一、环境准备
Linux 采用 CentOS7
Nginx 采用 Nginx-1.24.0 安装目录/opt/nginx
Mysql 采用 Mysql-5.7.23 安装目录/opt/mysql
PHP 采用 PHP-7.3.5 安装目录/opt/php
用于测试环境，搭建在虚拟机上，只准备了一台虚拟机，所有服务都搭建在一台虚拟机上。正式环境至少准备两台。
二、搭建CentOS7 虚拟环境
1、配置YUM源
1.1 下载wget命令
yum -y install wget1.2 备份老的YUM源文件
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mkdir bak
mv *.repo bak
1.3 下载阿里云官网CentOS YUM源文件
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
1.4 下载阿里云官网Epel YUM源文件
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo1.5 生成新缓存
# 删除旧的缓存
yum clean all
# 生成新的缓存
yum makecache
# 查看当前使用列表
yum repolist1.6 安装软件测试
yum -y install bash-completion
yum -y install net-tools2、关闭Selinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config3、检查网络连接状况
ping www.baidu.com三、搭建Nginx服务
1、下载Nginx需要用到的第三方依赖
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel httpd-tools make gcc gcc-c++包含：
支持静态资源压缩的gzip lib库
支持URL重写的pcre库
支持HTTPS的openssl
perl开发的依赖库
2、下载Nginx二进制包
wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz3、解压
tar -zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz4、编译三部曲
4.1 创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/nginx4.2 执行编译脚本
# 进入解压目录
cd 解压目录/nginx-1.24.0
# 执行编译脚本
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-threads --with-file-aio
4.3 编译
make4.4 安装
make install5、配置环境变量
ln -s /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
# 创建Nginx工作用户
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin nginx6、修改Nginx配置文件
vi /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 修改配置如下
# 工作用户为nginx
user nginx;
worker_processes 2;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
# gzip压缩等级，有1-9级，级别越高压缩率越高，但传输时间越久
gzip_comp_level 4;
# gzip支持压缩的文件类型
gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/png image/jpg;
# nginx支持的gzip版本，默认使用1.0
gzip_http_version 1.1;
# 引用extra目录下的配置文件
include extra/*.conf;
}7、配置虚拟站点配置文件
mkdir -p /opt/nginx/conf/extra
vi /opt/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf
# 配置如下
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /opt/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}8、编写启动脚本
vi /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=Nginx server by fortunate
Documentation=man:nginx(8)
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
PrivateTmp=true9、启动服务并设置开机自启动
systemctl enable nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service10、简单测试
10.1 创建站点目录
mkdir -p /opt/www/html10.2 编写index.html
echo "welocome to Nginx" > /opt/www/html/index.html浏览器输入虚拟机IP，查看是否如下
四、搭建MySQL服务
1、删除CentOS自带的mariadb数据库
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps2、下载MySQL二进制安装包
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64.tar3、解压
# 解压缩后会有两个tar.gz包
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64.tar
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64.tar.gz 4、配置
# 创建工作目录
mv mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64/ /opt/mysql
# 创建mysql用户
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
# 创建数据和日志存放目录
mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data
mkdir -p /opt/mysql/logs
# 修改权限
chown -R mysql: /opt/mysql/data
chown -R mysql: /opt/mysql/logs
# 创建mysql配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
# 服务端配置
[mysqld]
basedir=/opt/mysql/
datadir=/opt/mysql/data/
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
server_id=1
port=3306
log_error=/opt/mysql/logs/mysql_error.log
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
# 客户端配置
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock5、编译MySQL
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/6、配置环境变量
vi /etc/profile
# 最后添加一行配置
PATH="${PATH}:/opt/mysql/bin/"
# 加载配置
source /etc/profile7、创建启动脚本
vi /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL server by fortunate
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev/mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFIL=50008、启动服务
# 启动服务
systemctl start mysql.service
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable mysql.service9、简单测试
9.1 登录MySQL
# 首次登录，不需要输入密码，直接回车即可
mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 9.2 设置密码
mysqladmin -uroot password "your_password"五、搭建PHP服务
1、下载PHP所需用到的第三方依赖
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel libxslt-devel
# libicov-devel依赖通过二进制安装
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.15.tar.gz
