C#中.net8WebApi加密解密

news2024/11/18 9:28:17

尤其在公网之中，数据的安全及其的重要，除过我们使用jwt之外，还可以对传送的数据进行加密，就算别人使用抓包工具，抓到数据，一时半会儿也解密不了数据，当然，加密也影响了效率，肯定不如明文传递的效率高。

1.创建一个.net8WebApi

2. 建立一个学生类的实体类，Student.cs

namespace WebApplication2.Entity
{
    public class Student
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public string Address { get; set; }
    }
}

3.建立加密，解密的方法

using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

namespace WebApplication2.Common
{
    public static class PublicMethod
    {
        public static byte[] key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("12345678123456781234567812345678");  //32位，自己可以定义
        public static byte[] iv = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("1234567812345678"); //16位，自己可以定义

        /// <summary>
        /// 加密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cipherText"></param>
        /// <param name="Key"></param>
        /// <param name="IV"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"></exception>
        public static string DecryptStringFromBytes_Aes(byte[] cipherText, byte[] Key, byte[] IV)
        {
            if (cipherText == null || cipherText.Length <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(cipherText));
            if (Key == null || Key.Length <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Key));
            if (IV == null || IV.Length <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(IV));

            string plaintext = null;

            using (Aes aesAlg = Aes.Create())
            {
                aesAlg.Key = Key;
                aesAlg.IV = IV;

                ICryptoTransform decryptor = aesAlg.CreateDecryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV);

                using (MemoryStream msDecrypt = new MemoryStream(cipherText))
                {
                    using (CryptoStream csDecrypt = new CryptoStream(msDecrypt, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read))
                    {
                        using (StreamReader srDecrypt = new StreamReader(csDecrypt))
                        {
                            plaintext = srDecrypt.ReadToEnd();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            return plaintext;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 解密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="plainText"></param>
        /// <param name="Key"></param>
        /// <param name="IV"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"></exception>
        public static byte[] EncryptStringToBytes_Aes(string plainText, byte[] Key, byte[] IV)
        {
            if (plainText == null || plainText.Length <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainText));
            if (Key == null || Key.Length <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Key));
            if (IV == null || IV.Length <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(IV));

            byte[] encrypted;

            using (Aes aesAlg = Aes.Create())
            {
                aesAlg.Key = Key;
                aesAlg.IV = IV;

                ICryptoTransform encryptor = aesAlg.CreateEncryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV);

                using (MemoryStream msEncrypt = new MemoryStream())
                {
                    using (CryptoStream csEncrypt = new CryptoStream(msEncrypt, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                    {
                        using (StreamWriter swEncrypt = new StreamWriter(csEncrypt))
                        {
                            swEncrypt.Write(plainText);
                        }
                        encrypted = msEncrypt.ToArray();
                    }
                }
            }

            return encrypted;
        }
    }
}

4.使用

写一个GetStudent()方法，进行加密

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
using System.Text.Json;
using WebApplication2.Entity;
using WebApplication2.Common;

namespace WebApplication2.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]
    public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
    {
        private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]
        {
            "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
        };

        private readonly ILogger<WeatherForecastController> _logger;

        public WeatherForecastController(ILogger<WeatherForecastController> logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public Task<string> GetStudent()
        {
            Student student = new Student();
            student.Id = 1;
            student.Name = "John";
            student.Age = 25;
            student.Address = "New York";  //增加实体类属性

            string jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(student); //序列化对象
            byte[] encrypted = PublicMethod.EncryptStringToBytes_Aes(jsonString, PublicMethod.key, PublicMethod.iv); //加密
            string encryptedString = Convert.ToBase64String(encrypted); //转换为base64字符串

            return Task.FromResult<string>(encryptedString);   //返回加密后的字符串
        }





        [HttpGet(Name = "GetWeatherForecast")]
        public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get()
        {
            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)]
            })
            .ToArray();
        }
    }
}

5.运行后的结果

点击GetStudent方法获取的结果是

yF9I1zV4iB43L9tDi+UEH/Xs3aPayl7C5stjk0yOl9L/s92Xup9NVZvOLKSGz4e0EL4ruJRGedhCUlxEknMzXQ==

此时，数据已经加密成功了。可以传递给前端进行使用了，前端拿到再进行解密。

6.写一个获取到前端加密的字符串，然后进行解密

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
using System.Text.Json;
using WebApplication2.Entity;
using WebApplication2.Common;

namespace WebApplication2.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]
    public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
    {
        private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]
        {
            "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
        };

        private readonly ILogger<WeatherForecastController> _logger;

        public WeatherForecastController(ILogger<WeatherForecastController> logger)
        {
            _logger = logger;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public Task<string> GetStudent()
        {
            Student student = new Student();
            student.Id = 1;
            student.Name = "John";
            student.Age = 25;
            student.Address = "New York";  //增加实体类属性

            string jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(student); //序列化对象
            byte[] encrypted = PublicMethod.EncryptStringToBytes_Aes(jsonString, PublicMethod.key, PublicMethod.iv); //加密
            string encryptedString = Convert.ToBase64String(encrypted); //转换为base64字符串

            return Task.FromResult<string>(encryptedString);   //返回加密后的字符串
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public Task<bool> GetStudent1(string strStudent)
        {
            byte[] str = Convert.FromBase64String(strStudent);  //字符串转换为字节数组
            string jsonString = PublicMethod.DecryptStringFromBytes_Aes(str, PublicMethod.key, PublicMethod.iv); //解密
            Student student = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Student>(jsonString); //反序列化对象

            //这里可以对student进行业务操作
            return Task.FromResult<bool>(true);   //返回加密后的字符串
        }



        [HttpGet(Name = "GetWeatherForecast")]
        public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get()
        {
            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)]
            })
            .ToArray();
        }
    }
}

7.运行后

我们把刚才的字符串传递进去，然后在程序内部调试，能看得到数据