kubernetes(K8S)学习（六）：K8S之Dashboard图形界面

K8S之Dashboard图形界面

一、Dashboard简介
二、k8s安装Dashboard
- (1)下载Dashboard镜像（可选）
- (2)根据yaml文件创建资源
- (3)查看资源
- (4)生成登录需要的token
- (5)使用火狐 / 搜狗浏览器访问（个人用的搜狗）

一、Dashboard简介

官网：https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/

Dashboard是基于web的Kubernetes用户界面。您可以使用指示板将容器化的应用程序部署到Kubernetes集群，对容器化的应用程序进行故障排除，并管理集群资源。您可以使用Dashboard来获得运行在集群上的应用程序的概览，以及创建或修改单独的Kubernetes资源(例如部署、作业、守护进程集等)。例如，您可以扩展部署、发起滚动更新、重新启动pod或使用部署向导部署新的应用程序。

二、k8s安装Dashboard

(1)下载Dashboard镜像（`可选`）

提前下载Dashboard镜像（可选）：

[root@m test]# docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0

也可上传至私有仓库（可选）：

# 启动私有仓库
[root@m test]# docker start registry
# 给镜像打tag
[root@m test]# docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0 192.168.116.170:5000/mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
# push镜像到私有仓库
[root@m test]# docker push 192.168.116.70:5000/mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0

(2)根据yaml文件创建资源

[root@m test]# vi dashboard.yaml

内容（如果可能，注意修改其中的dashboard镜像地址（大约44行））:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    # Allows editing resource and makes sure it is created first.
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      annotations:
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'docker/default'
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 300Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 50m
            memory: 100Mi
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8443
          protocol: TCP
        args:
          # PLATFORM-SPECIFIC ARGS HERE
          - --auto-generate-certificates
        volumeMounts:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          mountPath: /certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          mountPath: /tmp
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            scheme: HTTPS
            path: /
            port: 8443
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        secret:
          secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
      - name: tmp-volume
        emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      tolerations:
      - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
        operator: "Exists"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
  verbs: ["get", "update"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster"]
  verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services/proxy"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    # Allows editing resource and makes sure it is created first.
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    # Allows editing resource and makes sure it is created first.
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  ports:
  - port: 443
    targetPort: 8443
    nodePort: 30018
  type: NodePort

创建资源：

[root@m test]# kubectl apply -f dashboard.yaml
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
[root@m test]#

(3)查看资源

[root@m test]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
[root@m test]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
[root@m test]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
[root@m test]# kubectl get deploy kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system

# 查看pod创建详情：
[root@m test]# kubectl describe pod kubernetes-dashboard-7bdfc744fc-hmhh2 -n kube-system

(4)生成登录需要的token

# 创建service account
kubectl create sa dashboard-admin -n kube-system


kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

# 查看dashboard-admin的secret名字
ADMIN_SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets -n kube-system | grep dashboard-admin | awk '{print $1}')
echo ADMIN_SECRET

# 打印secret的token
kubectl describe secret -n kube-system ${ADMIN_SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}'

# (1)创建service account
[root@m test]# kubectl create sa dashboard-admin -n kube-system
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
[root@m test]# 

# (2)创建角色绑定关系
[root@m test]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin created
[root@m test]# 

# (3)查看dashboard-admin的secret名字
[root@m test]# ADMIN_SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets -n kube-system | grep dashboard-admin | awk '{print $1}')
[root@m test]# echo ADMIN_SECRET
ADMIN_SECRET
[root@m test]# 

# (4)打印secret的token（浏览器访问需要）
[root@m test]# kubectl describe secret -n kube-system ${ADMIN_SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}'
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.nafBF2TUqen-4LFLQHdOWZ8XZ08k1rzBMkR0vEvFov6c0DVTUUlwX4-Uxe_OCep8gQgOphlJ3SXUNwCkFvONzxzR5799JeiLr3ahUaVhuMB12m45KHRPE-95pRvgFzs7OpPKiIxEn1cUMtErKdDPRo1zNBB-PzE95-5RGFimrdw-maP2yMo1auAgMow-JjHXhGTLeujDacEdcBWm5YbgFbaD3AkUd_c9EjbokR4-yT4iMd99tD4TwZqjYpUI_Qm76rV54qqylyf5LaOssR2scoiwA2TVHGA4ElMMOng_HqRjJJzmHux9-unakNfM5z8wtTAbJow8r7XHM6IfhxfLSg
[root@m test]#