上一节中我们讲到如何使用Labelimg工具标注自己的数据集,链接:YOLOv5利用Labelimg标注自己数据集,完成1658张数据集的预处理,接下来将进一步处理这批数据,通常是先划分再做数据增强。
目录
- 一、统计txt文件各标签类型的数量
- 二、数据准备
- 三、数据集划分
- 四、数据增强
一、统计txt文件各标签类型的数量
第一步:查看txt文件,将类别与索引值对应
green-circle--0
green-left--1
green-straight--2
green-right--3
red-circle--4
red-left--5
red-straight--6
red-right--7
yellow-circle--8
yellow-left--9
yellow-straight--10
yellow-right--11
第二步:根据以上索引运行代码
import os
def get_every_class_num(txt_folder_path):
# 需修改,根据自己的类别,注意一一对应
class_categories = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4',
'5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'10', '11']
class_num = len(class_categories) # 样本类别数
class_num_list = [0] * class_num
# 获取文件夹下所有txt文件
txt_files = [file for file in os.listdir(txt_folder_path) if file.endswith('.txt')]
for txt_file in txt_files:
file_path = os.path.join(txt_folder_path, txt_file)
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
file_data = file.readlines() # 读取所有行
for every_row in file_data:
class_str = every_row.split(' ')[0].strip() # 去除换行符
if class_str in class_categories:
class_ind = class_categories.index(class_str)
class_num_list[class_ind] += 1
# 输出每一类的数量以及总数
result = dict(zip(class_categories, class_num_list))
for name, num in result.items():
print(name, ":", num)
print("-----------------------------------")
print('total:', sum(class_num_list))
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 需修改,txt文件夹所在路径
txt_folder_path = r'F:\yolov5\红绿灯多属性数据集\labels'
get_every_class_num(txt_folder_path)
结果如下~
二、数据准备
1、txt转xml格式
from xml.dom.minidom import Document
import os
import cv2
def makexml(picPath, txtPath, xmlPath): # txt所在文件夹路径,xml文件保存路径,图片所在文件夹路径
"""此函数用于将yolo格式txt标注文件转换为voc格式xml标注文件
"""
dic = {'0': "green-circle", # 创建字典用来对类型进行转换
'1': "green-left", # 此处的字典要与自己的classes.txt文件中的类对应,且顺序要一致
'2': "green-straight",
'3': "green-right",
'4': "red-circle",
'5': "red-left",
'6': "red-straight",
'7': "red-right",
'8': "yellow-circle",
'9': "yellow-left",
'10': "yellow-straight",
'11': "yellow-right",
}
files = os.listdir(txtPath)
for i, name in enumerate(files):
xmlBuilder = Document()
annotation = xmlBuilder.createElement("annotation") # 创建annotation标签
xmlBuilder.appendChild(annotation)
txtFile = open(txtPath + name)
txtList = txtFile.readlines()
img = cv2.imread(picPath + name[0:-4] + ".jpg")
Pheight, Pwidth, Pdepth = img.shape
folder = xmlBuilder.createElement("folder") # folder标签
foldercontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("driving_annotation_dataset")
folder.appendChild(foldercontent)
annotation.appendChild(folder) # folder标签结束
filename = xmlBuilder.createElement("filename") # filename标签
filenamecontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(name[0:-4] + ".jpg")
filename.appendChild(filenamecontent)
annotation.appendChild(filename) # filename标签结束
size = xmlBuilder.createElement("size") # size标签
width = xmlBuilder.createElement("width") # size子标签width
widthcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(Pwidth))
width.appendChild(widthcontent)
size.appendChild(width) # size子标签width结束
height = xmlBuilder.createElement("height") # size子标签height
heightcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(Pheight))
