网络技术基础入门全套实验-厦门微思网络CCNA实验手册

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微思简介(https://www.xmws.cn)

微思成立于2002年,是一个诚信敬业、积极向上、充满活力、专注技术服务的企业。

微思获得了八大厂商的培训授权,成长为福建地区广受认可的IT认证培训机构,同时也是知名的IT服务提供商及系统集成商,业务主要包含国际IT认证培训及考试、IT维护服务、系统集成。微思从成立开始,就把技术服务作为开展业务的主要根基,视技术服务为企业发展的生存命脉。微思拥有一批由工程师和讲师组成的出色技术团队,拥有8名CCIE、8名HCIE、5名OCP、8名MCITP、6名RHCE、5名VMware VCP、6名EMC/IBM存储/小型机工程师。到目前为止,微思已经投资超过2000万元建立备件库和体验中心,为本地客户提供优质的IT维护服务和完整的系统集成解决方案。

微思自成立以来,培养了一万多名IT专业人才!厦门85%大中型企业的IT技术人员都参加过微思的培训,同时,微思积累了丰富的就业渠道,为学员的就业提供有力的保障。

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微思22年国际IT认证培训经验

红帽RHCE
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华为 HCIA/HCIP/HCIE
思科CCNA/CCNP/CCIE
网络实战、云计算实战企业IT技术定制培训

数据中心解决方案
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思科、华为、H3C、锐捷、联想、DELL、VMware深信服、奇安信、网御星云、绿盟、启明、IBM、EMC

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思科授权培训中心

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【微思优势】

专业的技术专家团队

22年国际IT认证培训经验

设备齐全的备件库

拥有资深专家讲师团队

丰富的系统集成经验

拥有专业的机房和网络实验室

完美的产品体验中心

百家名企合作丰富的就业渠道

微思硬实力

【八大厂商授权】

【三大上课教师,可同时容纳100+人】

实验平台使用方法

步骤:

  1. 安装VMware Workstation
  2. 安装EVE-NG客户端
  3. 关联SecureCRT
  4. 解压“微思网络CCNA实验平台”虚拟机

步骤1:安装VMware Workstation

双击VMware-workstation-full-15.5.1-15018445安装程序。

点击“下一步”。

勾选“我接受许可协议中的条款”,点击“下一步”。

安装位置使用默认路径即可,点击“下一步”。

按默认,点击“下一步”。

按默认,点击“下一步”。

点击“安装”。

程序正在安装,耐心等待。

点击“许可证”输入许可。

输入VMware-workstation-full-15.5.1-15018445-KEY记事本中的序列号,点击“输入”。

点击“完成”。

步骤2:安装EVE-NG客户端

双击EVE-NG-Win-Client-Pack-2.0安装程序。

点击“运行”。

点击“下一步”。

点击“下一步”。

按默认即可,点击“下一步”

选中“I accept the agreement”,点击“Next”。

点击“Next”。

按默认即可,点击“Next”。

按默认即可,点击“Next”。

点击“Install”。

点击“Next”。

点击“Finish”。

安装Wireshark,点击“Next”

点击“I Agree”

按默认即可,点击“Next”。

按默认即可,点击“Next”

安装路径按默认即可,点击“Next”。

按默认即可,点击“Next”。

按默认即可,点击“Install”

点击“I Agree”

按默认即可,点击“Install”。

点击“Next”

点击“Finish”

点击“Next”

点击“Finish”

点击“Finish”

步骤3:关联SecureCRT

把“微思网络CCNA实验平台登录软件SecureCRT”压缩包解压到当前文件夹。

进入SecureCRT文件夹,找到“SecureCRT.exe”文件,鼠标右键“SecureCRT.exe”,点击发送到“桌面快捷方式”。

进入EVE-NG客户端的安装目录,默认在:C:\Program Files\EVE-NG,把注册表文件win10_64bit_sCRT.reg拷贝到其他盘,比如D盘。

鼠标右键D盘中的win10_64bit_sCRT.reg文件,单击“编辑”。

把SecureCRT的存放路径输入到箭头所指的地方(注意路径是双斜杠!!!),改完之后保存。

注意:SecureCRT的存放路径视具体情况而定,截图中的路径只是个例子!!!

保存后,双击注册表文件win10_64bit_sCRT.reg,选择“是”即可。

步骤4:解压“微思网络CCNA实验平台”虚拟机

把“微思网络CCNA实验平台”压缩包解压到当前文件夹。

解压之后,进入VM XMWS CCNA文件夹,找到“VMware虚拟机配置”文件,然后双击运行。

此时,VMware Workstation会打开虚拟机XMWS CCNA。单击“开启此虚拟机”,打开虚拟机的电源。

记录箭头所指的地方的IP地址。

在浏览器中输入上一步记录的IP地址,访问实验台;

用户名是:admin

密码是:www.xmws.cn

输入用户名和密码之后,点击“Sign In”登录实验台。

鼠标点击某个Lab之后,右边会有个“Open”按钮。

单击“Open”打开实验,鼠标移动到浏览器左侧,单击“More actions”,点击“Start all nodes”开启实验设备。

设备启动完成之后,图标颜色会变成蓝色,如下图所示。

鼠标点击设备图标会自动关联SecureCRT,连续敲几下回车即可进入设备控制界面。

实验做完之后,鼠标移动到浏览器左侧,单击“More actions”,点击“Stop all nodes”关闭实验设备。

关闭实验台设备之后,鼠标移动到浏览器左侧,单击“Close lab”即可回到主页。

实验做完之后,鼠标右键虚拟机XMWS CCNA,单击“电源”,点击“关闭客户机”即可关闭虚拟机。

熟悉CISCO IOS的各个模式

Router> //用户模式

Router# //特权模式

Router(config-if)# //接口模式

Router(config-router)# //路由配置模式

Router(config-line)# //线路模式

Router(config-subif)# //子接口模式

Router> //用户模式

Router>enable //在用户模式敲enable进入特权模式

Router#disable //在特权模式敲disable退出到用户模式

Router>enable //在用户模式敲enable进入特权模式

Router#configure terminal //在特权模式敲入configure terminal进入到配置模式

Router(config)#interface ethernet0/0 //在配置模式敲入“interface+接口类型+接口编号进入接口模式

Router(config-if)#exit //exit退出接口模式

Router(config)#router rip //“router + 路由协议进入路由配置模式

Router(config-router)#exit //退出路由配置模式

Router(config)#line console 0 //进入线路模式

Router(config-line)#end //从线路模式退出(任何时候敲入end会退出到特权模式)

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#interface ethernet 0/0.1 //进入子接口模式

Router(config-subif)#end //任何时候敲入end会退出到特权模式

Router#

熟悉CISCO IOS的基本配置

CISCO IOS常用配置命令

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#enable secret xmws   //设置enable的密码为xmws

Router(config)#enable password wisdom   //设置enable的密码为wisdom,不能和enable secret 设置的密码相同,如果都设置,secret生效

Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup   //关掉域名查找功能

Router(config)#service password-encryption   //对明文口令进行加密,比如加密Console口、VTY或enable password设置的密码,这样密码不再显示为明文

Router(config)#line console 0   //进入Cconsole口

Router(config-line)#password xmws  //设置Console口密码为xmws

Router(config-line)#login  //启用密码

Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0  //设置操作会话不超时

Router(config-line)#logging synchronous  //配置光标跟随, 阻止控制台信息打断你当前的输入,从而使输入信息显得更为简单易读

