Think Nvidia looks dear? American shares could get pricier still
Investors are willing to follow whichever narrative paints the rosiest picture
觉得Nvidia看起来很贵?美国股票可能会变得更贵
投资者愿意追随任何一个描绘出最乐观的故事
dear:昂贵的
narrative:叙述;故事;讲述;
rosiest:美 ['roʊzist] 乐观的;美好的;玫瑰色的;玫瑰红色的;(rosy的最高级)
原文:
How can you tell it is time to get out of the market? In 1929 Joseph
Kennedy, an American businessman and politician, supposedly realised the
party was over upon hearing a shoeshine boy dispensing stock tips. In 2000
the exit doors beckoned after 17 “dotcom” firms paid millions of dollars
each for brief advertising slots during the Super Bowl, an American-football
extravaganza.
你怎么知道是时候退出市场了?1929年,美国商人兼政治家约瑟夫·肯尼迪,据说在听到一个擦鞋童分发股票建议时,意识到派对结束了。2000年,17家“网络公司”为美国橄榄球盛事超级碗期间的简短广告时段支付了数百万美元,退出的大门向他们招手。
学习:
businessman:商人;企业家;贸易商;
supposedly:据说;据推测;
shoeshine:美 [ˈʃuˌʃaɪn] 擦鞋
dispensing:(dispense的现在分词);分配;免除;分发;配(药)
extravaganza:美 [ɪkˌstrævəˈɡænzə] 盛况;精心编排的壮观演出
原文:
And so to a sell signal fit for 2024: Keith Gill is back on social media. Mr
Gill was an architect of the meme-stock frenzy of 2021, exhorting retail
traders to buy shares in GameStop, a struggling chain of video-game shops.
After a three-year absence he is posting once again, now apparently in
possession of a stake in the firm worth a few hundred million dollars.
GameStop’s share price has resumed a gut-churning roller-coaster ride and is
up by more than 40% since Mr Gill’s return; the ailing company has made
use of the excitement to issue some $3bn-worth of new shares. If you are
looking for signs of speculative excess in markets, this is Exhibit A.
因此,这是一个适合2024年的卖出信号:基思·吉尔(Keith Gill)重返社交媒体。吉尔先生是2021年迷因股狂潮的设计师,他鼓励散户投资者购买GameStop的股票,GameStop是一家苦苦挣扎的视频游戏连锁店。阔别三年后,他再次发帖,现在显然拥有该公司价值数亿美元的股份。GameStop的股价又开始了令人揪心的过山车之旅,自吉尔先生回归以来已经上涨了40%以上;这家境况不佳的公司利用这种兴奋发行了价值约30亿美元的新股。如果你在寻找市场投机过度的迹象,这就是证据a。
学习:
meme: 美 [miːm]
“meme” 是一个源自希腊语的词汇,最早由演化生物学家理查德·道金斯(Richard Dawkins)在他的著作《自私的基因》(The Selfish Gene)中提出。它原本用来描述一种在文化中传播的思想、行为或风尚,可以看作是文化基因的类比。
在现代互联网文化中,“meme” 通常指的是在社交媒体和互联网平台上快速传播的图片、视频、短语或其他内容。它们通常具有幽默、讽刺或模仿的性质,并且可以通过复制和变形来传播和演变。
总之,“meme” 可以理解为一种在网络和社交媒体上广泛传播的文化现象或内容。
meme-stock frenzy:社交媒体推动的股市狂热
“meme-stock frenzy” 是指2021年初在美国股票市场上出现的一场由散户投资者推动的股票狂热现象。这些投资者主要通过社交媒体平台(如Reddit上的WallStreetBets论坛)进行组织和交流,共同推动一些特定股票(如GameStop、AMC等)的价格急剧上涨。这些股票被称为“meme stocks”,因为它们的上涨不是基于公司基本面的改善,而是基于社交媒体上的炒作和情绪驱动。
这种现象被称为“frenzy”是因为它表现出一种狂热、非理性的市场行为,导致这些股票的价格剧烈波动,并吸引了大量的关注和投资,甚至导致了一些对冲基金遭受巨大损失。总结来说,“meme-stock frenzy”描述的是一种由社交媒体推动的股票市场狂热,导致特定股票价格异常波动的现象。
exhort:美 [ɪɡˈzɔːrt] 规劝;劝告;告诫;
retail trader:散户
gut:腹部;肚子;发自内心深处的
churning:美 ['tʃɜnɪŋ] 搅拌;搅动;翻腾;(churn的现在分词形式)
gut-churning: 让人不安的
“gut-churning” 是一个形容词,意思是让人感到极度不安、紧张或恐惧的。这个词通常用来描述一种强烈的、生理上的反应,就像肚子在翻腾一样。
在这个上下文中,“gut-churning roller-coaster ride” 意味着 GameStop 的股价波动非常剧烈和令人紧张,就像坐过山车一样让人感到不安和心惊肉跳。
ailing:处境困难的;经济困难的;营运不佳的;
speculative:美 [ˈspekjələtɪv] 投机的;推测的;猜测的
speculative excess:投机过度
原文:
America’s benchmark S&P 500 share index is hitting new highs every other
week, fuelled by enthusiasm about artificial intelligence (AI). On June 18th
this made Nvidia, a chip designer, the world’s most valuable firm. The
cyclically adjusted price-earnings ratio, popularised by Robert Shiller of
Yale University, is at nearly 36. It has been higher only before the crashes of
the early 2000s and 2022—and even then, not by much. That a correction
will arrive at some point seems a racing certainty, but in the meantime there
is a still more worrying prospect. As far as it has come, the rally may yet
have further to go.
