1. 源由

图像的平移和旋转是图像编辑中最基本的操作之一。两者都属于广义仿射变换的范畴。

因此，在研究更复杂的变换之前，首先学习使用OpenCV中提供的函数旋转和平移图像。

2. translate/rotate应用Demo

005_rotate_and_translate_image是OpenCV平移和旋转的示例程序。

确认OpenCV安装路径：

$ find /home/daniel/ -name "OpenCVConfig.cmake"
/home/daniel/OpenCV/installation/opencv-4.9.0/lib/cmake/opencv4/
/home/daniel/OpenCV/opencv/build/OpenCVConfig.cmake
/home/daniel/OpenCV/opencv/build/unix-install/OpenCVConfig.cmake


$ export OpenCV_DIR=/home/daniel/OpenCV/installation/opencv-4.9.0/lib/cmake/opencv4/

3 translate_image

3.1 C++应用Demo

C++应用Demo工程结构：

005_rotate_and_translate_image/CPP$ tree .
.
└── translate_image
    ├── CMakeLists.txt
    ├── image.jpg
    └── translate_image.cpp

2 directories, 6 files

C++应用Demo工程编译执行：

$ cd translate_image
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake ..
$ cmake --build . --config Release
$ cd ..
$ ./build/translate_image

3.2 Python应用Demo

Python应用Demo工程结构：

005_rotate_and_translate_image/Python$ tree .
.
├── image.jpg
├── image_translation.py
├── requirements.txt
└── rotate_image.py

0 directories, 4 files

Python应用Demo工程执行：

$ workoncv-4.9.0
$ python image_translation.py

3.3 平移图像过程

引入平移矩阵对图像进行移动：

• $t_x$: X方向，正数向右移动；反之向左移动。
• $t_y$: Y方向，正数向下移动；反之向上移动。

C++:

// get tx and ty values for translation
float tx = float(width) / 4;
float ty = float(height) / 4;
// create the translation matrix using tx and ty
float warp_values[] = { 1.0, 0.0, tx, 0.0, 1.0, ty };
Mat translation_matrix = Mat(2, 3, CV_32F, warp_values);

// we will save the resulting image in translated_image matrix
Mat translated_image;
// apply affine transformation to the original image using translation matrix
warpAffine(image, translated_image, translation_matrix, image.size());

Python:

# get tx and ty values for translation
tx, ty = width / 4, height / 4 # you divide by value of your choice
# create the translation matrix using tx and ty, it is a NumPy array 
translation_matrix = np.array([
    [1, 0, tx],
    [0, 1, ty]
], dtype=np.float32)

# apply the translation to the image
translated_image = cv2.warpAffine(
    src=image, M=translation_matrix, dsize=(width, height)
)

4. rotate_image

4.1 C++应用Demo

C++应用Demo工程结构：

005_rotate_and_translate_image/CPP$ tree .
.
└── rotate_image
    ├── CMakeLists.txt
    ├── image.jpg
    └── rotate_image.cpp

2 directories, 6 files

C++应用Demo工程编译执行：

$ cd rotate_image
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake ..
$ cmake --build . --config Release
$ cd ..
$ ./build/rotate_image

4.2 Python应用Demo

Python应用Demo工程结构：

005_rotate_and_translate_image/Python$ tree .
.
├── image.jpg
├── image_translation.py
├── requirements.txt
└── rotate_image.py

0 directories, 4 files

Python应用Demo工程执行：

$ workoncv-4.9.0
$ python rotate_image.py

4.3 旋转图像过程

沿旋转中心点进行角度旋转，采用线性代数矩阵运算：

• 旋转中心点：采用了图片的重心
• 旋转角度：示例为45度

C++:

double angle = 45;

// get the center coordinates of the image to create the 2D rotation matrix
Point2f center((image.cols - 1) / 2.0, (image.rows - 1) / 2.0);
// create the rotation matrix using the image center
Mat rotation_matix = getRotationMatrix2D(center, angle, 1.0);

// we will save the resulting image in rotated_image matrix
Mat rotated_image;
// apply affine transformation to the original image using the 2D rotaiton matrix
warpAffine(image, rotated_image, rotation_matix, image.size());

Python:

# dividing height and width by 2 to get the center of the image
height, width = image.shape[:2]
center = (width/2, height/2)

# the above center is the center of rotation axis
# using cv2.getRotationMatrix2D() to get the rotation matrix
rotate_matrix = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(center=center, angle=45, scale=1)

# rotate the image using cv2.warpAffine
rotated_image = cv2.warpAffine(src=image, M=rotate_matrix, dsize=(width, height))

5. 总结

通过对NumPy二维数组操作，对图像进行旋转和移动。

• getRotationMatrix2D(center, angle, scale)

• center: 旋转中心点
• angle: 旋转角度
• scale: 缩放尺寸

• warpAffine(src, M, dsize[, dst[, flags[, borderMode[, borderValue]]]])

• src: 源图像数组
• M: 转换矩阵
• dsize: 输出图像尺寸
• dst: 输出图像
• flags: 插值方法, INTER_LINEAR or INTER_NEAREST
• borderMode: 像素外推方法
• borderValue: 在恒定边界的情况下使用的值，默认值为0

6. 参考资料

【1】ubuntu22.04@laptop OpenCV Get Started
【2】ubuntu22.04@laptop OpenCV安装
【3】ubuntu22.04@laptop OpenCV定制化安装