height.appendChild(heightcontent)
size.appendChild(height) # size子标签height结束
depth = xmlBuilder.createElement("depth") # size子标签depth
depthcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(Pdepth))
depth.appendChild(depthcontent)
size.appendChild(depth) # size子标签depth结束
annotation.appendChild(size) # size标签结束
for j in txtList:
oneline = j.strip().split(" ")
object = xmlBuilder.createElement("object") # object 标签
picname = xmlBuilder.createElement("name") # name标签
namecontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(dic[oneline[0]])
picname.appendChild(namecontent)
object.appendChild(picname) # name标签结束
pose = xmlBuilder.createElement("pose") # pose标签
posecontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("Unspecified")
pose.appendChild(posecontent)
object.appendChild(pose) # pose标签结束
truncated = xmlBuilder.createElement("truncated") # truncated标签
truncatedContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("0")
truncated.appendChild(truncatedContent)
object.appendChild(truncated) # truncated标签结束
difficult = xmlBuilder.createElement("difficult") # difficult标签
difficultcontent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode("0")
difficult.appendChild(difficultcontent)
object.appendChild(difficult) # difficult标签结束
bndbox = xmlBuilder.createElement("bndbox") # bndbox标签
xmin = xmlBuilder.createElement("xmin") # xmin标签
mathData = int(((float(oneline[1])) * Pwidth + 1) - (float(oneline[3])) * 0.5 * Pwidth)
xminContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
xmin.appendChild(xminContent)
bndbox.appendChild(xmin) # xmin标签结束
ymin = xmlBuilder.createElement("ymin") # ymin标签
mathData = int(((float(oneline[2])) * Pheight + 1) - (float(oneline[4])) * 0.5 * Pheight)
yminContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
ymin.appendChild(yminContent)
bndbox.appendChild(ymin) # ymin标签结束
xmax = xmlBuilder.createElement("xmax") # xmax标签
mathData = int(((float(oneline[1])) * Pwidth + 1) + (float(oneline[3])) * 0.5 * Pwidth)
xmaxContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
xmax.appendChild(xmaxContent)
bndbox.appendChild(xmax) # xmax标签结束
ymax = xmlBuilder.createElement("ymax") # ymax标签
mathData = int(((float(oneline[2])) * Pheight + 1) + (float(oneline[4])) * 0.5 * Pheight)
ymaxContent = xmlBuilder.createTextNode(str(mathData))
ymax.appendChild(ymaxContent)
bndbox.appendChild(ymax) # ymax标签结束
object.appendChild(bndbox) # bndbox标签结束
annotation.appendChild(object) # object标签结束
f = open(xmlPath + name[0:-4] + ".xml", 'w')
xmlBuilder.writexml(f, indent='\t', newl='\n', addindent='\t', encoding='utf-8')
f.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
picPath = "F:/yolov5/datasets/images/" # 图片所在文件夹路径,后面的/一定要带上
txtPath = "F:/yolov5/datasets/labels_txt/" # txt所在文件夹路径,后面的/一定要带上
xmlPath = "F:/yolov5/datasets/labels_xml/" # xml文件保存路径,后面的/一定要带上
makexml(picPath, txtPath, xmlPath)
转换成以下内容的xml文件~
三、数据集划分
对数据集进行预处理之后,就可以开始对数据集划分,这里一定要在数据增强之前,我们一般将数据集划分为:训练集、验证集、测试集三类。
以下这个比喻很恰当:模型的训练与学习,类似与老师教学生知识的过程。
* 1、训练集(train):用于训练模型以及确定参数。类似于老师教学生知识的过程。
* 2、验证集(vaild):用于确定网络结构以及调整模型的超参数。相当于月考等小测验,用于对学生查漏补缺。
* 3、测试机(test):用于检验模型的泛化能力。相当于大考,上战场一样,检验学生的学习效果。
参数(parameters):指由模型通过学习得到的变量,如权重w和偏置b.