受人工智能(AI)热潮的推动,美国基准的标准普尔500股票指数每隔一周就创新高。6月18日,这使得芯片设计公司Nvidia成为世界上最有价值的公司。由耶鲁大学的罗伯特·希勒推广的周期性调整市盈率接近36倍。只有在2000年代初和2022年崩盘之前,这一比例才更高——即便如此,也高不了多少。调整将在某个时候到来,这似乎是一种必然的趋势,但与此同时,还有一种更令人担忧的前景。就目前来看,反弹可能还会继续。
学习:
every other week:隔周;隔周进行;每隔一周
price-earnings ratio:市盈率,请参考笔者的一篇笔记:市盈率(Price-Earnings Ratio)是什么?股市中还结合哪些指标分析一家公司?
rally:美 [ˈræli] 集会;市场回升;价格反弹;
原文:
After all, pricey shares can always get pricier if investors keep bidding them
up. To see why they may now be especially prone to a melt-up, consider the
concept of “duration”. This is typically applied to bonds, and is similar to
their maturity. It is the average time until a bond’s future payouts, including
both coupons and repayment, weighted by the size of each payout.
Unusually in financial maths, which tends to be messy, duration has a rather
elegant meaning: it is the sensitivity of an asset’s price to changes in interest
rates. A long-duration asset—a 50-year bond, say—is hammered by rising
interest rates, and appreciates a lot if they fall. Cash, the value of which is
invariant under such changes, has a duration of zero.
毕竟,如果投资者继续抬高股价,昂贵的股票总是可以变得更昂贵。要了解它们为什么现在特别容易出现暴涨,可以考虑“久期”这一概念。久期通常应用于债券,类似于债券的到期时间。它是债券未来支付(包括票息和本金偿还)的平均时间,按每次支付的金额加权计算。在金融数学中,久期有一个相当优雅的含义,这是不寻常的:它是资产价格对利率变化的敏感性。一个长期资产——比如一张50年的债券——在利率上升时会受到沉重打击,而如果利率下降,它的价值会大幅上升。而现金,其价值在这种变化下不变,久期为零。
学习:
pricey:价格高的;昂贵的
bidding:出价;投标;招标;喊价;
melt-up:
“Melt-up” 是指资产或市场价格在没有基本面支撑的情况下,由于投资者情绪和动能推动而出现的剧烈和意外上涨。这个现象通常伴随着价格的快速飙升,主要是由于害怕错过机会(FOMO)的心理,投资者纷纷涌入市场,预期价格会进一步上涨。这种上涨往往是不理性的,可能会导致市场环境的不稳定,并在情绪转变时出现显著的回调或“崩盘”。
“Melt-up” refers to a dramatic and unexpected increase in the price of an asset or market, driven largely by investor sentiment and momentum rather than fundamental factors. This surge is often characterized by a rapid escalation in prices due to a fear of missing out (FOMO), where investors rush to buy in anticipation of further gains, which can lead to an unsustainable and potentially unstable market environment. The term suggests that the increase is somewhat irrational and may be followed by a significant correction or “meltdown” when the sentiment shifts.
maturity: 到期时间
repayment:本金偿还
coupons:票息
payouts:支付;付款
messy:使不整洁的;棘手的;
elegant meaning:优雅的含义
hammered:受到打击
原文:
What about shares? Intuitively, those that derive much of their value from
earnings in the distant future must be closer in duration to the long-maturity
bond than to cash. So must stocks with a high price-to-earnings ratio, since it
will take many years of profits to repay their initial cost. In other words,
America’s stockmarket—expensive overall, and led by tech behemoths
promising an innovation-fuelled bonanza—has a very long duration.
股份呢?直觉上,那些从遥远的未来收益中获得大部分价值的债券,其久期肯定更接近长期债券,而不是现金。高市盈率的股票也必须如此,因为需要多年的利润才能偿还其初始成本。换句话说,美国的股票市场——总体来说很贵,由承诺创新驱动的巨擘引领——持续时间很长。
学习:
behemoth:美 [bəˈhiməθ] 巨兽;庞大的怪物;庞然大物
tech behemoths:科技巨头
innovation-fuelled:创新驱动的
bonanza:美 [bəˈnænzə] 暴富之源;幸运;滚滚而来;产量丰富
原文:
Interest rates, meanwhile, are now poised to fall. True, at the last meeting of
the Federal Reserve’s rate-setting committee, which finished on June 12th,
the median member expected only one cut before the end of 2024, down
from three. But more significant was the fact that share prices rose on the
news, suggesting investors had anticipated hawkishness rather than (as so
often in recent years) underestimating it. Rates traders also expect the Fed’s
short-term rate to finish the year in line with its officials’ projections.
