datax介绍
官网： https://github.com/alibaba/DataX/blob/master/introduction.md
DataX 是阿里云 DataWorks数据集成 的开源版本，在阿里巴巴集团内被广泛使用的
离线数据同步工具/平台。DataX 实现了包括 MySQL、Oracle、OceanBase、SqlServer、Postgre、HDFS、Hive、ADS、HBase、TableStore(OTS)、MaxCompute(ODPS)、Hologres、DRDS, databend 等各种异构数据源之间高效的数据同步功能。
datax架构说明
datax数据处理流程
datax使用说明
Datax在使用是主要编写json文件，在json中定义read如何读取 write如何写入
格式：参考官网代码修改
parameter:{username:mysql数据库用户名
password：密码
jdbc: MySQL：//网址：端口号：/datebase
}
table:数据库名
{
"job": {
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel": 3
},
"errorLimit": {
"record": 0,
"percentage": 0.02
}
},
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader",
"parameter": {
"username": "root",
"password": "123456",
"column": [
"id",
"name"
],
"splitPk": "db_id",
"connection": [
{
"table": [
"table"
],
"jdbcUrl": [
"jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/database"
]
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "streamwriter",
"parameter": {
"print":true
}
}
}
]
}
}
简单使用
读取mysql数据在终端中输出结果
-- 在mysql中创建库表
create database itcast charset=utf8;
use itcast;
create table student(
id int,
name varchar(20),
age int,
gender varchar(20)
);
insert into student values(1,'张三',20,'男'),
(2,'李四',21,'男'),
(3,'王五',19,'男'),
(4,'赵六',22,'男');
编写datax的json文件
{
"job": {
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel": 3
},
"errorLimit": {
"record": 0,
"percentage": 0.02
}
},
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader",
"parameter": {
"username": "root",
"password": "123456",
"column": [
"id",
"name",
"age",
"gender"
],
"splitPk": "id",
"connection": [
{
"table": [
"student"
],
"jdbcUrl": [
"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast"
]
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "streamwriter",
"parameter": {
"print":true
}
}
}
]
}
}
在datax的job目录下创建json文件
cd /export/server/datax/job/
执行json文件中的配置信息
cd /export/server/datax/bin
python datax.py ../job/mysql_data.json
mysql使用sql语句读取数据
sql语句可以实现对数据的筛选过滤
query:书写select条件过滤
{
"job": {
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel":1
}
},
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader",
"parameter": {
"username": "root",
"password": "123456",
"connection": [
{
"querySql": [
"select * from student where id>=3;"
],
"jdbcUrl": [
"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast"
]
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "streamwriter",
"parameter": {
"print": true,
"encoding": "UTF-8"
}
}
}
]
}
}
mysql数据导入hdfs
读取mysql数据写入到hdfs
{
"job": {
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel":1
}
},
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader",
"parameter": {
"username": "root",
"password": "123456",
"column": [
"id",
"name",
"age",
"gender"
],
"splitPk": "id",
"connection": [
{
"table": [
"student"
],
"jdbcUrl": [
"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast"
]
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "hdfswriter",
"parameter": {
"defaultFS": "hdfs://192.168.88.80:8020",
"fileType": "text",
"path": "/data",
"fileName": "student",
"column": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "int"
},
{
"name": "name",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "age",
"type": "INT"
},
{
"name": "gender",
"type": "string"
}
],
"writeMode": "append",
"fieldDelimiter": "\t"
}
}
}
]
}
}
使用sql语句导入需要指定jdbc连接参数
当数据中有中文是需要增加参数
jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf8
{
"job": {
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel":1
}
},
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader",
"parameter": {
"username": "root",
"password": "123456",
"connection": [
{
"querySql": [
"select * from student where gender='男';"
],
"jdbcUrl": [
"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf8"
]
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "hdfswriter",
"parameter": {
"defaultFS": "hdfs://192.168.88.80:8020",
"fileType": "text",
"path": "/data",
"fileName": "student",
"column": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "int"
},
{
"name": "name",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "age",
"type": "INT"
},
{
"name": "gender",
"type": "string"
}
],
"writeMode": "append",
"fieldDelimiter": "\t"
}
}
}
]
}
}
mysql数据导入hive表
hive的表是由两部分构成的
表的元数据 hive的metastore管理
表的行数据 hdfs上以文件的方式存储
导入hive表的数据本质就是将mysql中的数据导入hdfs中，将数据按照hive表的路径进行导入
1-启动hive服务 metastore hiveserve2
2-配置datagrip连接
可以联网下载，也可以使用提前下载好的
3-创建hive表
show databases ;
create database itcast;
use itcast;
create table stu(
id int,
name string,
age int,
gender string
)row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
select * from stu;
4-hive表的数据导入，本质就是将数据写入hdfs的表目录中
编写json文件
{
"job": {
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel":1
}
},
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader",
"parameter": {
"username": "root",
"password": "123456",
"column": [
"id",
"name",
"age",
"gender"
],
"splitPk": "id",
"connection": [
{
"table": [
"student"
],
"jdbcUrl": [
"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast"
]
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "hdfswriter",
"parameter": {
"defaultFS": "hdfs://192.168.88.80:8020",
"fileType": "text",
"path": "/user/hive/warehouse/itcast.db/stu",
"fileName": "stu",
"column": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "int"
},
{
"name": "name",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "age",
"type": "INT"
},
{
"name": "gender",
"type": "string"
}
],
"writeMode": "append",
"fieldDelimiter": ","
}
}
}
]
}
}
datax-web 介绍
https://github.com/WeiYe-Jing/datax-web
datax-web是基于datax进行的二次开发，提供了一个可视化web页面，方便开发人员定义datax任务，并且能自动生成json文件
datax-web使用
启动服务
/export/server/datax-web-2.1.2/bin/start-all.sh
访问页面
http://hadoop01:9527/index.html
使用
创建项目
创建数据源连接
任务管理模板生成
可以设置定时执行
生成datax任务
任务执行
定时执行