超参数(hypeparameters):指根据经验进行设定的参数,如迭代次数,隐层的层数,每层神经元的个数,学习率等。
根据自己实际需求,数据量不是很大的时候(万级别以下)将训练集、验证集、测试集划分为6:2:2;若是数据很大,可以将训练集、验证集、测试集划分为8:1:1。
1、在YOLOv5/datasets下创建对应文件夹
images:原始图像
labels_txt:txt标注格式
labels_xml:xml标注格式
splitsets:保存划分好的训练集、测试集和验证集
2、划分代码
import os
import shutil
import random
random.seed(0)
def split_data(file_path, xml_path, new_file_path, train_rate, val_rate, test_rate):
each_class_image = []
each_class_label = []
for image in os.listdir(file_path):
each_class_image.append(image)
for label in os.listdir(xml_path):
each_class_label.append(label)
data = list(zip(each_class_image, each_class_label))
total = len(each_class_image)
random.shuffle(data) #使用函数打乱顺序
each_class_image, each_class_label = zip(*data) #将两个列表解绑
#分别获取train、val、test这三个文件夹对应的图片和标签
train_images = each_class_image[0:int(train_rate * total)]
val_images = each_class_image[int(train_rate * total):int((train_rate + val_rate) * total)]
test_images = each_class_image[int((train_rate + val_rate) * total):]
train_labels = each_class_label[0:int(train_rate * total)]
val_labels = each_class_label[int(train_rate * total):int((train_rate + val_rate) * total)]
test_labels = each_class_label[int((train_rate + val_rate) * total):]
#设置相应的路径保存格式,将图片和标签对应保存下来
for image in train_images:
print(image)
old_path = file_path + '/' + image
new_path1 = new_file_path + '/' + 'train' + '/' + 'images'
if not os.path.exists(new_path1):
os.makedirs(new_path1)
new_path = new_path1 + '/' + image
shutil.copy(old_path, new_path)
for label in train_labels:
print(label)
old_path = xml_path + '/' + label
new_path1 = new_file_path + '/' + 'train' + '/' + 'labels'
if not os.path.exists(new_path1):
os.makedirs(new_path1)
new_path = new_path1 + '/' + label
shutil.copy(old_path, new_path)
for image in val_images:
old_path = file_path + '/' + image
new_path1 = new_file_path + '/' + 'val' + '/' + 'images'
if not os.path.exists(new_path1):
os.makedirs(new_path1)
new_path = new_path1 + '/' + image
shutil.copy(old_path, new_path)
for label in val_labels:
old_path = xml_path + '/' + label
new_path1 = new_file_path + '/' + 'val' + '/' + 'labels'
if not os.path.exists(new_path1):
os.makedirs(new_path1)
new_path = new_path1 + '/' + label
shutil.copy(old_path, new_path)
for image in test_images:
old_path = file_path + '/' + image
new_path1 = new_file_path + '/' + 'test' + '/' + 'images'
if not os.path.exists(new_path1):
os.makedirs(new_path1)
new_path = new_path1 + '/' + image
shutil.copy(old_path, new_path)
for label in test_labels:
old_path = xml_path + '/' + label
new_path1 = new_file_path + '/' + 'test' + '/' + 'labels'
if not os.path.exists(new_path1):
os.makedirs(new_path1)
new_path = new_path1 + '/' + label
shutil.copy(old_path, new_path)
if __name__ == '__main__':
file_path = r"F:\yolov5\datasets\images"
xml_path = r"F:\yolov5\datasets\labels_xml"
new_file_path = r"F:\yolov5\datasets\splitsets"
split_data(file_path, xml_path, new_file_path, train_rate=0.6, val_rate=0.2, test_rate=0.2)
下面为划分之后文件夹的效果,并查看对应比例~
训练集、测试集和验证集文件夹对应的数量分别为1988、664和664。到这一步就完成数据集的基本操作,达到训练要求
四、数据增强
1、创建图像增强后保存的文件夹
在划分好后的训练集(train)文件夹下分别创建增强后的图片和标签文件夹
2、图像增强代码
代码中包含加噪声、改变亮度、裁剪、平移、旋转、镜像、cutout等方法。选用特定方法,只需修改代码中的参数设置。
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
import time
import random
import copy
import cv2
import os
import math
import numpy as np
from skimage.util import random_noise
from lxml import etree, objectify
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import argparse
# 显示图片
def show_pic(img, bboxes=None):
'''
输入:
img:图像array
bboxes:图像的所有boudning box list, 格式为[[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]....]
