务平台。 Nacos 是构建以 “ 服务 ” 为中心的现代应用架构 ( 例如微服务范式、云原生范式 ) 的服务基础设施。

2.Nacos 的核心概念

2.1 服务 (Service)

服务是指一个或一组软件功能（例如特定信息的检索或一组操作的执行），其目的是不同的客户端可以为不同的目的重用（例如通过跨进程的网络调用）。 Nacos 支持主流的服务生态，如 Kubernetes Service 、 gRPC|Dubbo RPC Service 或者 Spring Cloud RESTful Service.

2.2 服务注册中心 (Service Registry)

服务注册中心，它是服务实例及元数据的数据库。服务实例在启动时注册到服务注册表，并在关闭时注销。服务和路由器的客户端查询服务注册表以查找服务的可用实例。服务注册中心可能会调用服务实例的健康检查 API 来验证它是否能够处理请求。

2.3 服务元数据 (Service Metadata)

服务元数据是指包括服务端点 (endpoints) 、服务标签、服务版本号、服务实例权重、路由规则、安全策略等描述服务的数据

2.4 服务提供方 (Service Provider)

是指提供可复用和可调用服务的应用方

2.5 服务消费方 (Service Consumer)

是指会发起对某个服务调用的应用方

2.6 配置 (Configuration)--- 配置文件中心

在系统开发过程中通常会将一些需要变更的参数、变量等从代码中分离出来独立管理，以独立的配置文件的形式存在。目的是让静态的系统工件或者交付物（如 WAR ， JAR 包等）更好地和实际的物理运行环境进行适配。配置管理一般包含在系统部署的过程中，由系统管理员或者运维人员完成这个步骤。配置变更是调整系统运行时的行为的有效手段之一。

2.7 配置管理 (Configuration Management)

在数据中心中，系统中所有配置的编辑、存储、分发、变更管理、历史版本管理、变更审计等所有与配置相关的活动统称为配置管理。

2.8 名字服务 (Naming Service)

提供分布式系统中所有对象 (Object) 、实体 (Entity) 的 “ 名字 ” 到关联的元数据之间的映射管理服务，例如 ServiceName -> Endpoints Info, Distributed Lock Name -> Lock Owner/Status Info, DNS Domain Name -> IP List, 服务发现和 DNS 就是名字服务的 2 大场景。

2.9 配置服务 (Configuration Service)

在服务或者应用运行过程中，提供动态配置或者元数据以及配置管理的服务提供者。

3.NacosServer 的安装和启动

NacosServer 相当于 EurekaServer ，只不过 eurekaServer 使我们自己搭建的一个项目，而 NacosServer 别人已经提供好了

3.1 NacosServer 的下载

我们要对应版本，目前 alibaba 稳定版是 2.2.6.RELEASE

进入地址： https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases/tag/1.4.2

进行下载nacos

3.2 解压以及目录说明

bin ：可执行文件夹目录，包含：启动、停止命令等等

conf ：配置文件目录

target ：存放 naocs-server.jar

LICENSE ：授权信息， Nacos 使用 Apache License Version 2.0 授权

NOTICE ：公告信息

3.3 修改配置文件【重点】

进入 ${Nacos}/conf 目录里面，使用记事本打开 application.properties 文件。

打开后修改如下几个位置

详细文件内容如下所示

#
# Copyright 1999-2021 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#

#*************** Spring Boot Related Configurations ***************#
### Default web context path:
server.servlet.contextPath=/nacos
### Default web server port:
server.port=8848

#*************** Network Related Configurations ***************#
### If prefer hostname over ip for Nacos server addresses in cluster.conf:
# nacos.inetutils.prefer-hostname-over-ip=false

### Specify local server's IP:
# nacos.inetutils.ip-address=


#*************** Config Module Related Configurations ***************#
### If use MySQL as datasource:
 spring.datasource.platform=mysql

### Count of DB:
 db.num=1

### Connect URL of DB:
 db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/nacos?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
 db.user.0=root
 db.password.0=123456

