使用 Flet 在 Python 中创建待办事项应用 Create To-Do app in Python with Flet
翻译官网教程https://flet.dev/docs/tutorials/python-todo,对一些地方进行了注释和修改。
安装flet
Python版本需要3.8及以上,使用pip安装:
pip install flet
创建hello.py
,写入:
import flet as ft
def main(page: ft.Page):
page.add(ft.Text(value="Hello, world!"))
ft.app(target=main)
运行该程序
python hello.py
看到一个写着Hello, world!
的窗口:
添加页面控件(controls)和处理事件
在页面上添加:
- 用来输入任务的文本框(TextField)
- 用于添加任务的按钮(FloatingActionButton)
import flet as ft
def main(page: ft.Page):
# 文本框,用来输入任务
new_task = ft.TextField(hint_text="Whats needs to be done?")
def add_clicked(e):
# 添加复选框, 刷新页面
page.add(ft.Checkbox(label=new_task.value))
new_task.value = ""
page.update()
# 添加任务的按钮
create_task_btn = ft.FloatingActionButton(
icon=ft.icons.ADD,
on_click=add_clicked # 绑定方法add_clicked
)
page.add(
new_task,
create_task_btn,
)
ft.app(target=main)
页面布局
我们希望调整页面布局,让任务文本框和添加按钮 在一行,
让创建出来的任务框在 下面。
使用Row按行放置其中的控件, Column按列放置其中的控件。
Row可以看成是一个容器,水平放置其中的组件。Row本身也是一个控件,因此可以嵌套使用。Column同理,用来竖直放置其中控件。
row_1 = ft.Row(
width=600,
controls=[new_task,create_task_btn]
)
...
# Row可以嵌套。
view = ft.Column(
width=600,
controls=[row_1, tasks_view]
)
完整代码:
import flet as ft
def main(page: ft.Page):
# 文本框,用来输入任务
new_task = ft.TextField(hint_text="Whats needs to be done?")
# 保存复选框
tasks_view = ft.Column()
def add_clicked(e):
# 添加复选框, 刷新页面
tasks_view.controls.append(ft.Checkbox(label=new_task.value))
new_task.value = ""
view.update()
# 添加任务的按钮
create_task_btn = ft.FloatingActionButton(
icon=ft.icons.ADD,
on_click=add_clicked # 绑定方法add_clicked
)
# 水平放置文本框和添加按钮
row_1 = ft.Row(
width=600,
controls=[new_task,create_task_btn]
)
# 整个应用
view = ft.Column(
width=600,
controls=[row_1, tasks_view]
)
page.horizontal_alignment = ft.CrossAxisAlignment.CENTER
page.add(view)
ft.app(target=main)
运行结果:
可重用的 UI 组件
为了制作一个可重用的 ToDo 应用组件,我们将将其状态和表示逻辑封装在一个单独的类中:
import flet as ft
class TodoApp(ft.UserControl):
def build(self):
# 文本框,用来输入任务
self.new_task = ft.TextField(hint_text="Whats needs to be done?")
# 任务
self.tasks = ft.Column()
# 添加任务的按钮
create_task_btn = ft.FloatingActionButton(
icon=ft.icons.ADD,
on_click=self.add_clicked # 绑定方法add_clicked
)
# 整个应用
self.view = ft.Column(
width=600,
controls=[
ft.Row(
width=600,
controls=[self.new_task,create_task_btn]),
self.tasks]
)
return self.view
def add_clicked(self,e):
# 添加任务, 刷新页面
self.tasks.controls.append(ft.Checkbox(label=self.new_task.value))
self.new_task.value = ""
self.update()
def main(page: ft.Page):
page.title = "ToDo App"
page.horizontal_alignment = ft.CrossAxisAlignment.CENTER
page.update()
todo = TodoApp()
page.add(todo)
ft.app(target=main)
用户控件 (
UserControl
) 允许通过组合现有的 Flet 控件来构建独立的可重用组件。UserControl
必须实现build()
方法生成控件的 UI ,并且应返回单个Control
实例或List
控件。
查看、编辑和删除列表项
在任务名称旁边添加“编辑”和“删除"按钮。
任务的组成变得复杂起来了,我们创建一个Task
类来表示任务。
Task有两种模式,显示视图(display_view)和编辑视图(edit_view),通常情况下,我们看到的是显示视图,当点击编辑按钮时才会切换到编辑视图。可见性是通过设置它们的.visible
属性实现的。
class Task(ft.UserControl):
def __init__(self, task_name,task_delete):
super().__init__()
self.task_name = task_name
self.task_delete = task_delete
def delete_clicked(self, e):
self.task_delete(self)
def build(self):
self.display_task = ft.Checkbox(value=False, label=self.task_name)
self.edit_name = ft.TextField(expand=1)
self.display_view = ft.Row(
alignment=ft.MainAxisAlignment.SPACE_BETWEEN,
vertical_alignment=ft.CrossAxisAlignment.CENTER,
controls=[
self.display_task,
ft.Row(
spacing=0,
controls=[
ft.IconButton(
icon=ft.icons.CREATE_OUTLINED,
tooltip="Edit To-Do",
on_click=self.edit_clicked,
),
ft.IconButton(
ft.icons.DELETE_OUTLINE,
tooltip="Delete To-Do",
on_click=self.delete_clicked,
),
],
),
],
)
self.edit_view = ft.Row(
visible=False,
alignment=ft.MainAxisAlignment.SPACE_BETWEEN,
vertical_alignment=ft.CrossAxisAlignment.CENTER,
controls=[
self.edit_name,
ft.IconButton(
icon=ft.icons.DONE_OUTLINE_OUTLINED,
icon_color=ft.colors.GREEN,
tooltip="Update To-Do",
on_click=self.save_clicked,
),
],
)
return ft.Column(controls=[self.display_view, self.edit_view])
def edit_clicked(self, e):
self.edit_name.value = self.display_task.label
self.display_view.visible = False
self.edit_view.visible = True
self.update()
def save_clicked(self, e):
self.display_task.label = self.edit_name.value
self.display_view.visible = True
self.edit_view.visible = False
self.update()
然后在TodoAPP中使用Task替代之前的简单复选框:
class TodoApp(ft.UserControl):
def build(self):
# 文本框,用来输入任务
self.new_task = ft.TextField(hint_text="Whats needs to be done?")