names:每个box对应的名称
'''
for i in range(len(bboxes)):
bbox = bboxes[i]
x_min = bbox[0]
y_min = bbox[1]
x_max = bbox[2]
y_max = bbox[3]
cv2.rectangle(img, (int(x_min), int(y_min)), (int(x_max), int(y_max)), (0, 255, 0), 3)
cv2.namedWindow('pic', 0) # 1表示原图
cv2.moveWindow('pic', 0, 0)
cv2.resizeWindow('pic', 1200, 800) # 可视化的图片大小
cv2.imshow('pic', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 图像均为cv2读取
class DataAugmentForObjectDetection():
def __init__(self, rotation_rate=0.5, max_rotation_angle=5,
crop_rate=0.5, shift_rate=0.5, change_light_rate=0.5,
add_noise_rate=0.5, flip_rate=0.5,
cutout_rate=0.5, cut_out_length=50, cut_out_holes=1, cut_out_threshold=0.5,
is_addNoise=True, is_changeLight=True, is_cutout=True, is_rotate_img_bbox=True,
is_crop_img_bboxes=True, is_shift_pic_bboxes=True, is_filp_pic_bboxes=True):
# 配置各个操作的属性
self.rotation_rate = rotation_rate
self.max_rotation_angle = max_rotation_angle
self.crop_rate = crop_rate
self.shift_rate = shift_rate
self.change_light_rate = change_light_rate
self.add_noise_rate = add_noise_rate
self.flip_rate = flip_rate
self.cutout_rate = cutout_rate
self.cut_out_length = cut_out_length
self.cut_out_holes = cut_out_holes
self.cut_out_threshold = cut_out_threshold
# 是否使用某种增强方式
self.is_addNoise = is_addNoise
self.is_changeLight = is_changeLight
self.is_cutout = is_cutout
self.is_rotate_img_bbox = is_rotate_img_bbox
self.is_crop_img_bboxes = is_crop_img_bboxes
self.is_shift_pic_bboxes = is_shift_pic_bboxes
self.is_filp_pic_bboxes = is_filp_pic_bboxes
# ----1.加噪声---- #
def _addNoise(self, img):
'''
输入:
img:图像array
输出:
加噪声后的图像array,由于输出的像素是在[0,1]之间,所以得乘以255
'''
# return cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (11, 11), 0)
return random_noise(img, mode='gaussian', seed=int(time.time()), clip=True) * 255
# ---2.调整亮度--- #
def _changeLight(self, img):
alpha = random.uniform(0.35, 1)
blank = np.zeros(img.shape, img.dtype)
return cv2.addWeighted(img, alpha, blank, 1 - alpha, 0)
# ---3.cutout--- #
def _cutout(self, img, bboxes, length=100, n_holes=1, threshold=0.5):
'''
原版本:https://github.com/uoguelph-mlrg/Cutout/blob/master/util/cutout.py
Randomly mask out one or more patches from an image.
Args:
img : a 3D numpy array,(h,w,c)
bboxes : 框的坐标
n_holes (int): Number of patches to cut out of each image.
length (int): The length (in pixels) of each square patch.
'''
def cal_iou(boxA, boxB):
'''
boxA, boxB为两个框,返回iou
boxB为bouding box
'''
# determine the (x, y)-coordinates of the intersection rectangle
xA = max(boxA[0], boxB[0])
yA = max(boxA[1], boxB[1])
xB = min(boxA[2], boxB[2])
yB = min(boxA[3], boxB[3])
if xB <= xA or yB <= yA:
return 0.0
# compute the area of intersection rectangle
interArea = (xB - xA + 1) * (yB - yA + 1)
# compute the area of both the prediction and ground-truth
# rectangles
boxAArea = (boxA[2] - boxA[0] + 1) * (boxA[3] - boxA[1] + 1)
boxBArea = (boxB[2] - boxB[0] + 1) * (boxB[3] - boxB[1] + 1)
iou = interArea / float(boxBArea)
return iou
# 得到h和w
if img.ndim == 3:
h, w, c = img.shape
else:
_, h, w, c = img.shape
mask = np.ones((h, w, c), np.float32)
for n in range(n_holes):
chongdie = True # 看切割的区域是否与box重叠太多
while chongdie:
y = np.random.randint(h)
x = np.random.randint(w)
y1 = np.clip(y - length // 2, 0,
h) # numpy.clip(a, a_min, a_max, out=None), clip这个函数将将数组中的元素限制在a_min, a_max之间,大于a_max的就使得它等于 a_max,小于a_min,的就使得它等于a_min
y2 = np.clip(y + length // 2, 0, h)
x1 = np.clip(x - length // 2, 0, w)
x2 = np.clip(x + length // 2, 0, w)
chongdie = False
for box in bboxes:
if cal_iou([x1, y1, x2, y2], box) > threshold:
chongdie = True
break
mask[y1: y2, x1: x2, :] = 0.
