写在最前

本文以为Azure Devlop的平台为例子操作三种获取Git权限的办法
Github、Gitlab、Gitee、Gitcode等平台操作类似
主要是便于理解获取Git权限的几种采用方式
Git工具安装时，如果没有特别勾选不安装SSH，默认是Git安装好之后是会携带了SSH工具
本文以git clone指令拉取代码为例子，当没有权限获取项目时，会出现类似错误：

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest $ git clone
https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'... fatal: User canceled authentication.
error: unable to read askpass response from
'D:/Git/mingw64/bin/git-askpass.exe' Password for
'https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject':
fatal: Authentication failed for
'https://dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject/'

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest $ git clone
git@ssh.dev.azure.com:v3/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'... Load key
"/c/Users/R7000/.ssh/id_rsa": invalid format git@ssh.dev.azure.com's
password: Permission denied, please try again. git@ssh.dev.azure.com's
password: Permission denied, please try again. git@ssh.dev.azure.com's
password: git@ssh.dev.azure.com: Permission denied
(password,publickey). fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights and the repository
exists.

1. HTTPS配合用户名和密码访问Git

1.1 获取当前项目的用户和密码

1. 选择项目的方式为HTTPS：
1. 生成用户名和密码

1.2 通过临时用户获取Git权限

1. 由于Azure比较特殊会提示登录VS，这边取消了登录VS会提示fatal: User canceled authentication.但是用户名和密码是可以使用的

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest
$ git clone https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'...
fatal: User canceled authentication.
remote: Azure Repos
remote: Found 22 objects to send. (2 ms)
Unpacking objects: 100% (22/22), 5.62 KiB | 122.00 KiB/s, done.

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest/GitTestProject (main)
$ git status
On branch main
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

nothing to commit, working tree clean

1. 这里打开项目里面的.git文件夹查看config文件

[core]
	repositoryformatversion = 0
	filemode = false
	bare = false
	logallrefupdates = true
	symlinks = false
	ignorecase = true
[remote "origin"]
	url = https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
[branch "main"]
	remote = origin
	merge = refs/heads/main

2. HTTPS配合token访问Git

2.1 创建token

1. 点击Personal access token按钮创建token
1. 跳转之后点击New token

在这里插入图片描述

1. 输入名字和时间以及权限之后创建token，千万保存并记录好token秘钥那串字符数字

在这里插入图片描述

1. 有意思的是之前自动生成用户名和密码实际上也是携带了一个token，为什么这么猜测呢，因为之后查看用token获取权限后的config文件可以看出

2.2 HTTPS配合token获取Git权限

1. 同样拉去代码，选择HTTPS的方式，这里不需要创建用户名和密码

在这里插入图片描述

1. 打开git bash，手动在git 连接前面 @开头的信息去掉换成token信息，即原来的git连接为https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject现在的为https://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX7pgv6xxfeigim7ygw3lydz4xbpo7vyy2q@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest
$ git clone https://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX7pgv6xxfeigim7ygw3lydz4xbpo7vyy2q@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'...
remote: Azure Repos
remote: Found 22 objects to send. (19 ms)
Unpacking objects: 100% (22/22), 5.62 KiB | 85.00 KiB/s, done.

1. 此时的项目下的git config信息中的URL是携带token的，可以猜测之前随机生成的用户名和密码时，也是携带了token信息

[core]
	repositoryformatversion = 0
	filemode = false
	bare = false
	logallrefupdates = true
	symlinks = false
	ignorecase = true
[remote "origin"]
	url = https://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX7pgv6xxfeigim7ygw3lydz4xbpo7vyy2q@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
[branch "main"]
	remote = origin
	merge = refs/heads/main

3. SSH访问Git

3.1 生成SSH公钥和私钥

1. 打开cmd或者git bash，输入ssh-keygen -t rsa，为了方便，提示选项可以enter键跳过，最后生成文件在C盘用户目录的.ssh文件夹下，如这里的/c/Users/R7000/.ssh/，其中.pub为公钥

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/R7000/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/R7000/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/R7000/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:QevS8lBgx8OihC4ipYP+4fmg1vBuH9DrXTuzqRHmq2A R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|   .  ooo        |
|  o ...++.       |
|.+ . . .+.       |
|B . o  + .       |
|+o . .+oS        |
| o .. +=.        |
|  *Eoo o..       |
| .oB+ o +oo      |
|..o.o=.+.++      |
+----[SHA256]-----+

在这里插入图片描述

1. 复制公钥信息，到代码仓库的SSH中

在这里插入图片描述

1. 点击添加SSH KEY：
1. 将公钥信息复制进去，其中Name自定义

在这里插入图片描述

3.2 使用SSH获取Git权限

1. 添加成功SSH信息之后，利用SSH连接就可以直接获取Git权限了

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest
$ git clone git@ssh.dev.azure.com:v3/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'...
remote: Azure Repos
remote: Found 22 objects to send. (6 ms)
Receiving objects: 100% (22/22), 5.64 KiB | 1.41 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done.