Router(config)#line vty 0 4  //进入VTY

Router(config-line)#password cisco

Router(config-line)#login

Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

Router(config-line)#logging synchronous

注:VTY (虚拟终端) 在网络操作系统(包括Cisco IOS)中是一个接受telent或ssh连接的逻辑端口。

配置一台路由器当作PC使用

做实验时可以将路由器当作PC使用,用来测试网络的连通性等。

步骤:(本例子中当作PC的路由器接口为Ethernet 0/0

  1. 关闭路由器的路由功能
  2. 设置接口IP地址
  3. 配置默认网关
  4. 检查

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC1

PC1(config)#no ip routing   //关闭路由器的路由功能

PC1(config)#interface ethernet 0/0

PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0   //配置接口IP地址

PC1(config-if)#no shutdown   //激活接口

PC1(config-if)#exit

PC1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.10.254   //配置默认网关

PC1(config)#end

PC1#show ip interface brief   //查看接口IP地址和状态

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                10.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

PC1#show ip route   //show ip route可以看到网关

Default gateway is 192.168.10.254

Host               Gateway           Last Use    Total Uses  Interface

ICMP redirect cache is empty

实验01:IOS基本配置

实验目的

  1. 熟悉CISCO IOS的常用模式
  2. 掌握CISCO IOS模式之间的切换
  3. 掌握CISCO IOS的基本配置命令
  4. 掌握如何把一台路由器配置成PC

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;

包括:主机名、Enable密码、关闭域名查找功能等;

  1. PC和Server使用路由器模拟,把路由器PC1、PC2、PC3、Server A、Server B配置成PC;
  2. 测试主机与网关,以及设备之间的网络连通性。

实验步骤

步骤1:路由器和交换机的基本配置

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#enable password xmws

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#password xmws

R1(config-line)#login

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#line vty 0 4

R1(config-line)#password xmws

R1(config-line)#login

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#enable password xmws

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#password xmws

R2(config-line)#login

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#line vty 0 4

R2(config-line)#password xmws

R2(config-line)#login

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置R3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R3conc

R3(config)#enable password xmws

R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R3(config)#line console 0

R3(config-line)#password xmws

R3(config-line)#login

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#line vty 0 4

R3(config-line)#password xmws

R3(config-line)#login

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/1

R3(config-if)#ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface loopback0

R3(config-if)#ip address 9.2.6.7 255.255.255.255

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#enable password xmws

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#password xmws

SW1(config-line)#login

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#exit

SW1(config)#line vty 0 4

SW1(config-line)#password xmws

SW1(config-line)#login

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#exit

SW1(config)#interface vlan 1

SW1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.11 255.255.255.0

SW1(config-if)#no shutdown

SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.10.254

SW1(config)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW2

SW2(config)#enable password xmws

SW2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW2(config)#line console 0

SW2(config-line)#password xmws

SW2(config-line)#login

SW2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW2(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW2(config-line)#exit

SW2(config)#line vty 0 4

SW2(config-line)#password xmws

SW2(config-line)#login

SW2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW2(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW2(config-line)#exit

SW2(config)#interface vlan 1

SW2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.12 255.255.255.0

SW2(config-if)#no shutdown

SW2(config-if)#exit

SW2(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.10.254

SW2(config)#end

SW2#

配置SW3

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW3

SW3(config)#enable password xmws

SW3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW3(config)#line console 0

SW3(config-line)#password xmws

SW3(config-line)#login

SW3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW3(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW3(config-line)#exit

SW3(config)#line vty 0 4

SW3(config-line)#password xmws

SW3(config-line)#login

SW3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW3(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW3(config-line)#exit

SW3(config)#interface vlan 1

SW3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.13 255.255.255.0

SW3(config-if)#no shutdown

SW3(config-if)#exit

SW3(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.10.254

SW3(config)#end

SW3#

步骤2:PC的基本配置

配置PC1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC1

PC1(config)#no ip routing

PC1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.10.254

PC1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

PC1(config-if)#no shutdown

PC1(config-if)#end

PC1#

配置PC2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC2

PC2(config)#no ip routing

PC2(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.10.254

PC2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0

PC2(config-if)#no shutdown

PC2(config-if)#end

PC2#

配置PC3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC3

PC3(config)#no ip routing

PC3(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.1.254

PC3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

PC3(config-if)#no shutdown

PC3(config-if)#end

PC3#

配置ServerA

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname ServerA

ServerA(config)#no ip routing

ServerA(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.10.254

ServerA(config)#interface ethernet0/0

ServerA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.3 255.255.255.0

ServerA(config-if)#no shutdown

ServerA(config-if)#end

ServerA#

配置PCB

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname ServerB

ServerB(config)#no ip routing

ServerB(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.10.254

ServerB(config)#interface ethernet0/0

ServerB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.4 255.255.255.0

ServerB(config-if)#no shutdown

ServerB(config-if)#end

ServerB#

实验检查

步骤1:检查路由器

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.10.254  YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                192.168.20.254  YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  10.1.12.1       YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  13.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down  

R1使用到的接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                172.16.1.254    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  10.1.12.2       YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  23.1.1.2        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down  

R2使用到的接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

检查R3

R3#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  13.1.1.3        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  23.1.1.3        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Loopback0                  9.2.6.7         YES manual up                    up

R3使用到的接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

步骤2:检查交换机

检查SW1

SW1#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Vlan1                 192.168.10.11   YES manual up                    up     

SW1的Vlan1接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

检查SW2

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Vlan1                 192.168.10.12   YES manual up                    up     

SW2的Vlan1接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

检查SW3

SW3#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet1/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Vlan1                 192.168.10.13   YES manual up                    up     

SW3的Vlan1接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

步骤3:检查PC

检查PC1

PC1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.10.1    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

PC1已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

PC1#show ip route

Default gateway is 192.168.10.254

Host               Gateway           Last Use    Total Uses  Interface

ICMP redirect cache is empty

PC1的网关是192.168.10.254。

检查PC2

PC2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.10.2    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

PC2已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

PC2#show ip route

Default gateway is 192.168.10.254

Host               Gateway           Last Use    Total Uses  Interface

ICMP redirect cache is empty

PC2的网关是192.168.10.254。

检查PC3

PC3#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                172.16.1.1      YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

PC3已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

PC3#show ip route

Default gateway is 172.16.1.254

Host               Gateway           Last Use    Total Uses  Interface

ICMP redirect cache is empty

PC3的网关是172.16.1.254。

检查ServerA

ServerA#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.10.3    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

ServerA已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

ServerA#show ip route

Default gateway is 192.168.10.254

Host               Gateway           Last Use    Total Uses  Interface

ICMP redirect cache is empty

ServerA的网关是192.168.10.254。

检查ServerB

ServerB#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.10.4    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

ServerB已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

ServerB#show ip route

Default gateway is 192.168.10.254

Host               Gateway           Last Use    Total Uses  Interface

ICMP redirect cache is empty

ServerB的网关是192.168.10.254。

连通性测试

步骤1:测试PC和网关的连通性

测试PC1

PC1#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/203/1012 ms

PC1跟网关的连通性正常。

测试PC2

PC2#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/203/1011 ms

PC2跟网关的连通性正常。

测试PC3

PC3#ping 172.16.1.254

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.254, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/201/1002 ms

PC3跟网关的连通性正常。

测试ServerA

ServerA#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/202/1009 ms

ServerA跟网关的连通性正常。

测试ServerB

ServerB#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/202/1006 ms

ServerB跟网关的连通性正常。

步骤2:测试交换机和网关的连通性

测试SW1

SW1#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

SW1跟网关的连通性正常。

测试SW2

SW2#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

SW2跟网关的连通性正常。

测试SW3

SW3#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

SW3跟网关的连通性正常。

步骤3:测试路由器之间链路的连通性

测试R1和R2之间链路:

R1#ping 10.1.12.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 5/9/10 ms

R1和R2之间的连通性正常。

测试R1和R3之间的链路:

R1#ping 13.1.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.1.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/10/11 ms

R1和R3之间的连通性正常。

测试R2和R3之间的链路:

R2#ping 23.1.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23.1.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/9/11 ms

R2和R3之间的连通性正常。

实验02:配置Telnet与SSH

实验目的

  1. 理解Telnet与SSH的运行原理
  2. 掌握Telnet与SSH的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. SW1允许R1通过Telnet远程管理,VTY密码为xmws;
  3. R2允许R1通过SSH version2远程管理,用户名为xmws,密码为wisdom,域名为xmws.cn。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#enable password xmws

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#enable password xmws

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#exit

SW1(config)#enable password xmws   //必须设置,否则TelnetSW1后无法进入特权模式

SW1(config)#interface vlan 1

SW1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

SW1(config-if)#no shutdown

SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

SW1(config)#end

SW1#

步骤2:配置Telnet

配置SW1

SW1>enable

SW1#configure terminal

SW1(config)#line vty 0 4   //进入VTY

SW1(config-line)#password xmws   //设置Telnet登录的密码为xmws

SW1(config-line)#login   //启用密码

SW1(config-line)#transport input telnet   //允许通过Telnet远程登录

SW1(config-line)#end

SW1#

步骤3:配置SSH

配置R2

R2>enable

R2#configure terminal

R2(config)#username xmws password wisdom   //创建用户名和密码

R2(config)#ip ssh version 2   //启用SSH版本2

R2(config)#ip domain-name xmws.cn   //定义域名

R2(config)#crypto key generate rsa   //生成密钥

The name for the keys will be: R2.xmws.cn

Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of 360 to 4096 for your

  General Purpose Keys. Choosing a key modulus greater than 512 may take

  a few minutes.

How many bits in the modulus [512]: 1024   //SSHv2密钥长度至少768

% Generating 1024 bit RSA keys, keys will be non-exportable...

[OK] (elapsed time was 0 seconds)

R2(config)#

R2(config)#line vty 0 4

R2(config-line)#login local   //使用用户名和密码验证

R2(config-line)# transport input ssh   //允许通过SSH远程登录

R2(config-line)#end

R2#

实验检查

步骤1:Telnet测试

R1#telnet 192.168.1.1

Trying 192.168.1.1 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password:

SW1>   //成功登录SW1

注意,如果SW1没有设置Enable密码,R1登录到SW1后输Enable会出现如下提示:

R1#telnet 192.168.1.1

Trying 192.168.1.1 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password:

SW1>enable

% No password set

同时按<Ctrl+Shit+6>组合键,然后再按x把界面切回R1

R1#show sessions   //查看R1打开的Telnet会话

Conn Host                Address             Byte  Idle Conn Name

*  1 192.168.1.1         192.168.1.1            6     5 192.168.1.1

R1#resume 1   //重新连接到SW1

[Resuming connection 1 to 192.168.1.1 ... ]

SW1>

步骤2:检查Telnet

SW1#show users   //SW1上查看谁登录到自己

    Line       User       Host(s)              Idle       Location

*  0 con 0                idle                 00:00:00  

   2 vty 0                idle                 00:02:47 192.168.1.254

  Interface     User               Mode        Idle     Peer Address

Location表示是谁登录到自己,192.168.1.254是R1。

SW1#clear line 2   //清除R1的Telnet连接

[confirm]

 [OK]

SW1#show users

    Line       User       Host(s)              Idle       Location

*  0 con 0                idle                 00:00:00  

  Interface    User               Mode         Idle     Peer Address

R1已经被清除。

步骤3:SSH测试

R1#ssh -l xmws 192.168.12.2

Password:

R2>enable

Password:

R2#   //成功登录到R2

步骤4:检查SSH

R2#show ssh

Connection Version   Mode  Encryption  Hmac          State            Username

0          1.99     IN    aes128-ctr  hmac-sha2-256 Session started       xmws

0          1.99     OUT  aes128-ctr  hmac-sha2-256 Session started       xmws

实验03:配置CDP协议

实验目的

  1. 了解思科发现协议CDP的运行原理
  2. 掌握思科发现协议CDP的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R1上使用CDP查看SW1和R2的设备信息;
  3. 注意:CDP默认已经运行,不需要打开。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#exit

SW1(config)#interface vlan 1

SW1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

SW1(config-if)#no shutdown

SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

SW1(config)#end

SW1#

实验检查

步骤1:检查设备的接口状态

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                192.168.12.1    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

R1使用到的接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.12.2    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES TFTP  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

R2使用到的接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

检查SW1

SW1#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Vlan1                 192.168.1.1     YES manual up                    up     

SW1使用到的接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

步骤2:使用CDP查看物理相连的设备信息

检查R1上运行CDP的接口:

R1#show cdp interface

Ethernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

  Encapsulation ARPA

  Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds   //CDP报文每60秒发送一次

  Holdtime is 180 seconds   //CDP保持时间是180

Ethernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up

  Encapsulation ARPA

  Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds

  Holdtime is 180 seconds

Ethernet0/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down

  Encapsulation ARPA

  Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds

  Holdtime is 180 seconds

Ethernet0/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down

  Encapsulation ARPA

  Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds

  Holdtime is 180 seconds

 cdp enabled interfaces : 4

 interfaces up          : 2

 interfaces down        : 2

R1的E0/0和E0/1接口已经运行CDP。

检查R1上的CDP邻居:

R1#show cdp neighbors

Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge

                  S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - Phone,

                  D - Remote, C - CVTA, M - Two-port Mac Relay

Device ID        Local Intrfce     Holdtme    Capability  Platform  Port ID

SW1             Eth 0/0           169             R S I  Linux Uni Eth 0/0

R2               Eth 0/1           163             R B   Linux Uni Eth 0/0

Total cdp entries displayed : 2

R1上能够看到SW1和R2两个CDP邻居。

检查R1上的CDP条目:

R1#show cdp entry *

-------------------------

Device ID: SW1   //R1CDP邻居SW1

Entry address(es):

  IP address: 192.168.1.1   //SW1IP地址

Platform: Linux Unix,  Capabilities: Router Switch IGMP

Interface: Ethernet0/0,  Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0/0  //R1E0/0连接到了SW1E0/0

Holdtime : 132 sec

Version :

Cisco IOS Software, Linux Software (I86BI_LINUXL2-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M), Version 15.2(CML_NIGHTLY_20190423)FLO_DSGS7, EARLY DEPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT BUILD, synced to  V152_6_0_81_E

Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

Copyright (c) 1986-2019 by Cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Tue 23-Apr-19 02:38 by mmen

advertisement version: 2

VTP Management Domain: ''

Native VLAN: 1

Duplex: full

Management address(es):

  IP address: 192.168.1.1

-------------------------

Device ID: R2   //R1CDP邻居R2

Entry address(es):

  IP address: 192.168.12.2   //R2IP地址

Platform: Linux Unix,  Capabilities: Router Source-Route-Bridge

Interface: Ethernet0/1,  Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0/0   //R1E0/1连接到了R2E0/0

Holdtime : 124 sec

Version :

Cisco IOS Software, Linux Software (I86BI_LINUX-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M), Version 15.7(3)M2, DEVELOPMENT TEST SOFTWARE

Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

Copyright (c) 1986-2018 by Cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Wed 28-Mar-18 11:18 by prod_rel_team

advertisement version: 2

Management address(es):