img = img * mask
return img
# ---4.旋转--- #
def _rotate_img_bbox(self, img, bboxes, angle=5, scale=1.):
'''
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/u014540717/article/details/53301195crop_rate
输入:
img:图像array,(h,w,c)
bboxes:该图像包含的所有boundingboxs,一个list,每个元素为[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max],要确保是数值
angle:旋转角度
scale:默认1
输出:
rot_img:旋转后的图像array
rot_bboxes:旋转后的boundingbox坐标list
'''
# 旋转图像
w = img.shape[1]
h = img.shape[0]
# 角度变弧度
rangle = np.deg2rad(angle) # angle in radians
# now calculate new image width and height
nw = (abs(np.sin(rangle) * h) + abs(np.cos(rangle) * w)) * scale
nh = (abs(np.cos(rangle) * h) + abs(np.sin(rangle) * w)) * scale
# ask OpenCV for the rotation matrix
rot_mat = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D((nw * 0.5, nh * 0.5), angle, scale)
# calculate the move from the old center to the new center combined
# with the rotation
rot_move = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([(nw - w) * 0.5, (nh - h) * 0.5, 0]))
# the move only affects the translation, so update the translation
rot_mat[0, 2] += rot_move[0]
rot_mat[1, 2] += rot_move[1]
# 仿射变换
rot_img = cv2.warpAffine(img, rot_mat, (int(math.ceil(nw)), int(math.ceil(nh))), flags=cv2.INTER_LANCZOS4)
# 矫正bbox坐标
# rot_mat是最终的旋转矩阵
# 获取原始bbox的四个中点,然后将这四个点转换到旋转后的坐标系下
rot_bboxes = list()
for bbox in bboxes:
xmin = bbox[0]
ymin = bbox[1]
xmax = bbox[2]
ymax = bbox[3]
point1 = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([(xmin + xmax) / 2, ymin, 1]))
point2 = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([xmax, (ymin + ymax) / 2, 1]))
point3 = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([(xmin + xmax) / 2, ymax, 1]))
point4 = np.dot(rot_mat, np.array([xmin, (ymin + ymax) / 2, 1]))
# 合并np.array
concat = np.vstack((point1, point2, point3, point4))
# 改变array类型
concat = concat.astype(np.int32)
# 得到旋转后的坐标
rx, ry, rw, rh = cv2.boundingRect(concat)
rx_min = rx
ry_min = ry
rx_max = rx + rw
ry_max = ry + rh
# 加入list中
rot_bboxes.append([rx_min, ry_min, rx_max, ry_max])
return rot_img, rot_bboxes
# ---5.裁剪--- #
def _crop_img_bboxes(self, img, bboxes):
'''
裁剪后的图片要包含所有的框
输入:
img:图像array
bboxes:该图像包含的所有boundingboxs,一个list,每个元素为[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max],要确保是数值
输出:
crop_img:裁剪后的图像array
crop_bboxes:裁剪后的bounding box的坐标list
'''
# 裁剪图像
w = img.shape[1]
h = img.shape[0]
x_min = w # 裁剪后的包含所有目标框的最小的框
x_max = 0
y_min = h
y_max = 0
for bbox in bboxes:
x_min = min(x_min, bbox[0])
y_min = min(y_min, bbox[1])
x_max = max(x_max, bbox[2])
y_max = max(y_max, bbox[3])
d_to_left = x_min # 包含所有目标框的最小框到左边的距离
d_to_right = w - x_max # 包含所有目标框的最小框到右边的距离
d_to_top = y_min # 包含所有目标框的最小框到顶端的距离
d_to_bottom = h - y_max # 包含所有目标框的最小框到底部的距离
# 随机扩展这个最小框
crop_x_min = int(x_min - random.uniform(0, d_to_left))
crop_y_min = int(y_min - random.uniform(0, d_to_top))
crop_x_max = int(x_max + random.uniform(0, d_to_right))
crop_y_max = int(y_max + random.uniform(0, d_to_bottom))
# 随机扩展这个最小框 , 防止别裁的太小
# crop_x_min = int(x_min - random.uniform(d_to_left//2, d_to_left))
# crop_y_min = int(y_min - random.uniform(d_to_top//2, d_to_top))
# crop_x_max = int(x_max + random.uniform(d_to_right//2, d_to_right))
# crop_y_max = int(y_max + random.uniform(d_to_bottom//2, d_to_bottom))
# 确保不要越界
crop_x_min = max(0, crop_x_min)
crop_y_min = max(0, crop_y_min)
crop_x_max = min(w, crop_x_max)