# 解压
tar -zxvf libiconv-1.15.tar.gz
# 创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/libiconv
# 执行脚本
./configure --prefix=/opt/libiconv
# 编译安装
make && make install2、下载PHP二进制包
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-7.3.5.tar.gz3、解压
tar -zxvf php-7.3.5.tar.gz
# 创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/php4、编译三部曲
# 执行脚本
./configure --prefix=/opt/php \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
# libiconv安装目录位置
--with-iconv-dir=/opt/libiconv \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-gd \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
# 运行Nginx的用户
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
# 运行Nginx的组
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-opcache=no
# 编译安装
make && make install5、配置环境变量
ln -s /opt/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/bin/php-fpm6、修改配置
cp /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp /opt/configure/php-7.3.5/php.ini-development /opt/php/lib/php.ini
cp /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
vi /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
# 旧的配置
;pid = run/php-fpm.pid
# 修改为，“；”代表注释，需要删除
pid = /opt/php/php-fpm.pid7、启动服务
# 编写启动脚本
vi /etc/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
[Unit]
Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/opt/php/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/opt/php/sbin/php-fpm
ExecStop=/bin/kill -9 php-fpm
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# 启动服务
systemctl start php-fpm.service
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable php-fpm.service8、查看服务是否启动
# 查看进程是否存在
ps -ef | grep php
root 17631 1 0 05:05 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx 17632 17631 0 05:05 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx 17633 17631 0 05:05 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
# 查看端口是否存在
netstat -nptl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17631/php-fpm: mast9、简单测试
9.1 修改nginx配置文件
# 修改配置
vi /opt/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /opt/www/html;
index index.html;
}
# 新增一个location
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root /opt/www/php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
9.2 重新加载配置
nginx -s reload9.3 创建php文件
# 创建php目录
mkdir -p /opt/www/php
# 创建index.php
echo "<?php phpinfo();?>" > /opt/www/php/index.php9.4 浏览器输入IP/index.php
六、LNMP测试
1、测试PHP和MySQL之间的连通性
1.1 编写php文件，连接mysql
vi /opt/www/php/mysql_connect.php
<?php
$link_id=new mysqli('127.0.0.1','root','final12345');
if($link_id->connect_error){
die("Connection failed: " . $link_id->connect_error);
}
echo "successfully";
$link_id->close();
?>1.2 浏览器输入IP/mysql_connect.php测试
2、编写简单的学生信息查询页面
2.1 创建数据库
mysql> create database test character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;2.2 创建表
use test;
create table student(id int not null, name varchar(30), age int);2.3 新增数据
mysql> insert into student values(1, "张三", 16);
mysql> insert into student values(2, "李四", 15);
mysql> insert into student values(3, "王五", 16);2.4 赋予权限
grant all privileges on test.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'mysql_password' with grant option;
flush privileges;2.5 编写php脚本
vi /opt/www/php/student.php
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>学生信息首页</title>
<body>
<h1 align="center">学生信息</h1>
<form action="" method="post" name="indexf">
<p align="center"><input type="text" name="sel" /><input type="submit" value="搜索" name="selsub" /></p>
<table align="center" border="1px" cellspacing="0px" width="800px">
<tr><th>学号</th><th>姓名</th><th>年龄</th></tr>
<?php
$link_id=new mysqli('127.0.0.1','root','final12345','test');
if($link_id->connect_error){
die("Connection failed: " . $link_id->connect_error);
}
if (empty($_POST["selsub"])) {
$res=mysqli_query($link_id,"select * from student order by id");
} else {
$sel = $_POST["sel"];
$res=mysqli_query($link_id,"select * from student where id like '%$sel%'");
}
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res)) {
echo '<tr>';
echo "<td>$row[0]</td><td>$row[1]</td><td>$row[2]</td>";
echo '</tr>';
}
?>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</head>
</html>2.6 测试
浏览器输入IP/student.php，得到如下结果，可以跟据id搜索信息