  IP address: 192.168.12.2

R1有两个CDP邻居,分别是SW1和R2。

实验04:配置LLDP协议

实验目的

  1. 了解链路层发现协议LLDP的运行原理
  2. 掌握链路层发现协议LLDP的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R1上使用LLDP查看SW1和R2的设备信息;
  3. 注意:LLDP默认关闭,需要手工打开。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#exit

SW1(config)#interface vlan 1

SW1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

SW1(config-if)#no shutdown

SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

SW1(config)#end

SW1#

步骤2:配置LLDP

配置R1

R1>enable

R1#configure terminal

R1(config)#lldp run   //运行LLDP

配置R2

R2>enable

R2#configure terminal

R2(config)#lldp run

配置SW1

SW1>enable

SW1#configure terminal

SW1(config)#lldp run

实验检查

步骤1:检查设备的接口状态

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                192.168.12.1    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

R1使用到的接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.12.2    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES TFTP  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

R2使用到的接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

检查SW1

SW1#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Vlan1                 192.168.1.1     YES manual up                    up     

SW1使用到的接口已经配置好IP地址,并且是up up状态。

步骤2:使用LLDP查看物理相连的设备信息

检查R1上运行LLDP的接口:

R1#show lldp interface

Ethernet0/0:

    Tx: enabled

    Rx: enabled

    Tx state: IDLE

    Rx state: WAIT FOR FRAME

Ethernet0/1:

    Tx: enabled

    Rx: enabled

    Tx state: IDLE

    Rx state: WAIT FOR FRAME

Ethernet0/2:

    Tx: enabled

    Rx: enabled

    Tx state: INIT

    Rx state: WAIT PORT OPER

Ethernet0/3:

    Tx: enabled

    Rx: enabled

    Tx state: INIT

 --More--

R1的E0/0和E0/1接口已经运行LLDP。

检查R1上的LLDP邻居:

R1#show lldp neighbors

Capability codes:

    (R) Router, (B) Bridge, (T) Telephone, (C) DOCSIS Cable Device

    (W) WLAN Access Point, (P) Repeater, (S) Station, (O) Other

Device ID           Local Intf     Hold-time  Capability      Port ID

SW1                 Et0/0          120        R               Et0/0

R2                   Et0/1          120        R               Et0/0

Total entries displayed: 2

R1上能够看到SW1和R2两个LLDP邻居。

检查R1上的LLDP条目:

R1#show lldp entry *

Capability codes:

    (R) Router, (B) Bridge, (T) Telephone, (C) DOCSIS Cable Device

    (W) WLAN Access Point, (P) Repeater, (S) Station, (O) Other

------------------------------------------------

Local Intf: Et0/0   //R1本端的接口

Chassis id: aabb.cc00.3000

Port id: Et0/0   //对端的接口

Port Description: Ethernet0/0

System Name: SW1   //对端设备的主机名

System Description:

Cisco IOS Software, Linux Software (I86BI_LINUXL2-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M), Version 15.2(CML_NIGHTLY_20190423)FLO_DSGS7, EARLY DEPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT BUILD, synced to  V152_6_0_81_E

Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

Copyright (c) 1986-2019 by

Time remaining: 103 seconds

System Capabilities: B,R

Enabled Capabilities: R

Management Addresses:

    IP: 192.168.1.1   //SW1IP地址

Auto Negotiation - not supported

Physical media capabilities - not advertised

Media Attachment Unit type - not advertised

Vlan ID: - not advertised

------------------------------------------------

Local Intf: Et0/1

Chassis id: aabb.cc00.2000

Port id: Et0/0

Port Description: Ethernet0/0

System Name: R2

System Description:

Cisco IOS Software, Linux Software (I86BI_LINUX-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M), Version 15.7(3)M2, DEVELOPMENT TEST SOFTWARE

Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

Copyright (c) 1986-2018 by Cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Wed 28-Mar-18 11:18 by prod_rel_te

Time remaining: 98 seconds

System Capabilities: B,R

Enabled Capabilities: R

Management Addresses:

    IP: 192.168.12.2

Auto Negotiation - not supported

Physical media capabilities - not advertised

Media Attachment Unit type - not advertised

Vlan ID: - not advertised

Total entries displayed: 2

R1有两个CDP邻居,分别是SW1和R2。

实验05:管理交换机MAC地址表

实验目的

  1. 理解交换机的工作原理
  2. 掌握交换机MAC地址表的管理方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 测试主机之间以及主机和服务器之间的网络连通性;
  3. 把服务器的MAC地址绑定到SW2的MAC地址表。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 10.1.1.1/24      //设置IP地址

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 10.1.1.2/24

配置PC3

VPCS> set pcname PC3

PC3> ip 10.1.1.3/24

配置PC4

VPCS> set pcname PC4

PC4> ip 10.1.1.4/24

配置Server

VPCS> set pcname Server

Server> ip 10.1.1.5/24

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW2

SW2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW2(config)#line console 0

SW2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW2(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW2(config-line)#end

SW2#

步骤2:绑定服务器的MAC地址到SW2的MAC地址表

配置SW2

SW2#configure terminal

SW2(config)# mac address-table static 0050.7966.6805 vlan 1 interface Ethernet0/3

实验检查

步骤1:网络连通性测试

PC1> ping 10.1.1.2

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.502 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.738 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.584 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.646 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.730 ms

PC1与PC2的连通性正常。

PC1> ping 10.1.1.3

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.968 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.816 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.265 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.122 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.242 ms

PC1与PC3的连通性正常。

PC1> ping 10.1.1.4

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.900 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.303 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.880 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.086 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.259 ms

PC1与PC4的连通性正常。

PC1> ping 10.1.1.5

84 bytes from 10.1.1.5 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.875 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.5 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.248 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.5 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.145 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.5 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.942 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.5 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.317 ms

PC1与Server的连通性正常。

步骤2:管理交换机的MAC地址表

查看SW1的MAC地址表:

SW1#show mac address-table

          Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------

Vlan    Mac Address       Type          Ports

----     -----------          --------         -----

   1    0050.7966.6801    DYNAMIC     Et0/1

   1    0050.7966.6802    DYNAMIC     Et0/2

   1    0050.7966.6803    DYNAMIC     Et0/0

   1    0050.7966.6804    DYNAMIC     Et0/0

   1    0050.7966.6805    DYNAMIC     Et0/0

   1    aabb.cc00.7000    DYNAMIC     Et0/0

Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 6

SW1已经学习到PC1、PC2、PC3、PC4以及Server的MAC地址,学习方式是Dynamic。

清除SW1动态学习到的MAC地址条目:

SW1#clear mac address-table dynamic

SW1#show mac address-table         

          Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------

Vlan    Mac Address       Type        Ports

----     -----------          --------       -----

   1    aabb.cc00.7000    DYNAMIC   Et0/0

Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 1

Clear mac address-table dynamic命令能够清除通过Dynamic方式学习到的MAC地址条目。

查看SW2的MAC地址表:

SW2#show mac address-table

          Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------

Vlan    Mac Address       Type          Ports

----     -----------          --------         -----

   1    0050.7966.6801    DYNAMIC     Et0/0

   1    0050.7966.6803    DYNAMIC     Et0/1

   1    0050.7966.6804    DYNAMIC     Et0/2

   1    0050.7966.6805    STATIC       Et0/3

   1    aabb.cc00.6000    DYNAMIC     Et0/0

Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 5

Server的MAC地址是静态绑定的,所以类型是STATIC。

清除SW2动态学习到的MAC地址条目:

SW2#clear mac address-table dynamic

SW2#show mac address-table         

          Mac Address Table

-------------------------------------------

Vlan    Mac Address       Type        Ports

----     -----------          --------       -----

   1    0050.7966.6805    STATIC      Et0/3

   1    aabb.cc00.6000    DYNAMIC    Et0/0

Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 2

Clear mac address-table dynamic命令无法清除静态绑定的MAC地址条目。

实验06:配置VLAN

实验目的

  1. 理解VLAN的运行原理
  2. 掌握VLAN的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 分别在SW1和SW2上创建VLAN 10,名字为IT;
  3. 分别在SW1和SW2上把接口E0/0、E0/1和E0/2划入VLAN10;
  4. 测试PC之间的网络连通性。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 10.1.1.1/24      //设置IP地址

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 10.1.1.2/24

配置PC3

VPCS> set pcname PC3

PC3> ip 10.1.1.3/24

配置PC4

VPCS> set pcname PC4

PC4> ip 10.1.1.4/24

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW2

SW2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW2(config)#line console 0

SW2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW2(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW2(config-line)#end

SW2#

步骤2:VLAN的配置

配置SW1

SW1(config)#vlan 10

SW1(config-vlan)#name IT

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/0

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/1        

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access  

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW1(config-if)#exit                    

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/2        

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access  

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW1(config-if)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

SW2(config)#vlan 10

SW2(config-vlan)#name IT

SW2(config-vlan)#exit

SW2(config)#interface range Eth0/0 - 2   //同时将多个端口划入VLAN 10

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode access   

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10

SW2(config-if-range)#end

SW2#

实验检查

步骤1:检查SW1的VLAN信息

SW1#show vlan brief

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1    default                          active    Et0/3

10   IT                              active    Et0/0, Et0/1, Et0/2

1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup

1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

VLAN10有三个接口,分别是Et0/0、Et0/1、Et0/2。

步骤2:检查SW1的接口配置

SW1#sh run int Eth0/0

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 80 bytes

!

interface Ethernet0/0

 switchport access vlan 10

 switchport mode access

end

SW1#sh run int Eth0/1

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 80 bytes

!

interface Ethernet0/1

 switchport access vlan 10

 switchport mode access

end

SW1#sh run int Eth0/2

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 80 bytes

!

interface Ethernet0/2

 switchport access vlan 10

 switchport mode access

end

步骤3:测试网络的连通性

PC1> ping 10.1.1.2

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.835 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.765 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.866 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.824 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.828 ms

PC1与PC2的连通性正常。

PC1> ping 10.1.1.3

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.105 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.337 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.235 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.291 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.3 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.059 ms

PC1与PC3的连通性正常。

PC1> ping 10.1.1.4

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.826 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.957 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.194 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.214 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.4 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.184 ms

PC1与PC4的连通性正常。

实验07:配置Trunk

实验目的

  1. 理解Trunk的运行原理
  2. 掌握Trunk的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 分别在SW1和SW2创建VLAN10和VLAN20,名字为IT和HR;
  3. 分别在SW1和SW2上把相应的接口划入VLAN10和VLAN20;
  4. 把SW1和SW2互连的链路配置成Trunk,采用Dot1q封装;
  5. 测试PC之间的网络连通性。

  1. 实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 10.1.1.1/24      //设置IP地址

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 10.1.2.1/24

配置PC3

VPCS> set pcname PC3

PC3> ip 10.1.1.2/24

配置PC4

VPCS> set pcname PC4

PC4> ip 10.1.2.2/24

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW2

SW2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW2(config)#line console 0

SW2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW2(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW2(config-line)#end

SW2#

步骤2:VLAN的配置

配置SW1

SW1(config)#vlan 10

SW1(config-vlan)#name IT

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#vlan 20

SW1(config-vlan)#name HR

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/1

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/2

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access  

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

SW1(config-if)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

SW2(config)#vlan 10

SW2(config-vlan)#name IT

SW2(config-vlan)#exit

SW2(config)#vlan 20

SW2(config-vlan)#name HR

SW2(config-vlan)#exit

SW2(config)#interface Eth0/1

SW2(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW2(config-if)#exit

SW2(config)#interface Eth0/2

SW2(config-if)#switchport mode access  

SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

SW2(config-if)#end

SW2#

步骤3:Trunk的配置

配置SW1

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/0

SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

SW1(config-if)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

SW2(config)#interface Eth0/0

SW2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

SW2(config-if)#end

SW2#

实验检查

步骤1:检查VLAN

检查SW1

SW1#show vlan brief

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1    default                             active     Et0/3

10   IT                                 active     Et0/1

20   HR                                active     Et0/2

1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup

1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

SW1已经创建好VLAN10和VLAN20,并已将对应接口划入。

检查SW2

SW2#show vlan brief

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1    default                             active    Et0/3

10   IT                                 active    Et0/1

20   HR                                active    Et0/2

1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup

1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

SW2已经创建好VLAN10和VLAN20,并已将对应接口划入。

步骤2:检查Trunk

检查SW1

SW1#show interfaces Eth0/0 switchport

Name: Et0/0

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: trunk

Operational Mode: trunk

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Negotiation of Trunking: On

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Voice VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan host-association: none

Administrative private-vlan mapping: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled

Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q

Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk associations: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk mappings: none

Operational private-vlan: none

Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL

Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001

Capture Mode Disabled

Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL

Protected: false

Appliance trust: none

E0/0接口当前是Trunk,封装的协议是dot1q。

SW1#show interfaces trunk

Port        Mode            Encapsulation   Status        Native vlan

Et0/0       on               802.1q         trunking      1

Port        Vlans allowed on trunk

Et0/0       1-4094

Port        Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Et0/0       1,10,20

Port        Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Et0/0       1,10,20

E0/0封装的Trunk协议是dot1q,当前的状态是trunking。

SW1#sh run int Eth0/0

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 90 bytes

!

interface Ethernet0/0

 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

 switchport mode trunk

end

E0/0接口的Trunk封装协议是dot1q,模式是trunk。

检查SW2

SW2#show interfaces trunk

Port        Mode             Encapsulation  Status        Native vlan

Et0/0       on                802.1q        trunking      1

Port        Vlans allowed on trunk

Et0/0       1-4094

Port        Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Et0/0       1,10,20

Port        Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Et0/0       1,10,20

E0/0封装的Trunk协议是dot1q,当前的状态是trunking。

步骤4:网络连通性测试

测试PC1和PC3的连通性:

PC1> ping 10.1.1.2

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.603 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.234 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.027 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=2.372 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.1.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.200 ms

PC1和PC3的网络连通性正常。

测试PC2和PC4的连通性:

PC2> ping 10.1.2.2

84 bytes from 10.1.2.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.887 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.2.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.932 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.2.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.295 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.2.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.926 ms

84 bytes from 10.1.2.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.011 ms

PC2和PC4的网络连通性正常。

实验08:配置VTP

实验目的

  1. 了解VTP的运行原理
  2. 掌握VTP的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 把交换机互连的链路配置成Trunk,采用Dot1q封装;
  3. SW1是VTP服务器,SW2和SW3是VTP客户端,VTP域名为xmws,VTP密码为wisdom,开启VTP裁剪;
  4. 在SW1上创建VLAN10和VLAN20,名字为IT和HR;
  5. 分别在SW1、SW2和SW3上把相应的接口划入VLAN10和VLAN20;

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 10.1.1.1/24      //设置IP地址

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 10.1.2.1/24

配置PC3

VPCS> set pcname PC3

PC3> ip 10.1.1.2/24

配置PC4

VPCS> set pcname PC4

PC4> ip 10.1.2.2/24

配置PC5

VPCS> set pcname PC5

PC5> ip 10.1.1.3/24

配置PC6

VPCS> set pcname PC6

PC6> ip 10.1.2.3/24

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW2

SW2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW2(config)#line console 0