crop_y_max = min(h, crop_y_max)
crop_img = img[crop_y_min:crop_y_max, crop_x_min:crop_x_max]
# 裁剪boundingbox
# 裁剪后的boundingbox坐标计算
crop_bboxes = list()
for bbox in bboxes:
crop_bboxes.append([bbox[0] - crop_x_min, bbox[1] - crop_y_min, bbox[2] - crop_x_min, bbox[3] - crop_y_min])
return crop_img, crop_bboxes
# ---6.平移--- #
def _shift_pic_bboxes(self, img, bboxes):
'''
平移后的图片要包含所有的框
输入:
img:图像array
bboxes:该图像包含的所有boundingboxs,一个list,每个元素为[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max],要确保是数值
输出:
shift_img:平移后的图像array
shift_bboxes:平移后的bounding box的坐标list
'''
# 平移图像
w = img.shape[1]
h = img.shape[0]
x_min = w # 裁剪后的包含所有目标框的最小的框
x_max = 0
y_min = h
y_max = 0
for bbox in bboxes:
x_min = min(x_min, bbox[0])
y_min = min(y_min, bbox[1])
x_max = max(x_max, bbox[2])
y_max = max(y_max, bbox[3])
d_to_left = x_min # 包含所有目标框的最大左移动距离
d_to_right = w - x_max # 包含所有目标框的最大右移动距离
d_to_top = y_min # 包含所有目标框的最大上移动距离
d_to_bottom = h - y_max # 包含所有目标框的最大下移动距离
x = random.uniform(-(d_to_left - 1) / 3, (d_to_right - 1) / 3)
y = random.uniform(-(d_to_top - 1) / 3, (d_to_bottom - 1) / 3)
M = np.float32([[1, 0, x], [0, 1, y]]) # x为向左或右移动的像素值,正为向右负为向左; y为向上或者向下移动的像素值,正为向下负为向上
shift_img = cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (img.shape[1], img.shape[0]))
# 平移boundingbox
shift_bboxes = list()
for bbox in bboxes:
shift_bboxes.append([bbox[0] + x, bbox[1] + y, bbox[2] + x, bbox[3] + y])
return shift_img, shift_bboxes
# ---7.镜像--- #
def _filp_pic_bboxes(self, img, bboxes):
'''
平移后的图片要包含所有的框
输入:
img:图像array
bboxes:该图像包含的所有boundingboxs,一个list,每个元素为[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max],要确保是数值
输出:
flip_img:平移后的图像array
flip_bboxes:平移后的bounding box的坐标list
'''
# 翻转图像
flip_img = copy.deepcopy(img)
h, w, _ = img.shape
sed = random.random()
if 0 < sed < 0.33: # 0.33的概率水平翻转,0.33的概率垂直翻转,0.33是对角反转
flip_img = cv2.flip(flip_img, 0) # _flip_x
inver = 0
elif 0.33 < sed < 0.66:
flip_img = cv2.flip(flip_img, 1) # _flip_y
inver = 1
else:
flip_img = cv2.flip(flip_img, -1) # flip_x_y
inver = -1
# 调整boundingbox
flip_bboxes = list()
for box in bboxes:
x_min = box[0]
y_min = box[1]
x_max = box[2]
y_max = box[3]
if inver == 0:
# 0:垂直翻转
flip_bboxes.append([x_min, h - y_max, x_max, h - y_min])
elif inver == 1:
# 1:水平翻转
flip_bboxes.append([w - x_max, y_min, w - x_min, y_max])
elif inver == -1:
# -1:水平垂直翻转
flip_bboxes.append([w - x_max, h - y_max, w - x_min, h - y_min])
return flip_img, flip_bboxes
# 图像增强方法
def dataAugment(self, img, bboxes):
'''
图像增强
输入:
img:图像array
bboxes:该图像的所有框坐标
输出:
img:增强后的图像
bboxes:增强后图片对应的box
'''
change_num = 0 # 改变的次数
# print('------')
while change_num < 1: # 默认至少有一种数据增强生效
if self.is_rotate_img_bbox:
if random.random() > self.rotation_rate: # 旋转
change_num += 1
angle = random.uniform(-self.max_rotation_angle, self.max_rotation_angle)
scale = random.uniform(0.7, 0.8)
img, bboxes = self._rotate_img_bbox(img, bboxes, angle, scale)
if self.is_shift_pic_bboxes:
if random.random() < self.shift_rate: # 平移
change_num += 1
img, bboxes = self._shift_pic_bboxes(img, bboxes)
if self.is_changeLight:
if random.random() > self.change_light_rate: # 改变亮度
change_num += 1
img = self._changeLight(img)
if self.is_addNoise:
if random.random() < self.add_noise_rate: # 加噪声
change_num += 1
img = self._addNoise(img)
if self.is_cutout:
if random.random() < self.cutout_rate: # cutout
change_num += 1
