文章目录
- 连连看小游戏：用Python Tkinter打造的精彩游戏体验
- 游戏简介
- 技术背景
- MainWindow类:
- 职责:
- 方法:
- Point类:
- 主执行部分:
- 完整代码：
- 总结：
连连看小游戏：用Python Tkinter打造的精彩游戏体验
在丰富多彩的游戏世界中，连连看作为一种经典的解谜游戏一直备受欢迎。连连看的玩法简单却富有挑战性，通过消除相同图标的配对，玩家可以不断地挑战自己的观察力和反应速度。
游戏简介
连连看是一种考验玩家眼力和逻辑思维的益智游戏，也是一种常见的休闲娱乐方式。游戏的基本规则是通过连接两个相同图标的路径，消除所有的图标。路径连接可以是直线、一次拐弯或两次拐弯。只有在路径不被其他图标遮挡的情况下，连接才会有效。
技术背景
本次实现采用了Python编程语言，并利用Tkinter库作为图形用户界面的构建工具。Tkinter是Python内建的GUI工具包，它提供了创建窗口、按钮、菜单等常见GUI元素的功能，极大地简化了图形界面的开发过程。通过结合Python的易读性和Tkinter的灵活性，我们可以迅速实现一个简单而有趣的连连看小游戏。
MainWindow类:
职责:
- 代表游戏的主窗口。
- 使用Tkinter处理GUI元素。
- 管理游戏的初始化、地图绘制、处理用户点击以及检查游戏结束条件。
代码示例：
class MainWindow():
# ... (其他代码)
def __init__(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
# ... (其他初始化代码)
def __addComponets(self):
self.menubar = tk.Menu(self.root, bg="lightgrey", fg="black")
# ... (其他菜单初始化代码)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.root, bg='white', width=450, height=450)
self.canvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, pady=5)
self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', self.clickCanvas)
# ... (其他画布初始化代码)
def centerWindow(self, width, height):
# ... (屏幕居中代码)
def file_new(self, event=None):
# ... (新游戏初始化代码)
def clickCanvas(self, event):
# ... (处理画布点击事件的代码)
# ... (其他方法)
方法:
__init__: 初始化主窗口并设置组件。__addComponets: 添加组件，如菜单和画布到窗口。centerWindow: 将窗口居中于屏幕。file_new: 初始化并开始新游戏。clickCanvas: 处理游戏画布上的鼠标点击。isGameEnd: 检查游戏是否结束。extractSmallIconList: 从较大的图像中加载并提取小图标。iniMap: 使用随机图标初始化游戏地图。drawMap: 在画布上绘制游戏地图。
包含用于坐标计算、绘制选定区域、清除连接块以及检查地图中空白区域的各种辅助方法。
Point类:
- 表示游戏网格上的二维点。
- 提供用于检查有用性、相等性、克隆和更改坐标的方法。
class Point():
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def isUserful(self):
return self.x >= 0 and self.y >= 0
def isEqual(self, point):
return self.x == point.x and self.y == point.y
def clone(self):
return Point(self.x, self.y)
def changeTo(self, point):
self.x = point.x
self.y = point.y
方法:
__init__: 使用x和y坐标初始化点。isUserful: 检查点的坐标是否为非负数。isEqual: 检查两个点是否相等。clone: 创建点的克隆。changeTo: 更改点的坐标以匹配另一个点。
主执行部分:
创建MainWindow类的实例以启动游戏。
MainWindow()
完整代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Date : 2017-10-02 15:19:24
# @Author : Salamander (1906747819@qq.com)
# @Link : http://blog.51lucy.com
import os, random
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
class MainWindow():
__gameTitle = "连连看游戏"
__windowWidth = 700
__windowHeigth = 500
__icons = []
__gameSize = 10 # 游戏尺寸
__iconKind = __gameSize * __gameSize / 4 # 小图片种类数量
__iconWidth = 40
__iconHeight = 40
__map = [] # 游戏地图
__delta = 25
__isFirst = True
__isGameStart = False
__formerPoint = None
EMPTY = -1
NONE_LINK = 0
STRAIGHT_LINK = 1
ONE_CORNER_LINK = 2
TWO_CORNER_LINK = 3
def __init__(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.title(self.__gameTitle)
self.centerWindow(self.__windowWidth, self.__windowHeigth)
self.root.minsize(460, 460)
self.__addComponets()
self.extractSmallIconList()
self.root.mainloop()
def __addComponets(self):
self.menubar = tk.Menu(self.root, bg="lightgrey", fg="black")
self.file_menu = tk.Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=0, bg="lightgrey", fg="black")
self.file_menu.add_command(label="新游戏", command=self.file_new, accelerator="Ctrl+N")
self.menubar.add_cascade(label="游戏", menu=self.file_menu)
self.root.configure(menu=self.menubar)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.root, bg = 'white', width = 450, height = 450)
self.canvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, pady = 5)
self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', self.clickCanvas)
def centerWindow(self, width, height):