### Connection pool configuration: hikariCP
db.pool.config.connectionTimeout=30000
db.pool.config.validationTimeout=10000
db.pool.config.maximumPoolSize=20
db.pool.config.minimumIdle=2

#*************** Naming Module Related Configurations ***************#
### Data dispatch task execution period in milliseconds: Will removed on v2.1.X, replace with nacos.core.protocol.distro.data.sync.delayMs
# nacos.naming.distro.taskDispatchPeriod=200

### Data count of batch sync task: Will removed on v2.1.X. Deprecated
# nacos.naming.distro.batchSyncKeyCount=1000

### Retry delay in milliseconds if sync task failed: Will removed on v2.1.X, replace with nacos.core.protocol.distro.data.sync.retryDelayMs
# nacos.naming.distro.syncRetryDelay=5000

### If enable data warmup. If set to false, the server would accept request without local data preparation:
# nacos.naming.data.warmup=true

### If enable the instance auto expiration, kind like of health check of instance:
# nacos.naming.expireInstance=true

### will be removed and replaced by `nacos.naming.clean` properties
nacos.naming.empty-service.auto-clean=true
nacos.naming.empty-service.clean.initial-delay-ms=50000
nacos.naming.empty-service.clean.period-time-ms=30000

### Add in 2.0.0
### The interval to clean empty service, unit: milliseconds.
# nacos.naming.clean.empty-service.interval=60000

### The expired time to clean empty service, unit: milliseconds.
# nacos.naming.clean.empty-service.expired-time=60000

### The interval to clean expired metadata, unit: milliseconds.
# nacos.naming.clean.expired-metadata.interval=5000

### The expired time to clean metadata, unit: milliseconds.
# nacos.naming.clean.expired-metadata.expired-time=60000

### The delay time before push task to execute from service changed, unit: milliseconds.
# nacos.naming.push.pushTaskDelay=500

### The timeout for push task execute, unit: milliseconds.
# nacos.naming.push.pushTaskTimeout=5000

### The delay time for retrying failed push task, unit: milliseconds.
# nacos.naming.push.pushTaskRetryDelay=1000

### Since 2.0.3
### The expired time for inactive client, unit: milliseconds.
# nacos.naming.client.expired.time=180000

#*************** CMDB Module Related Configurations ***************#
### The interval to dump external CMDB in seconds:
# nacos.cmdb.dumpTaskInterval=3600

### The interval of polling data change event in seconds:
# nacos.cmdb.eventTaskInterval=10

### The interval of loading labels in seconds:
# nacos.cmdb.labelTaskInterval=300

### If turn on data loading task:
# nacos.cmdb.loadDataAtStart=false


#*************** Metrics Related Configurations ***************#
### Metrics for prometheus
#management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*

### Metrics for elastic search
management.metrics.export.elastic.enabled=false
#management.metrics.export.elastic.host=http://localhost:9200

### Metrics for influx
management.metrics.export.influx.enabled=false
#management.metrics.export.influx.db=springboot
#management.metrics.export.influx.uri=http://localhost:8086
#management.metrics.export.influx.auto-create-db=true
#management.metrics.export.influx.consistency=one
#management.metrics.export.influx.compressed=true

#*************** Access Log Related Configurations ***************#
### If turn on the access log:
server.tomcat.accesslog.enabled=true

### The access log pattern:
server.tomcat.accesslog.pattern=%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b %D %{User-Agent}i %{Request-Source}i

### The directory of access log:
server.tomcat.basedir=

#*************** Access Control Related Configurations ***************#
### If enable spring security, this option is deprecated in 1.2.0:
#spring.security.enabled=false

### The ignore urls of auth, is deprecated in 1.2.0:
nacos.security.ignore.urls=/,/error,/**/*.css,/**/*.js,/**/*.html,/**/*.map,/**/*.svg,/**/*.png,/**/*.ico,/console-ui/public/**,/v1/auth/**,/v1/console/health/**,/actuator/**,/v1/console/server/**