SW2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW2(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW2(config-line)#end

SW2#

配置SW3

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW3

SW3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW3(config)#line console 0

SW3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW3(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW3(config-line)#end

SW3#

步骤2:配置Trunk

配置SW1

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/0

SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

SW1(config-if)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

SW2(config)#interface range Eth0/0 , Eth0/3

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

SW2(config-if-range)#end

SW2#

配置SW3

SW3(config)#interface Eth0/0

SW3(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

SW3(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

SW3(config-if)#end

SW3#

步骤3:配置VTP

配置SW1

SW1(config)#vtp mode server

SW1(config)#vtp domain xmws

SW1(config)#vtp password wisdom

SW1(config)#vtp pruning

配置SW2

SW2(config)#vtp mode client

SW2(config)#vtp domain xmws

SW2(config)#vtp password wisdom

配置SW3

SW3(config)#vtp mode client

SW3(config)#vtp domain xmws

SW3(config)#vtp password wisdom

步骤4:配置VLAN

配置SW1

SW1(config)#vlan 10

SW1(config-vlan)#name IT

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#vlan 20

SW1(config-vlan)#name HR

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/1

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/2

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access  

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

SW1(config-if)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

SW2(config)#interface Eth0/1

SW2(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW2(config-if)#exit

SW2(config)#interface Eth0/2

SW2(config-if)#switchport mode access  

SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

SW2(config-if)#end

SW2#

配置SW3

SW3(config)#interface Eth0/1

SW3(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW3(config-if)#exit

SW3(config)#interface Eth0/2

SW3(config-if)#switchport mode access  

SW3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

SW3(config-if)#end

SW3#

实验检查

步骤1:检查VTP

检查SW1

SW1#show vtp status

VTP Version capable             : 1 to 3

VTP version running             : 1

VTP Domain Name                 : xmws

VTP Pruning Mode                : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation            : Disabled

Device ID                       : aabb.cc80.7000

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 4-23-20 17:18:33

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

Feature VLAN:

--------------

VTP Operating Mode                : Server

Maximum VLANs supported locally   : 1005

Number of existing VLANs          : 7

Configuration Revision            : 3

MD5 digest                        : 0x85 0x2D 0x06 0xA3 0x42 0x1B 0x93 0xEE

                                    0x90 0x66 0x1F 0x3C 0xA9 0x52 0xD5 0x38

SW1是VTP服务器,域名是xmws,裁剪已经启用。

SW1#show vtp password

VTP Password: wisdom

VTP密码是wisdom。

检查SW2

SW2#show vtp status

VTP Version capable             : 1 to 3

VTP version running             : 1

VTP Domain Name                 : xmws

VTP Pruning Mode                : Enabled

VTP Traps Generation            : Disabled

Device ID                       : aabb.cc80.8000

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 4-23-20 17:18:33

Feature VLAN:

--------------

VTP Operating Mode                : Client

Maximum VLANs supported locally   : 1005

Number of existing VLANs          : 7

Configuration Revision            : 3

MD5 digest                        : 0x85 0x2D 0x06 0xA3 0x42 0x1B 0x93 0xEE

                                    0x90 0x66 0x1F 0x3C 0xA9 0x52 0xD5 0x38

SW2是VTP客户端,域名是xmws,裁剪已经启用。

SW2#show vtp password

VTP Password: wisdom

VTP密码是wisdom。

步骤2:检查VLAN信息

检查SW1

SW1#show vlan brief

VLAN Name                           Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1    default                           active    Et0/3

10   IT                               active    Et0/1

20   HR                              active    Et0/2

1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup

1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

SW1作为VTP服务器,已经创建好VLAN10和VLAN20。

检查SW2

SW2#show vlan brief

VLAN Name                          Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1    default                          active   

10   IT                              active    Et0/1

20   HR                             active    Et0/2

1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup

1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

SW2作为VTP客户端,已经同步VTP服务器的VLAN信息。

检查SW3

SW3#show vlan brief

VLAN Name                          Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1    default                          active    Et0/3

10   IT                              active    Et0/1

20   HR                             active    Et0/2

1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup

1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

SW3作为VTP客户端,已经同步VTP服务器的VLAN信息。

实验09:配置生成树

实验目的

  1. 理解生成树的运行原理
  2. 掌握生成树的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 把交换机互连的链路配置成Trunk,采用Dot1q封装;
  3. 分别在SW1、SW2和SW3上创建VLAN10和VLAN20,并将相应的接口划到对应的VLAN;
  4. SW1要作为VLAN10的根,VLAN20的备份根,使PC1访问Server1的路径通过:PC1->SW3->SW1->Server1;
  5. SW2要作为VLAN20的根,VLAN10的备份根,使PC2访问Server2的路径通过:PC2->SW3->SW2->Server2;

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24      //设置IP地址

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 172.16.1.1/24

配置Server1

VPCS> set pcname Server1

Server1> ip 192.168.1.88/24

配置Server2

VPCS> set pcname Server2

Server2> ip 172.16.1.88/24

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW2

SW2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW2(config)#line console 0

SW2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW2(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW2(config-line)#end

SW2#

配置SW3

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW3

SW3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW3(config)#line console 0

SW3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW3(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW3(config-line)#end

SW3#

步骤2:配置Trunk与VLAN

配置SW1

SW1(config)#interface range Eth0/0 - 1

SW1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

SW1(config-if-range)#exit

SW1(config)#vlan 10

SW1(config-vlan)#name IT

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#vlan 20

SW1(config-vlan)#name HR

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#interface Eth0/2

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#end

SW1#

配置SW2

SW2(config)#interface range Eth0/1 , Eth0/3

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

SW2(config-if-range)#exit

SW2(config)#vlan 10

SW2(config-vlan)#name IT

SW2(config-vlan)#exit

SW2(config)#vlan 20

SW2(config-vlan)#name HR

SW2(config-vlan)#exit

SW2(config)#interface Eth0/2

SW2(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

SW2(config-if)#exit

SW2(config)#end

SW2#

配置SW3

SW3(config)#interface range Eth0/0 , Eth0/3

SW3(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

SW3(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

SW3(config-if-range)#exit

SW3(config)#vlan 10

SW3(config-vlan)#name IT

SW3(config-vlan)#exit

SW3(config)#vlan 20

SW3(config-vlan)#name HR

SW3(config-vlan)#exit

SW3(config)#interface Eth0/1

SW3(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW3(config-if)#exit

SW3(config)#interface Eth0/2

SW3(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

SW2(config-if)#exit

SW3(config)#end

SW3#

步骤3:配置生成树

配置SW1

SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 10 root primary

SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 20 root secondary

配置SW2

SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 20 root primary

SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 10 root secondary

实验检查

步骤1:检查VLAN10的生成树

检查SW1

SW1#show spanning-tree vlan 10

VLAN0010

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    24586

             Address     aabb.cc00.1000

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    24586  (priority 24576 sys-id-ext 10)

             Address     aabb.cc00.1000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time  15  sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Et0/0               Desg FWD 100       128.1    P2p

Et0/1               Desg FWD 100       128.2    P2p

Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p

SW1是VLAN10的根网桥,因为SW2是VLAN10的备份根网桥,所以SW3的E0/3针对VLAN10肯定是阻塞状态。

检查SW3

SW3#show spanning-tree vlan 10

VLAN0010

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    24586

             Address     aabb.cc00.1000

             Cost        100

             Port        1 (Ethernet0/0)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32778  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10)