screenwidth = self.root.winfo_screenwidth()
screenheight = self.root.winfo_screenheight()
size = '%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, (screenwidth - width)/2, (screenheight - height)/2)
self.root.geometry(size)
def file_new(self, event=None):
self.iniMap()
self.drawMap()
self.__isGameStart = True
def clickCanvas(self, event):
if self.__isGameStart:
point = self.getInnerPoint(Point(event.x, event.y))
# 有效点击坐标
if point.isUserful() and not self.isEmptyInMap(point):
if self.__isFirst:
self.drawSelectedArea(point)
self.__isFirst= False
self.__formerPoint = point
else:
if self.__formerPoint.isEqual(point):
self.__isFirst = True
self.canvas.delete("rectRedOne")
else:
linkType = self.getLinkType(self.__formerPoint, point)
if linkType['type'] != self.NONE_LINK:
# TODO Animation
self.ClearLinkedBlocks(self.__formerPoint, point)
self.canvas.delete("rectRedOne")
self.__isFirst = True
if self.isGameEnd():
tk.messagebox.showinfo("You Win!", "Tip")
self.__isGameStart = False
else:
self.__formerPoint = point
self.canvas.delete("rectRedOne")
self.drawSelectedArea(point)
# 判断游戏是否结束
def isGameEnd(self):
for y in range(0, self.__gameSize):
for x in range(0, self.__gameSize):
if self.__map[y][x] != self.EMPTY:
return False
return True
'''
提取小头像数组
'''
def extractSmallIconList(self):
root_dir = os.getcwd()
imagePath = os.path.join(root_dir, 'images', 'NARUTO.png')
imageSouce = Image.open(imagePath)
for index in range(0, int(self.__iconKind)):
region = imageSouce.crop((self.__iconWidth * index, 0,
self.__iconWidth * index + self.__iconWidth - 1, self.__iconHeight - 1))
self.__icons.append(ImageTk.PhotoImage(region))
'''
初始化地图 存值为0-24
'''
def iniMap(self):
self.__map = [] # 重置地图
tmpRecords = []
records = []
for i in range(0, int(self.__iconKind)):
for j in range(0, 4):
tmpRecords.append(i)
total = self.__gameSize * self.__gameSize
for x in range(0, total):
index = random.randint(0, total - x - 1)
records.append(tmpRecords[index])
del tmpRecords[index]
# 一维数组转为二维，y为高维度
for y in range(0, self.__gameSize):
for x in range(0, self.__gameSize):
if x == 0:
self.__map.append([])
self.__map[y].append(records[x + y * self.__gameSize])
'''
根据地图绘制图像
'''
def drawMap(self):
self.canvas.delete("all")
for y in range(0, self.__gameSize):
for x in range(0, self.__gameSize):
point = self.getOuterLeftTopPoint(Point(x, y))
im = self.canvas.create_image((point.x, point.y),
image=self.__icons[self.__map[y][x]], anchor='nw', tags = 'im%d%d' % (x, y))
'''
获取内部坐标对应矩形左上角顶点坐标
'''
def getOuterLeftTopPoint(self, point):
return Point(self.getX(point.x), self.getY(point.y))
'''
获取内部坐标对应矩形中心坐标
'''
def getOuterCenterPoint(self, point):
return Point(self.getX(point.x) + int(self.__iconWidth / 2),
self.getY(point.y) + int(self.__iconHeight / 2))
def getX(self, x):
return x * self.__iconWidth + self.__delta
def getY(self, y):
return y * self.__iconHeight + self.__delta
'''
获取内部坐标
'''
def getInnerPoint(self, point):
x = -1
y = -1
for i in range(0, self.__gameSize):
x1 = self.getX(i)
x2 = self.getX(i + 1)
if point.x >= x1 and point.x < x2:
x = i
for j in range(0, self.__gameSize):
j1 = self.getY(j)
j2 = self.getY(j + 1)
if point.y >= j1 and point.y < j2:
y = j
return Point(x, y)
'''
选择的区域变红，point为内部坐标
'''
def drawSelectedArea(self, point):
pointLT = self.getOuterLeftTopPoint(point)
pointRB = self.getOuterLeftTopPoint(Point(point.x + 1, point.y + 1))
self.canvas.create_rectangle(pointLT.x, pointLT.y,
pointRB.x - 1, pointRB.y - 1, outline = 'red', tags = "rectRedOne")
'''
消除连通的两个块
'''
def ClearLinkedBlocks(self, p1, p2):