# 任务
self.tasks = ft.Column()
# ...
def add_clicked(self, e):
# 添加任务, 刷新页面
task = Task(self.new_task.value, self.task_delete) # 注意self.task_delete是TodoAPP的方法,作为参数传递给Task
self.tasks.controls.append(task)
self.new_task.value = ""
self.update()
def task_delete(self, task):
self.tasks.controls.remove(task)
self.update()
注意到
Task
的delete_clicked
调用了self.task_delete
,而task_delete
是在TodoAPP.add_clicked
中作为初始化参数传递给Task的。
筛选列表项
我们希望能够按任务状态筛选任务。
我们使用Tabs
控件来显示多个选项卡,用不同的选项卡来显示不同状态的任务。
# ...
class TodoApp(ft.UserControl):
def __init__(self):
self.tasks = []
self.new_task = ft.TextField(hint_text="Whats needs to be done?", expand=True)
self.tasks = ft.Column()
# 3个选项卡,作为过滤器
self.filter = ft.Tabs(
selected_index=0,
on_change=self.tabs_changed,
tabs=[ft.Tab(text="all"), ft.Tab(text="active"), ft.Tab(text="completed")],
)
self.view = ft.Column(
width=600,
controls=[
ft.Row(
controls=[
self.new_task,
ft.FloatingActionButton(icon=ft.icons.ADD, on_click=self.add_clicked),
],
),
ft.Column(
spacing=25,
controls=[
self.filter,
self.tasks,
],
),
],
)
我们可以维护三个页面,分别显示“全部”、“活动”和“已完成”任务。但我们可以用更简单的方式,只维护一个页面,根据选择的选项卡更改任务的可见性。
def update(self):
status = self.filter.tabs[self.filter.selected_index].text
for task in self.tasks.controls:
task.visible = (
status == "all"
or (status == "active" and task.completed == False)
or (status == "completed" and task.completed)
)
super().update()
当我们单击选项卡或更改任务状态时,应该进行过滤。
class TodoApp(ft.UserControl):
# ...
def tabs_changed(self, e):
self.update()
class Task(ft.UserControl):
def __init__(self, task_name, task_status_change, task_delete):
super().__init__()
self.completed = False # 任务是否完成
self.task_name = task_name
self.task_status_change = task_status_change
self.task_delete = task_delete
def build(self):
# 改变任务状态
self.display_task = ft.Checkbox(
value=False, label=self.task_name, on_change=self.status_changed
)
# ...
def status_changed(self, e):
self.completed = self.display_task.value
self.task_status_change(self)
最后的润色
最后,我们将添加一个页脚,显示未完成任务的数量,以及一个“清除已完成”按钮。
class TodoApp():
def __init__(self):
# ...
self.items_left = ft.Text("0 items left")
self.view = ft.Column(
width=600,
controls=[
ft.Row([ ft.Text(value="Todos", style="headlineMedium")], alignment=ft.MainAxisAlignment.CENTER),
ft.Row(
controls=[
self.new_task,
ft.FloatingActionButton(icon=ft.icons.ADD, on_click=self.add_clicked),
],
),
ft.Column(
spacing=25,
controls=[
self.filter,
self.tasks,
ft.Row(
alignment=ft.MainAxisAlignment.SPACE_BETWEEN,
vertical_alignment=ft.CrossAxisAlignment.CENTER,
controls=[
self.items_left,
ft.OutlinedButton(
text="Clear completed", on_click=self.clear_clicked
),
],
),
],
),
],
)
