目录
1.环境信息
2.搭建过程
2.1 安装Docker源
2.2 安装Docker
2.3 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
2.4 部署Kubernetes Master(node1)
2.5 安装Pod网络插件（CNI）
2.6 加入Kubernetes Node
2.7 测试kubernetes集群
3.部署 Dashboard
3.1 在node1上新建文件:kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
3.2 Docker拉去镜像
1.环境信息
阿里云服务器每台服务器可有两个IP,一个是供外网直接访问,另一个内网,我的服务器配置是:
172.16.247.250 node1
172.16.247.248 node2
172.16.247.249 node3
通xshell连接,我配置node1就是master
关闭防火墙(所有服务器上执行)
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久关闭将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
2.搭建过程
所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet
2.1 安装Docker源
yum install -y wget && wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
2.2 安装Docker
yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
开启自启和启动
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker查看版本
docker --version
2.3 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
添加阿里云YUM的软件源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl ,由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：
yum install -y kubelet-1.15.0 kubeadm-1.15.0 kubectl-1.15.0
设置开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet2.4 部署Kubernetes Master(node1)
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.16.247.250 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.15.0 \
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16在node1上执行
使用kubectl工具
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
2.5 安装Pod网络插件（CNI）
在node1服务器上新建文件:kube-flannel.yml
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni-plugin
image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.0
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
volumeMounts:
- name: cni-plugin
mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.15.1
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.15.1
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni-plugin
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
然后在node1上执行:
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
2.6 加入Kubernetes Node
剩下的node2 node3分别执行:
docker pull lizhenliang/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：
kubeadm join 172.16.247.250:6443 --token y7z5d4.3q8basg1rhwfqeo2 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:775f6b8fe3c32065d76cc670e48757135e2d1be30b4362e0c80f9f190f2356c2 
查看Node
kubectl get node
node1 服务器上执行
2.7 测试kubernetes集群
在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：
创建nginx容器
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx暴露对外端口
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort查看nginx是否运行成功
kubectl get pod,svc
这个时候,在阿云安全组,打开这个端口可访问,否则是无法访问的确
浏览器分别执行:
http://47.100.41.232:30415/
http://101.132.190.9:30415/
http://101.132.190.9:30415/
三个结点都可访问，说明集群已经搭建完成
扩容nginx副本wei3个，成功
kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
kubectl get pods
3.部署 Dashboard
3.1 在node1上新建文件:kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
rules:
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
# Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: lizhenliang/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
3.2 Docker拉去镜像
docker pull lizhenliang/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
执行kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 文件
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 查看暴露的端口
kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system
访问 Dashboard的web界面注意，http，是无法访问的
阿里云服务器还得开通端口访问才可以:
https://47.100.41.232:30001/#!/login
创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
三台服务器都可以访问到
https://47.100.41.232:30001/#!/storageclass?namespace=default
https://101.132.190.9:30001/#!/overview?namespace=default
https://101.132.186.133:30001/#!/overview?namespace=default
k8s集群搭建完成
参考文献:
kubeadm部署Kubernetes（k8s）完整版详细教程_kubadm 安装k8s-CSDN博客
![[HCIE]防火墙基础配置](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/271fca66d0834f1183b65c86cbafda3d.png)