img = self._cutout(img, bboxes, length=self.cut_out_length, n_holes=self.cut_out_holes,
threshold=self.cut_out_threshold)
if self.is_filp_pic_bboxes:
if random.random() < self.flip_rate: # 翻转
change_num += 1
img, bboxes = self._filp_pic_bboxes(img, bboxes)
return img, bboxes
# xml解析工具
class ToolHelper():
# 从xml文件中提取bounding box信息, 格式为[[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max, name]]
def parse_xml(self, path):
'''
输入:
xml_path: xml的文件路径
输出:
从xml文件中提取bounding box信息, 格式为[[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max, name]]
'''
tree = ET.parse(path)
root = tree.getroot()
objs = root.findall('object')
coords = list()
for ix, obj in enumerate(objs):
name = obj.find('name').text
box = obj.find('bndbox')
x_min = int(box[0].text)
y_min = int(box[1].text)
x_max = int(box[2].text)
y_max = int(box[3].text)
coords.append([x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max, name])
return coords
# 保存图片结果
def save_img(self, file_name, save_folder, img):
cv2.imwrite(os.path.join(save_folder, file_name), img)
# 保持xml结果
def save_xml(self, file_name, save_folder, img_info, height, width, channel, bboxs_info):
'''
:param file_name:文件名
:param save_folder:#保存的xml文件的结果
:param height:图片的信息
:param width:图片的宽度
:param channel:通道
:return:
'''
folder_name, img_name = img_info # 得到图片的信息
E = objectify.ElementMaker(annotate=False)
anno_tree = E.annotation(
E.folder(folder_name),
E.filename(img_name),
E.path(os.path.join(folder_name, img_name)),
E.source(
E.database('Unknown'),
),
E.size(
E.width(width),
E.height(height),
E.depth(channel)
),
E.segmented(0),
)
labels, bboxs = bboxs_info # 得到边框和标签信息
for label, box in zip(labels, bboxs):
anno_tree.append(
E.object(
E.name(label),
E.pose('Unspecified'),
E.truncated('0'),
E.difficult('0'),
E.bndbox(
E.xmin(box[0]),
E.ymin(box[1]),
E.xmax(box[2]),
E.ymax(box[3])
)
))
etree.ElementTree(anno_tree).write(os.path.join(save_folder, file_name), pretty_print=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
need_aug_num = 5 # 每张图片需要增强的次数
is_endwidth_dot = True # 文件是否以.jpg或者png结尾
dataAug = DataAugmentForObjectDetection() # 数据增强工具类
toolhelper = ToolHelper() # 工具
# 获取相关参数
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--source_img_path', type=str, default=r'F:\yolov5\datasets\splitsets\train\images')
parser.add_argument('--source_xml_path', type=str, default=r'F:\yolov5\datasets\splitsets\train\labels')
parser.add_argument('--save_img_path', type=str, default=r'F:\yolov5\datasets\splitsets\train\enhance_images')
parser.add_argument('--save_xml_path', type=str, default=r'F:\yolov5\datasets\splitsets\train\enhance_labels')
args = parser.parse_args()
source_img_path = args.source_img_path # 图片原始位置
source_xml_path = args.source_xml_path # xml的原始位置
save_img_path = args.save_img_path # 图片增强结果保存文件
save_xml_path = args.save_xml_path # xml增强结果保存文件
# 如果保存文件夹不存在就创建
if not os.path.exists(save_img_path):
os.mkdir(save_img_path)
if not os.path.exists(save_xml_path):
os.mkdir(save_xml_path)
for parent, _, files in os.walk(source_img_path):
files.sort()
for file in files:
cnt = 0
pic_path = os.path.join(parent, file)
xml_path = os.path.join(source_xml_path, file[:-4] + '.xml')
values = toolhelper.parse_xml(xml_path) # 解析得到box信息,格式为[[x_min,y_min,x_max,y_max,name]]
coords = [v[:4] for v in values] # 得到框
labels = [v[-1] for v in values] # 对象的标签
# 如果图片是有后缀的
if is_endwidth_dot:
# 找到文件的最后名字
dot_index = file.rfind('.')