Markets have tended to be more doveish than the Fed, leaving scope for
surprises that send bond yields up and long-duration assets down. Now,
provided the Fed’s next move really is down, the shoe is on the other foot.
与此同时,利率现在准备下降。没错,在6月12日结束的美联储利率设定委员会的最后一次会议上,median member预计在2024年底前只有一次降息,低于三次。但更重要的是,消息传出后股价上涨,这表明投资者已经预料到了鹰派立场,而不是(近年来经常如此)低估了它。利率交易员还预计,美联储今年年底的短期利率将与其官员的预测一致。市场倾向于比美联储更加温和,这为意外事件留下了空间,导致债券收益率上升,长期资产下跌。现在,如果美联储的下一步行动真的是向下的,情况就完全不同了。
学习:
poised to:准备好
hawkishness:鹰派
dovish: 鸽派的
leaving scope:留下空间
在金融市场中,“鹰派”和“鸽派”是用来描述政策制定者态度的术语,特别是关于货币政策和利率决定。
鹰派(Hawkish):
- 定义:鹰派倾向于支持较高的利率,以抑制通货膨胀。鹰派通常认为控制通胀比促进经济增长更重要。
- 举例:假设美联储官员认为通胀风险较大,因此主张加息以降低通胀压力。这些官员被称为鹰派,因为他们倾向于采取紧缩的货币政策。
鸽派(Dovish):
- 定义:鸽派倾向于支持较低的利率,以促进经济增长和增加就业。鸽派通常认为促进经济活动比控制通胀更重要。
- 举例:假设美联储官员认为经济增长缓慢,需要通过降息来刺激经济。这些官员被称为鸽派,因为他们倾向于采取宽松的货币政策。
在文中的应用:
- 文中提到:股价在美联储会议后上涨,表明投资者预期到的是鹰派态度,而不是像近年来那样低估了它。这意味着投资者原本认为美联储会采取更为激进的紧缩政策(鹰派),而不是更加宽松的政策(鸽派)。
- 金融市场角度:市场往往比美联储更鸽派,意味着市场预期利率会更低。然而,如果美联储实际采取降息措施(符合鸽派预期),市场的反应可能会反过来,因为这与投资者的预期相符,减少了市场的意外。
总结来说,“鹰派”倾向于加息和控制通胀,“鸽派”倾向于降息和促进经济增长。文中提到的投资者预期变化,反映了市场对美联储货币政策方向的不同解读。
原文:
There is an obvious counter to all this: that the recent buoyancy of share
prices, in spite of rising bond yields, shows duration analysis to be drivel
when applied to the stockmarket. A theoretician might reply that share prices
have soared in spite of the downward pressure from interest rates, with
expected future earnings being marked up by more than enough to
compensate.
所有这些都有一个明显的反面:尽管债券收益率上升,但最近股票价格的上涨表明持续时间分析应用于股票市场时是愚蠢的。理论家可能会回答说,尽管利率面临下行压力,但股价仍在飙升,预期未来收益的提高足以弥补这一点。
学习:
buoyancy:美 [ˈbɔɪənsi] 浮力;上升能力;
drivel:美 [ˈdrɪvəl] 废话;无聊的话;蠢话
原文:
It would probably be closer to the truth to say that just now, for whatever
reason, investors seem willing to buy whichever narrative paints the rosiest
picture. At the end of 2023 this was that bond yields were falling and
monetary policy would soon follow. This year, as such hopes have faded, it
has concerned AI and the resilience of America’s economy. Do not be
surprised if duration is soon back in the spotlight once a good-news story
can be spun around it. Mr Gill’s first appearance did indeed herald a crash,
but only after plenty more euphoria. The shoeshine boys, your columnist
hears, are not yet all-in.■
或许更接近事实的说法是,无论出于何种原因,投资者似乎都愿意购买描绘出最乐观图景的任何一种说法。2023年底,债券收益率下降,货币政策将很快跟进。今年,随着这样的希望逐渐消失,人们开始关注人工智能和美国经济的弹性。一旦有好消息围绕着它,如果久期很快回到聚光灯下,不要感到惊讶。吉尔先生的第一次露面确实预示着一场崩溃,但只是在更多的欢欣鼓舞之后。你的专栏作家听说,擦鞋男孩们还没有全身心投入。■
学习:
resilience of America’s economy: 美国经济的弹性
herald:美 [ˈherəld] 预示;称赞
herald a crash: 预示着一场崩溃
euphoria: 美 [juːˈfɔːriə] 极度兴奋;幸福感;满足感;(通常指持续时间较短的)极度愉快的心情
后记
2024年6月24日18点56分于上海。