### The auth system to use, currently only 'nacos' and 'ldap' is supported:
nacos.core.auth.system.type=nacos

### If turn on auth system:
nacos.core.auth.enabled=false

### worked when nacos.core.auth.system.type=ldap，{0} is Placeholder,replace login username
# nacos.core.auth.ldap.url=ldap://localhost:389
# nacos.core.auth.ldap.userdn=cn={0},ou=user,dc=company,dc=com

### The token expiration in seconds:
nacos.core.auth.default.token.expire.seconds=18000

### The default token:
nacos.core.auth.default.token.secret.key=SecretKey012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789

### Turn on/off caching of auth information. By turning on this switch, the update of auth information would have a 15 seconds delay.
nacos.core.auth.caching.enabled=true

### Since 1.4.1, Turn on/off white auth for user-agent: nacos-server, only for upgrade from old version.
nacos.core.auth.enable.userAgentAuthWhite=false

### Since 1.4.1, worked when nacos.core.auth.enabled=true and nacos.core.auth.enable.userAgentAuthWhite=false.
### The two properties is the white list for auth and used by identity the request from other server.
nacos.core.auth.server.identity.key=serverIdentity
nacos.core.auth.server.identity.value=security

#*************** Istio Related Configurations ***************#
### If turn on the MCP server:
nacos.istio.mcp.server.enabled=false

#*************** Core Related Configurations ***************#

### set the WorkerID manually
# nacos.core.snowflake.worker-id=

### Member-MetaData
# nacos.core.member.meta.site=
# nacos.core.member.meta.adweight=
# nacos.core.member.meta.weight=

### MemberLookup
### Addressing pattern category, If set, the priority is highest
# nacos.core.member.lookup.type=[file,address-server]
## Set the cluster list with a configuration file or command-line argument
# nacos.member.list=192.168.16.101:8847?raft_port=8807,192.168.16.101?raft_port=8808,192.168.16.101:8849?raft_port=8809
## for AddressServerMemberLookup
# Maximum number of retries to query the address server upon initialization
# nacos.core.address-server.retry=5
## Server domain name address of [address-server] mode
# address.server.domain=jmenv.tbsite.net
## Server port of [address-server] mode
# address.server.port=8080
## Request address of [address-server] mode
# address.server.url=/nacos/serverlist

#*************** JRaft Related Configurations ***************#

### Sets the Raft cluster election timeout, default value is 5 second
# nacos.core.protocol.raft.data.election_timeout_ms=5000
### Sets the amount of time the Raft snapshot will execute periodically, default is 30 minute
# nacos.core.protocol.raft.data.snapshot_interval_secs=30
### raft internal worker threads
# nacos.core.protocol.raft.data.core_thread_num=8
### Number of threads required for raft business request processing
# nacos.core.protocol.raft.data.cli_service_thread_num=4
### raft linear read strategy. Safe linear reads are used by default, that is, the Leader tenure is confirmed by heartbeat
# nacos.core.protocol.raft.data.read_index_type=ReadOnlySafe
### rpc request timeout, default 5 seconds
# nacos.core.protocol.raft.data.rpc_request_timeout_ms=5000

#*************** Distro Related Configurations ***************#

### Distro data sync delay time, when sync task delayed, task will be merged for same data key. Default 1 second.
# nacos.core.protocol.distro.data.sync.delayMs=1000

### Distro data sync timeout for one sync data, default 3 seconds.
# nacos.core.protocol.distro.data.sync.timeoutMs=3000

### Distro data sync retry delay time when sync data failed or timeout, same behavior with delayMs, default 3 seconds.
# nacos.core.protocol.distro.data.sync.retryDelayMs=3000

### Distro data verify interval time, verify synced data whether expired for a interval. Default 5 seconds.
# nacos.core.protocol.distro.data.verify.intervalMs=5000

### Distro data verify timeout for one verify, default 3 seconds.
# nacos.core.protocol.distro.data.verify.timeoutMs=3000

### Distro data load retry delay when load snapshot data failed, default 30 seconds.
# nacos.core.protocol.distro.data.load.retryDelayMs=30000

3.4 Mysql 表的导入