队列
- 队列(queue)
- 1.队列的特点
- 2.数组模拟队列JAVA代码
- 3.上述过程优化
博文主要是自己学习的笔记,供自己以后复习使用,
参考的主要教程是B站的
尚硅谷数据结构和算法
队列(queue)
1.队列的特点
1)队列是一个有序列表,可以用数组或者链表来实现
2)遵循先进先出的原则:先存入队列的数据,要先取出。
用数组模拟队列的示意图:
初始化:rear=front=-1,都指向队列的前一个元素
入队:rear++
出队:front++
判空:rear==front
判满:rear = maxSize - 1
2.数组模拟队列JAVA代码
class ArrayQueue {
private int maxSize;//最大容量
private int front;//队列头
private int rear;//队列尾
private int[] arr;//存放数组
//创建队列的构造器
public ArrayQueue(int maxSize) {
this.maxSize = maxSize;
arr = new int[maxSize];
front = -1;
rear = -1;
}
//判断队列是否已满
public boolean isFull() {
return rear == maxSize - 1;
}
//判断队列是否为空
public boolean isEmpty() {
return rear == front;
}
//添加数据到队列
public void addQueue(int data) {
if (isFull()) {
System.out.println("队列已满");
} else {
rear++;
arr[rear] = data;
}
}
//获取队列的数据,出队列
public int getQueue() {
if (isEmpty()) {
//通过抛出异常
throw new RuntimeException("队列为空");
} else {
front++;
return arr[front];
}
}
//显示队列的所有数据
public void showQueue() {
//遍历
if (isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("队列空,没有数据~~~");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
System.out.printf("arr[%d]=%d\n", i, arr[i]);
}
}
//显示队列的头数据,注意不是取数据
public int headQueue() {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("队列为空~~~");
}
return arr[front + 1];
}
}
测试代码
public class ArrayQueueDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//测试
ArrayQueue arrayQueue = new ArrayQueue(3);
char key = ' ';
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
boolean loop = true;
while (loop) {
System.out.println("s(show): 显示队列");
System.out.println("e(exit): 退出程序");
System.out.println("a(add): 添加数据到队列");
System.out.println("g(get): 从队列取数据");
System.out.println("h(head): 查看队列头的数据");
key = scanner.next().charAt(0); //接受一个字符
switch (key) {
case 's':
arrayQueue.showQueue();
break;
case 'a':
System.out.println("请输入数据");
int data = scanner.nextInt();
arrayQueue.addQueue(data);
break;
case 'g':
try {
int res = arrayQueue.getQueue();
System.out.printf("取出的数据是%d\n", res);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
break;
case 'h':
try {
int res = arrayQueue.headQueue();
System.out.printf("队列头的数据是%d\n", res);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
break;
case 'e':
scanner.close();
loop = false;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
3.上述过程优化
上述代码存在问题:
队列不管是存还是取都是++操作,因此上述队列只能用一次
**优化手段:**改为环形的队列,利用取模的操作实现。
初始化:rear=front=0,front指向当前元素,rear指向当前元素的后一个位置,空出一个空间作为约定
入队:rear = (rear+1)%maxSize
出队:front= (front+1)%maxSize
判空:rear==front
判满:(rear+1)%maxSize = front
有效数据个数(rear - front + maxSize) % maxSize
JAVA代码实现
class CircleArray {
private int maxSize;
private int front;
private int rear;
private int[] arr;
public CircleArray(int maxSize) {
this.maxSize = maxSize;
rear = 0;
front = 0;
arr = new int[maxSize];
}
//判断队列是否已满
public boolean isFull() {
return (rear + 1) % maxSize == front;
}
//判断队列是否为空
public boolean isEmpty() {
return rear == front;
}
//添加数据到队列
public void addQueue(int data) {
if (isFull()) {
System.out.println("队列已满");
} else {
arr[rear] = data;
rear = (rear + 1) % maxSize;
}
}
//获取队列的数据,出队列
public int getQueue() {
if (isEmpty()) {
//通过抛出异常
throw new RuntimeException("队列为空");
} else {
int temp = arr[front];
front = (front + 1) % maxSize;
return temp;
}
}
//显示队列的所有数据
public void showQueue() {
//遍历
if (isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("队列空,没有数据~~~");
return;
}
for (int i = front; i < front +size(); i++) {
System.out.printf("arr[%d]=%d\n", i % maxSize, arr[i % maxSize]);
}
}
//显示队列的头数据,注意不是取数据
public int headQueue() {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("队列为空~~~");
}
return arr[front];
}
//显示队列的头数据,注意不是取数据
public int size() {
return (rear - front + maxSize) % maxSize;
}
}
测试代码
public class CircleArrayQueueDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//测试
CircleArray arrayQueue = new CircleArray(4);
char key = ' ';
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
boolean loop = true;
while (loop) {
System.out.println("s(show): 显示队列");
System.out.println("e(exit): 退出程序");
System.out.println("a(add): 添加数据到队列");
System.out.println("g(get): 从队列取数据");
System.out.println("h(head): 查看队列头的数据");
key = scanner.next().charAt(0); //接受一个字符
switch (key) {
case 's':
arrayQueue.showQueue();
break;
case 'a':
System.out.println("请输入数据");
int data = scanner.nextInt();
arrayQueue.addQueue(data);
break;
case 'g':
try {
int res = arrayQueue.getQueue();
System.out.printf("取出的数据是%d\n", res);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
break;
case 'h':
try {
int res = arrayQueue.headQueue();
System.out.printf("队列头的数据是%d\n", res);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
break;
case 'e':
scanner.close();
loop = false;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}