self.__map[p1.y][p1.x] = self.EMPTY
self.__map[p2.y][p2.x] = self.EMPTY
self.canvas.delete('im%d%d' % (p1.x, p1.y))
self.canvas.delete('im%d%d' % (p2.x, p2.y))
'''
地图上该点是否为空
'''
def isEmptyInMap(self, point):
if self.__map[point.y][point.x] == self.EMPTY:
return True
else:
return False
'''
获取两个点连通类型
'''
def getLinkType(self, p1, p2):
# 首先判断两个方块中图片是否相同
if self.__map[p1.y][p1.x] != self.__map[p2.y][p2.x]:
return { 'type': self.NONE_LINK }
if self.isStraightLink(p1, p2):
return {
'type': self.STRAIGHT_LINK
}
res = self.isOneCornerLink(p1, p2)
if res:
return {
'type': self.ONE_CORNER_LINK,
'p1': res
}
res = self.isTwoCornerLink(p1, p2)
if res:
return {
'type': self.TWO_CORNER_LINK,
'p1': res['p1'],
'p2': res['p2']
}
return {
'type': self.NONE_LINK
}
'''
直连
'''
def isStraightLink(self, p1, p2):
start = -1
end = -1
# 水平
if p1.y == p2.y:
# 大小判断
if p2.x < p1.x:
start = p2.x
end = p1.x
else:
start = p1.x
end = p2.x
for x in range(start + 1, end):
if self.__map[p1.y][x] != self.EMPTY:
return False
return True
elif p1.x == p2.x:
if p1.y > p2.y:
start = p2.y
end = p1.y
else:
start = p1.y
end = p2.y
for y in range(start + 1, end):
if self.__map[y][p1.x] != self.EMPTY:
return False
return True
return False
def isOneCornerLink(self, p1, p2):
pointCorner = Point(p1.x, p2.y)
if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner, p2) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner):
return pointCorner
pointCorner = Point(p2.x, p1.y)
if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner, p2) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner):
return pointCorner
def isTwoCornerLink(self, p1, p2):
for y in range(-1, self.__gameSize + 1):
pointCorner1 = Point(p1.x, y)
pointCorner2 = Point(p2.x, y)
if y == p1.y or y == p2.y:
continue
if y == -1 or y == self.__gameSize:
if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner1) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner2, p2):
return {'p1': pointCorner1, 'p2': pointCorner2}
else:
if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner1) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner1, pointCorner2) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner2, p2) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner1) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner2):
return {'p1': pointCorner1, 'p2': pointCorner2}
# 横向判断
for x in range(-1, self.__gameSize + 1):
pointCorner1 = Point(x, p1.y)
pointCorner2 = Point(x, p2.y)
if x == p1.x or x == p2.x:
continue
if x == -1 or x == self.__gameSize:
if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner1) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner2, p2):
return {'p1': pointCorner1, 'p2': pointCorner2}
else:
if self.isStraightLink(p1, pointCorner1) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner1, pointCorner2) and self.isStraightLink(pointCorner2, p2) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner1) and self.isEmptyInMap(pointCorner2):
return {'p1': pointCorner1, 'p2': pointCorner2}
class Point():
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def isUserful(self):
if self.x >= 0 and self.y >= 0:
return True
else:
return False
'''
判断两个点是否相同
'''
def isEqual(self, point):
if self.x == point.x and self.y == point.y:
return True
else:
return False
'''
克隆一份对象
'''
def clone(self):
return Point(self.x, self.y)
'''
改为另一个对象
'''
def changeTo(self, point):
self.x = point.x
self.y = point.y
MainWindow()
总结：
在这个充满创造力和乐趣的项目中，我们不仅实现了一个简单的连连看小游戏，更体验了Python和Tkinter在游戏开发领域的强大潜力。可以作为初学者学习Python GUI编程和游戏开发的绝佳实例。希望这个项目能够激发更多人对编程和游戏开发的兴趣，开启一个全新的学习之旅。
