class Solution {
    List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
    public List<String> restoreIpAddresses(String s) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s);
        backTracking(sb, 0, 0);
        return result;
    }
    private void backTracking(StringBuilder s, int startIndex, int dotCount){
        if(dotCount == 3){
            if(isValid(s, startIndex, s.length() - 1)){
                result.add(s.toString());
            }
            return;
        }
        for(int i = startIndex; i < s.length(); i++){
            if(isValid(s, startIndex, i)){
                s.insert(i + 1, '.');
                backTracking(s, i + 2, dotCount + 1);
                s.deleteCharAt(i + 1);
            }else{
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    //[start, end]
    private boolean isValid(StringBuilder s, int start, int end){
        if(start > end)
            return false;
        if(s.charAt(start) == '0' && start != end)
            return false;
        int num = 0;
        for(int i = start; i <= end; i++){
            int digit = s.charAt(i) - '0';
            num = num * 10 + digit;
            if(num > 255)
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

思路：与day27的分割回文子串类似，主要是要理解isVaild的思路，当dotCount == 3时，还要进行判断，然后将符合的加入result中

class Solution {
    List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();// 存放符合条件结果的集合
    LinkedList<Integer> path = new LinkedList<>();// 用来存放符合条件结果
    public List<List<Integer>> subsets(int[] nums) {
        subsetsHelper(nums, 0);
        return result;
    }

    private void subsetsHelper(int[] nums, int startIndex){
        result.add(new ArrayList<>(path));//「遍历这个树的时候，把所有节点都记录下来，就是要求的子集集合」。
        if (startIndex >= nums.length){ //终止条件可不加
            return;
        }
        for (int i = startIndex; i < nums.length; i++){
            path.add(nums[i]);
            subsetsHelper(nums, i + 1);
            path.removeLast();
        }
    }
}

思路：和分割问题类似，主要区别是要在每个节点收获结果，所以result.add(new ArrayList<>(path)要放在最上面。

class Solution {
   List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();// 存放符合条件结果的集合
   LinkedList<Integer> path = new LinkedList<>();// 用来存放符合条件结果
   boolean[] used;
    public List<List<Integer>> subsetsWithDup(int[] nums) {
        if (nums.length == 0){
            result.add(path);
            return result;
        }
        Arrays.sort(nums);
        used = new boolean[nums.length];
        subsetsWithDupHelper(nums, 0);
        return result;
    }
    
    private void subsetsWithDupHelper(int[] nums, int startIndex){
        result.add(new ArrayList<>(path));
        if (startIndex >= nums.length){
            return;
        }
        for (int i = startIndex; i < nums.length; i++){
            if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1] && !used[i - 1]){
                continue;
            }
            path.add(nums[i]);
            used[i] = true;
            subsetsWithDupHelper(nums, i + 1);
            path.removeLast();
            used[i] = false;
        }
    }
}

思路：和 40.组合总和II方法一样，都是要进行树层去重。关键是used数组的使用，要确保used[i-1]==false；然后就是每个节点都收获结果。