_file_prefix = file[:dot_index] # 文件名的前缀
_file_suffix = file[dot_index:] # 文件名的后缀
img = cv2.imread(pic_path)
# show_pic(img, coords) # 显示原图
while cnt < need_aug_num: # 继续增强
auged_img, auged_bboxes = dataAug.dataAugment(img, coords)
auged_bboxes_int = np.array(auged_bboxes).astype(np.int32)
height, width, channel = auged_img.shape # 得到图片的属性
img_name = '{}_{}{}'.format(_file_prefix, cnt + 1, _file_suffix) # 图片保存的信息
toolhelper.save_img(img_name, save_img_path,
auged_img) # 保存增强图片
toolhelper.save_xml('{}_{}.xml'.format(_file_prefix, cnt + 1),
save_xml_path, (save_img_path, img_name), height, width, channel,
(labels, auged_bboxes_int)) # 保存xml文件
# show_pic(auged_img, auged_bboxes) # 强化后的图
print(img_name)
cnt += 1 # 继续增强下一张
3、修改运行
- 修改文件路径
- 这里设置增强5次
- 选用特定方法,这里选择不使用镜像,修改格式如下:
下面为增强之后的图片效果,这里可以看到每张图片增强5次
注意事项
深度学习中训练集需要数据增强,验证集和测试集不需要做数据增强
1、验证集和测试集不需要扩充,数据扩充指针对训练集。
2、比例指的是对原始数据划分的比例,不考虑增强后的。
3、首先要明白做数据增强的意义,是为了利用现有训练集的数据,通过增强变换获得更丰富的信息,从而在测试集(验证机)上获得更好的泛化能力;
4、如果先做增强再进行数据集的划分,那么会出现信息泄露的问题,导致同一张图片增强后的多张图片分别出现在训练集和测试集(验证集),那么由于在训练集里见过相似度很高的图片,测试(验证)的准确率就会很高,这时的测试准确率结果是不可靠的。
将增强后的数据与原数据合并,最终得到5964张照片
4、将xml文件转为txt文件
YOLO识别的格式为txt,这里将xml转成txt,代码如下:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import os
from os import getcwd
import glob
# 1.自己创建文件夹,例如:label_mal label_txt 也可以修改别的
image_set = r'labels_xml' # 需要转换的文件夹名称(文件夹内放xml标签文件)
imageset2 = r'labels' # 保存txt的文件夹
# 2.换成你的类别 当前的顺序,就txt 0,1,2,3 四个类别
classes = ['green-circle','green-left','green-straight','green-right','red-circle',
'red-left','red-straight','red-right','yellow-circle','yellow-left',
'yellow-straight','yellow-right'] # 标注时的标签 注意顺序一定不要错。
# 3.转换文件夹的绝对路径
data_dir = r'F:\yolov5\datasets\splitsets\train'
'''
xml中框的左上角坐标和右下角坐标(x1,y1,x2,y2)
》》txt中的中心点坐标和宽和高(x,y,w,h),并且归一化
'''
def convert(size, box):
dw = 1. / size[0]
dh = 1. / size[1]
x = (box[0] + box[1]) / 2.0
y = (box[2] + box[3]) / 2.0
w = box[1] - box[0]
h = box[3] - box[2]
x = x * dw
w = w * dw
y = y * dh
h = h * dh
return (x, y, w, h)
def convert_annotation(data_dir, imageset1, imageset2, image_id):
in_file = open(data_dir + '/%s/%s.xml' % (imageset1, image_id), encoding='UTF-8') # 读取xml
out_file = open(data_dir + '/%s/%s.txt' % (imageset2, image_id), 'w', encoding='UTF-8') # 保存txt
tree = ET.parse(in_file)
root = tree.getroot()
size = root.find('size')
w = int(size.find('width').text)
h = int(size.find('height').text)
for obj in root.iter('object'):
difficult = obj.find('difficult').text
cls = obj.find('name').text
if cls not in classes or int(difficult) == 1:
continue
cls_id = classes.index(cls) # 获取类别索引
xmlbox = obj.find('bndbox')
b = (float(xmlbox.find('xmin').text), float(xmlbox.find('xmax').text), float(xmlbox.find('ymin').text),
float(xmlbox.find('ymax').text))
bb = convert((w, h), b)
out_file.write(str(cls_id) + " " + " ".join([str('%.6f' % a) for a in bb]) + '\n')
image_ids = []
for x in glob.glob(data_dir + '/%s' % image_set + '/*.xml'):
image_ids.append(os.path.basename(x)[:-4])
print('\n%s数量:' % image_set, len(image_ids)) # 确认数量
i = 0
for image_id in image_ids:
i = i + 1
convert_annotation(data_dir, image_set, imageset2, image_id)
print("%s 数据:%s/%s文件完成!" % (image_set, i, len(image_ids)))
print("Done!!!")
修改代码中的路径与类别数量
最终将格式转成txt格式!
操作完成之后,文件夹的结构如下所示:
好了,到这一步关于数据集的处理到此结束,接下来就是开始训练的阶段!