# ...
def clear_clicked(self, e):
# 注意这里 [:] 用的是一个copy来遍历,因为下面可能会进行删除操作
for task in self.tasks.controls[:]:
if task.completed:
self.task_delete(task)
def update(self):
status = self.filter.tabs[self.filter.selected_index].text
count = 0
for task in self.tasks.controls:
task.visible = (
status == "all"
or (status == "active" and task.completed == False)
or (status == "completed" and task.completed)
)
if not task.completed:
count += 1
self.items_left.value = f"{count} active item(s) left"
super().update()
完整代码:
import flet as ft
# 任务, 可以 完成、编辑、删除
class Task(ft.UserControl):
def __init__(self, task_name,task_status_change,task_delete):
super().__init__()
self.completed = False
self.task_name = task_name
self.task_status_change = task_status_change
self.task_delete = task_delete
def build(self):
self.display_task = ft.Checkbox(value=False,
label=self.task_name,
on_change=self.status_changed)
self.edit_name = ft.TextField(expand=1)
# 显示
self.display_view = ft.Row(
alignment=ft.MainAxisAlignment.SPACE_BETWEEN,
vertical_alignment=ft.CrossAxisAlignment.CENTER,
controls=[
self.display_task,
ft.Row(
spacing=0,
controls=[
ft.IconButton(
icon=ft.icons.CREATE_OUTLINED,
tooltip="Edit To-Do",
on_click=self.edit_clicked,
),
ft.IconButton(
ft.icons.DELETE_OUTLINE,
tooltip="Delete To-Do",
on_click=self.delete_clicked,
),
],
),
],
)
# 编辑
self.edit_view = ft.Row(
visible=False,
alignment=ft.MainAxisAlignment.SPACE_BETWEEN,
vertical_alignment=ft.CrossAxisAlignment.CENTER,
controls=[
self.edit_name,
ft.IconButton(
icon=ft.icons.DONE_OUTLINE_OUTLINED,
icon_color=ft.colors.GREEN,
tooltip="Update To-Do",
on_click=self.save_clicked,
),
],
)
return ft.Column(controls=[self.display_view, self.edit_view])
def delete_clicked(self, e):
self.task_delete(self)
def edit_clicked(self, e):
self.edit_name.value = self.display_task.label
self.display_view.visible = False
self.edit_view.visible = True
self.update()
def save_clicked(self, e):
self.display_task.label = self.edit_name.value
self.display_view.visible = True
self.edit_view.visible = False
self.update()
def status_changed(self, e):
self.completed = self.display_task.value
self.task_status_change(self)
# 完整的todo界面。
class TodoApp(ft.UserControl):
def build(self):
# 文本框,用来输入任务
self.new_task = ft.TextField(hint_text="Whats needs to be done?")
# 任务
self.tasks = ft.Column()
# 过滤器。通过切换选项卡过滤不同状态的任务
self.filter = ft.Tabs(
selected_index=0,
on_change=self.tabs_changed,
tabs=[ft.Tab(text="all"), ft.Tab(text="active"), ft.Tab(text="completed")],
)
# 添加任务的按钮
create_task_btn = ft.FloatingActionButton(
icon=ft.icons.ADD,
on_click=self.add_clicked # 绑定方法add_clicked
)
# 页脚,显示剩余任务
self.items_left = ft.Text("0 items left")
# 整个应用
self.view = ft.Column(
width=600,
controls=[
ft.Row([ ft.Text(value="Todos", style="headlineMedium")],
alignment=ft.MainAxisAlignment.CENTER),
ft.Row(
controls=[
self.new_task,
create_task_btn]
),
ft.Column(
spacing=25,
controls=[
self.filter,
self.tasks,
ft.Row(
alignment=ft.MainAxisAlignment.SPACE_BETWEEN,
vertical_alignment=ft.CrossAxisAlignment.CENTER,
controls=[
self.items_left,
ft.OutlinedButton(
text="Clear completed", on_click=self.clear_clicked
),
],
),
],
),
],
)
return self.view
def add_clicked(self,e):
# 添加任务, 刷新页面
task = Task(self.new_task.value, self.task_status_change, self.task_delete)
self.tasks.controls.append(task)
self.new_task.value = ""
self.update()
def tabs_changed(self, e):
self.update()
def task_delete(self, task):
self.tasks.controls.remove(task)
self.update()
def task_status_change(self, task):
self.update()
def clear_clicked(self, e):
for task in self.tasks.controls[:]:
if task.completed:
self.task_delete(task)
def update(self):
status = self.filter.tabs[self.filter.selected_index].text
count = 0
for task in self.tasks.controls:
task.visible = (
status == "all"
or (status == "active" and task.completed == False)
or (status == "completed" and task.completed)
)
if not task.completed:
count += 1
self.items_left.value = f"{count} active item(s) left"
super().update()
def main(page: ft.Page):
page.title = "ToDo App"
page.horizontal_alignment = ft.CrossAxisAlignment.CENTER
page.update()
todo = TodoApp()
page.add(todo)
ft.app(target=main)