【Docker】——安装镜像和创建容器，详解镜像和Dockerfile

news2024/11/16 9:17:01

前言

在此记录一下docker的镜像和容器的相关注意事项

前提条件：已安装Docker、显卡驱动等基础配置

1. 安装镜像

网上有太多的教程，但是都没说如何下载官方的镜像，在这里记录一下，使用docker安装官方的镜像

Docker Hub的官方链接：https://www.docker.com/products/docker-hub/

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点击Explore Docker Hub，在搜索框中输入：nvidia/cuda，转到tags，找到合适的镜像，复制链接即可

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Docker镜像源

docker.chenby.cn/

为了更加快速的下载，一般会添加docker镜像源，提高下载速度，如果不适用docker镜像源，也可能下载失败，因此，完整的镜像下载命令如下：

docker pull docker.chenby.cn/nvidia/cuda:11.1.1-cudnn8-devel-ubuntu20.04

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等待下载完毕即可，这个命令使用的cuda版本不高，应该可以在大部分机器上直接使用

镜像重命名

docker tag 旧镜像名新镜像名
docker rmi 旧镜像名

使用docker tag 其实会生成一个新镜像，我们可以使用docker rmi 删除旧的镜像

2. NVIDIA Container Toolkit (Docker使用GPU)

设置NVIDIA Container Toolkit的stable版本存储库的GPG key：

distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add - && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list

安装toolkit：

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit
sudo systemctl restart docker

3. 创建容器

现在需要进入一个空的项目，并进入到Dockerfile的文件目录中，在本例中，则需要命令行切换到docker_test目录下，并根据自己的需求，编辑dockerfile

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其中，重点关注FROM的镜像源是否一致，详细的dockerfile自行了解（正常情况下，github的项目都是配置好的，只需注意FROM的镜像源），dockerfile示例如下（YOLOv10）：

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# Builds ultralytics/ultralytics:latest image on DockerHub https://hub.docker.com/r/ultralytics/ultralytics
# Image is CUDA-optimized for YOLOv8 single/multi-GPU training and inference

# Start FROM PyTorch image https://hub.docker.com/r/pytorch/pytorch or nvcr.io/nvidia/pytorch:23.03-py3
FROM pytorch/pytorch:2.2.0-cuda12.1-cudnn8-runtime
RUN pip install --no-cache nvidia-tensorrt --index-url https://pypi.ngc.nvidia.com

# Downloads to user config dir
ADD https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v0.0.0/Arial.ttf \
    https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v0.0.0/Arial.Unicode.ttf \
    /root/.config/Ultralytics/

# Install linux packages
# g++ required to build 'tflite_support' and 'lap' packages, libusb-1.0-0 required for 'tflite_support' package
RUN apt update \
    && apt install --no-install-recommends -y gcc git zip curl htop libgl1 libglib2.0-0 libpython3-dev gnupg g++ libusb-1.0-0

# Security updates
# https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-UBUNTU1804-OPENSSL-3314796
RUN apt upgrade --no-install-recommends -y openssl tar

# Create working directory
WORKDIR /usr/src/ultralytics

# Copy contents
# COPY . /usr/src/ultralytics  # git permission issues inside container
RUN git clone https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics -b main /usr/src/ultralytics
ADD https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v8.1.0/yolov8n.pt /usr/src/ultralytics/

# Install pip packages
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
RUN pip install --no-cache -e ".[export]" albumentations comet pycocotools

# Run exports to AutoInstall packages
# Edge TPU export fails the first time so is run twice here
RUN yolo export model=tmp/yolov8n.pt format=edgetpu imgsz=32 || yolo export model=tmp/yolov8n.pt format=edgetpu imgsz=32
RUN yolo export model=tmp/yolov8n.pt format=ncnn imgsz=32
# Requires <= Python 3.10, bug with paddlepaddle==2.5.0 https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/X2Paddle/issues/991
RUN pip install --no-cache paddlepaddle>=2.6.0 x2paddle
# Fix error: `np.bool` was a deprecated alias for the builtin `bool` segmentation error in Tests
RUN pip install --no-cache numpy==1.23.5
# Remove exported models
RUN rm -rf tmp

# Set environment variables
ENV OMP_NUM_THREADS=1
# Avoid DDP error "MKL_THREADING_LAYER=INTEL is incompatible with libgomp.so.1 library" https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/37377
ENV MKL_THREADING_LAYER=GNU


# Usage Examples -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Build and Push
# t=ultralytics/ultralytics:latest && sudo docker build -f docker/Dockerfile -t $t . && sudo docker push $t

# Pull and Run with access to all GPUs
# t=ultralytics/ultralytics:latest && sudo docker pull $t && sudo docker run -it --ipc=host --gpus all $t

# Pull and Run with access to GPUs 2 and 3 (inside container CUDA devices will appear as 0 and 1)
# t=ultralytics/ultralytics:latest && sudo docker pull $t && sudo docker run -it --ipc=host --gpus '"device=2,3"' $t

# Pull and Run with local directory access
# t=ultralytics/ultralytics:latest && sudo docker pull $t && sudo docker run -it --ipc=host --gpus all -v "$(pwd)"/datasets:/usr/src/datasets $t

# Kill all
# sudo docker kill $(sudo docker ps -q)

# Kill all image-based
# sudo docker kill $(sudo docker ps -qa --filter ancestor=ultralytics/ultralytics:latest)

# DockerHub tag update
# t=ultralytics/ultralytics:latest tnew=ultralytics/ultralytics:v6.2 && sudo docker pull $t && sudo docker tag $t $tnew && sudo docker push $tnew

# Clean up
# sudo docker system prune -a --volumes

# Update Ubuntu drivers
# https://www.maketecheasier.com/install-nvidia-drivers-ubuntu/

# DDP test
# python -m torch.distributed.run --nproc_per_node 2 --master_port 1 train.py --epochs 3

# GCP VM from Image
# docker.io/ultralytics/ultralytics:latest