             Address     aabb.cc00.3000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Et0/0               Root FWD 100       128.1    P2p

Et0/1               Desg FWD 100       128.2    P2p

Et0/3               Altn BLK 100       128.4    P2p

针对VLAN10,SW3的E0/3是阻塞的,E0/0是转发的,这样PC1访问Server1的路径就是:PC1->SW3->SW1->Server1。

步骤2:检查VLAN20的生成树

检查SW2

SW2#show spanning-tree vlan 20

VLAN0020

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    24596

             Address     aabb.cc00.2000

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    24596  (priority 24576 sys-id-ext 20)

             Address     aabb.cc00.2000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Et0/1               Desg FWD 100       128.2    P2p

Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p

Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p

SW2是VLAN20的根网桥,因为SW1是VLAN10的备份根网桥,所以SW3的E0/0针对VLAN20肯定是阻塞状态。

检查SW3

SW3#show spanning-tree vlan 20

VLAN0020

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    24596

             Address     aabb.cc00.2000

             Cost        100

             Port        4 (Ethernet0/3)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32788  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 20)

             Address     aabb.cc00.3000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Et0/0               Altn BLK 100       128.1    P2p

Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p

Et0/3               Root FWD 100       128.4    P2p

针对VLAN20,SW3的E0/0是阻塞的,E0/3是转发的,这样PC2访问Server2的路径就是:PC2->SW3->SW2->Server2。

实验10:配置VLAN间路由_01

实验目的

  1. 理解VLAN间路由的原理
  2. 掌握VLAN间路由的配置

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 配置单臂路由实现VLAN10和VLAN20之间的互访。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254    //设置IP地址与网关

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 172.16.1.1/24 172.16.1.254

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#end

R1#

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#end

SW1#

步骤2:单臂路由的配置

配置R1

R1(config)#interface Ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface Ethernet0/0.10

R1(config-if)#encapsulation dot1Q 10

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface Ethernet0/0.20

R1(config-if)#encapsulation dot1Q 20

R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置SW1

SW1(config)#vlan 10

SW1(config-vlan)#name IT

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#vlan 20

SW1(config-vlan)#name HR

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#interface Ethernet0/0

SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

SW1(config)#interface Ethernet0/1

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW1(config)#interface Ethernet0/2

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

实验检查

步骤1:检查R1

检查R1的接口状态:

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/0.10             192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/0.20             172.16.1.254    YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down  

检查R1的子接口信息:

R1#show vlans

Virtual LAN ID:  1 (IEEE 802.1Q Encapsulation)

   vLAN Trunk Interface:   Ethernet0/0

 This is configured as native Vlan for the following interface(s) :

Ethernet0/0

   Protocols Configured:   Address:              Received:        Transmitted:

Ethernet0/0 (1)

        Other                                           0                  20

   0 packets, 0 bytes input

   20 packets, 1440 bytes output

Virtual LAN ID:  10 (IEEE 802.1Q Encapsulation)

   vLAN Trunk Interface:   Ethernet0/0.10

   Protocols Configured:   Address:              Received:        Transmitted:

Ethernet0/0.10 (10)

           IP              192.168.1.254               14                   9

        Other                                           0                   3

   72 packets, 5232 bytes input

   12 packets, 1056 bytes output

Virtual LAN ID:  20 (IEEE 802.1Q Encapsulation)

   vLAN Trunk Interface:   Ethernet0/0.20

   Protocols Configured:   Address:              Received:        Transmitted:

Ethernet0/0.20 (20)

           IP              172.16.1.254                14                   9

        Other                                           0                   3

   72 packets, 5232 bytes input

   12 packets, 1056 bytes output

子接口E0/0.10的VLAN ID是10,IP地址是192.168.1.254;

子接口E0/0.20的VLAN ID是20,IP地址是172.16.1.254。

步骤2:检查SW1

检查SW1的VLAN信息:

SW1#show vlan brief

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1    default                             active    Et0/3

10   VLAN0010                         active    Et0/1

20   VLAN0020                         active    Et0/2

1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup

1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

检查SW1的Trunk状态:

SW1#show interfaces trunk

Port        Mode             Encapsulation  Status        Native vlan

Et0/0       on               802.1q         trunking      1

Port        Vlans allowed on trunk

Et0/0       1-4094

Port        Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Et0/0       1,10,20

Port        Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Et0/0       1,10,20

步骤3:测试网络连通性

PC1访问PC2

PC1> ping 172.16.1.1

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.597 ms

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=1.237 ms

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=1.975 ms

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=1.274 ms

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=1.243 ms

PC1> trace 172.16.1.1

trace to 172.16.1.1, 8 hops max, press Ctrl+C to stop

 1   192.168.1.254   0.443 ms  0.400 ms  0.715 ms

 2   *172.16.1.1   1.938 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)

通过Trace看到,数据包先到网关(R1),再到PC2。

实验11:配置VLAN间路由_02

实验目的

  1. 理解VLAN间路由的原理
  2. 掌握VLAN间路由的配置

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 通过三层交换机的SVI实现VLAN10和VLAN20的互访。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254    //设置IP地址与网关

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 172.16.1.1/24 172.16.1.254

配置SW1

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

SW1(config)#line console 0

SW1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

SW1(config-line)#logging synchronous

SW1(config-line)#end

SW1#

步骤2:VLAN间路由的配置

配置SW1

SW1(config)#vlan 10

SW1(config-vlan)#name IT

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#vlan 20

SW1(config-vlan)#name HR

SW1(config-vlan)#exit

SW1(config)#interface Ethernet0/1

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

SW1(config)#interface Ethernet0/2

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

SW1(config-if)#exit

SW1(config)#interface vlan 10

SW1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

SW1(config-if)#no shutdown

SW1(config)#interface vlan 20

SW1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0

SW1(config-if)#no shutdown

SW1(config)#ip routing

实验检查

检查SW1的接口状态:

SW1#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Vlan10                 192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Vlan20                 172.16.1.254    YES manual up                    up     

SVI10和SVI20状态正常。

测试网络的连通性:

PC1> ping 172.16.1.1

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=2.123 ms

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.626 ms

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.533 ms

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.466 ms

84 bytes from 172.16.1.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=0.505 ms

PC1> trace 172.16.1.1

trace to 172.16.1.1, 8 hops max, press Ctrl+C to stop

 1   192.168.1.254   0.758 ms  0.285 ms  0.736 ms

 2   *172.16.1.1   0.636 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)

实验12:配置静态路由

实验目的

  1. 了解静态路由的原理
  2. 掌握静态路由的配置

实验任务

  1. 任务1
  2. 任务2

任务1:实验拓扑

任务1:实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在路由器R1、R2、R3上配置静态路由,保证全网路由可达;

任务1:实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254    //设置IP地址与网关

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 192.168.2.1/24 192.168.2.254

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置R3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R3(config)#line console 0

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

步骤2:检查设备接口状态

检查PC1

PC1> show ip

NAME        : PC1[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.1.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.1.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:04

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.1    YES manual up                    up      

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  192.168.23.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

检查R3

R3#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.2.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.23.3    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

检查PC2

PC2> show ip

NAME        : PC2[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.2.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.2.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:05

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

步骤3:测试直连网络的连通性

测试PC1跟网关的网络连通性:

PC1> ping 192.168.1.254

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.359 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.459 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.463 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.403 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.417 ms

测试R1跟R2之间的网络连通性:

R1#ping 192.168.12.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/9/10 ms

测试R2跟R3之间的网络连通性:

R2#ping 192.168.23.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.23.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/11 ms

测试PC2跟网关的网络连通性:

PC2> ping 192.168.2.254

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.469 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.484 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.518 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.400 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.405 ms

注意,虽然设备之间的网络连通性正常了,但是PC1和PC2之间的网络是不可达的:

PC1> ping 192.168.2.1

*192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.345 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable)

*192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.462 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable)

*192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.543 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable)

*192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.494 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable)

*192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.467 ms (ICMP type:3, code:1, Destination host unreachable)

因为PC1把数据包发送给R1后,R1没有到达网络192.168.2.0/24的路由,所以R1无法转发数据包。

检查R1的路由表:

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R1只有两条直连路由,分别是192.168.1.0/24和192.168.12.0/24。

因此,我们需要在R1上配置去往192.168.2.0/24的静态路由。

步骤4:配置静态路由

配置R1

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

//当然也可以跟出接口

路由要有去有回网络才能通,所以R3上要配置回程路由。

配置R3

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial 1/0

//当然也可以跟下一跳

另外,沿途的路由器也要有去往源和目标网络的路由。

配置R2

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.1

//当然也可以跟出接口

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.3

//当然也可以跟出接口

这样当PC1把数据包发送给R1时,R1查路由表:

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

S     192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.12.2

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R1有到达网络192.168.2.0/24的路由,所以R1把数据包发送给下一跳R2,R2检查路由表:

R2#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

S     192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.12.1

S     192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.23.3

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

L        192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

R2有到达网络192.168.2.0/24的路由,所以R2把数据包发送给下一跳R3,R3检查路由表:

R3#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

S     192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

      192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.23.3/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R3上192.168.2.0/24是自己的直连网络,所以R3把数据包直接发给PC2。

回程数据包的转发原理一样,这里不再撰述。

步骤5:测试PC1跟PC2的网络连通性

PC1> ping 192.168.2.1

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=22.503 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=18.859 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=19.251 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=19.350 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=17.856 ms

因为需求要求全网路由可达;

如果这个时候在R1上Ping PC2,能不能通呢?不能!

在R1上Ping PC2,数据包源地址是192.168.12.1,数据包能到达PC2,但是回不来,因为R3上没有到达192.168.12.0/24的路由;

同理,R3上Ping PC1也不通,因为R1没有到达192.168.23.0/24的路由。

检查R3的路由表:

R3#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

S     192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

      192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.23.3/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R3没有到达网络192.168.12.0/24的路由。

配置R3

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2

//当然也可以跟出接口

同理,配置R1

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.23.0 255.255.255.0 serial 1/0

//当然也可以跟下一跳

检查R1的路由表:

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

S     192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.12.2

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

S     192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R1有到达192.168.2.0/24和192.168.23.0/24的路由。

检查R3的路由表:

R3#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

S     192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

      192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

S     192.168.12.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.23.2

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.23.3/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R3有到达192.168.1.0/24和192.168.12.0/24的路由。

步骤6:测试网络连通性

在PC1上测试:

PC1> ping 192.168.2.1

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=21.429 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=18.079 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=19.108 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=19.006 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=18.163 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.23.3

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=1 ttl=253 time=18.265 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=2 ttl=253 time=18.186 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=3 ttl=253 time=18.184 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=4 ttl=253 time=18.257 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=5 ttl=253 time=18.240 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.12.2

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=9.899 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=9.380 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=9.159 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=9.300 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=254 time=9.268 ms

任务2:实验拓扑

任务2:实验需求

  1. 在R1和R3上删除任务1的静态路由;
  2. 在路由器R1、R3上配置默认路由,使得全网路由可达。

任务2:实验步骤

步骤1:删除R1和R3上的静态路由并配置默认路由

配置R1

R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.23.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/0

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.12.2

配置R3

R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/0

R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2

R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.23.2

步骤2:检查默认路由

检查R1

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.12.2 to network 0.0.0.0

S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.12.2

      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

检查R3

R3#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.23.2 to network 0.0.0.0

S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.23.2

      192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.23.3/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

步骤3:网络连通性测试

PC1> ping 192.168.2.1

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=20.698 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=19.478 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=18.593 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=19.404 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=19.616 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.23.3

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=1 ttl=253 time=22.048 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=2 ttl=253 time=20.271 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=3 ttl=253 time=19.362 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=4 ttl=253 time=20.110 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=5 ttl=253 time=21.321 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.12.2

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=10.201 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=10.220 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=8.304 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=9.170 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=254 time=10.084 ms

实验13:配置EIGRP

实验目的

  1. 了解EIGRP的运行原理
  2. 了解EIGRP自动汇总的原理
  3. 掌握EIGRP基本的配置方法
  4. 掌握EIGRP手工汇总的配置方法

实验任务

  1. 任务1
  2. 任务2
  3. 任务3

任务1:实验拓扑

任务1:实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R1、R2、R3上配置EIGRP,使得全网路由可达;
  3. 测试网络的连通性。

任务1:实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254    //设置IP地址与网关

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 192.168.2.1/24 192.168.2.254

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置R3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R3(config)#line console 0

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

步骤2:检查设备接口状态

检查PC1

PC1> show ip

NAME        : PC1[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.1.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.1.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:04

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.1    YES manual up                    up      

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  192.168.23.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

检查R3

R3#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.2.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.23.3    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

检查PC2

PC2> show ip

NAME        : PC2[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.2.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.2.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:05

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

步骤3:测试直连网络的连通性

测试PC1跟网关的网络连通性:

PC1> ping 192.168.1.254

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.359 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.459 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.463 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.403 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.417 ms

测试R1跟R2之间的网络连通性:

R1#ping 192.168.12.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/9/10 ms

测试R2跟R3之间的网络连通性:

R2#ping 192.168.23.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.23.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/11 ms

测试PC2跟网关的网络连通性:

PC2> ping 192.168.2.254

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.469 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.484 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.518 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.400 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.405 ms

步骤4:配置EIGRP

配置R1

R1(config)#router eigrp 100

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#router eigrp 100

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255

R2(config-router)#end

R2#

配置R3

R3(config)#router eigrp 100

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config-router)#end

R3#

步骤5:检查EIGRP路由

检查R1

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

D     192.168.2.0/24 [90/2707456] via 192.168.12.2, 00:00:55, Serial1/0

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

D     192.168.23.0/24 [90/2681856] via 192.168.12.2, 00:01:34, Serial1/0

检查R2

R2#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

D     192.168.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.12.1, 00:02:26, Serial1/0

D     192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.23.3, 00:01:24, Serial1/1

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

L        192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

检查R3

R3#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

D     192.168.1.0/24 [90/2707456] via 192.168.23.2, 00:01:55, Serial1/0

      192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

D     192.168.12.0/24 [90/2681856] via 192.168.23.2, 00:01:55, Serial1/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.23.3/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

步骤6:测试网络的连通性

测试PC1

PC1> ping 192.168.2.1

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=21.438 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=14.345 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=19.706 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=18.968 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=19.006 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.23.3

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=1 ttl=253 time=18.992 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=2 ttl=253 time=18.513 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=3 ttl=253 time=18.559 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=4 ttl=253 time=18.514 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.23.3 icmp_seq=5 ttl=253 time=15.974 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.12.2

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=9.668 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=9.340 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=9.307 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=9.189 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.12.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=254 time=9.086 ms

任务2:实验拓扑

任务2:实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R1和R3上分别创建Lo1、Lo2、Lo3,IP地址如图所示,并宣告进EIGRP;
  3. 在R1、R2、R3上配置EIGRP,打开自动汇总,保证全网路由可达。

任务2:实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254    //设置IP地址与网关

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 192.168.2.1/24 192.168.2.254

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback 1

R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback 2

R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback 3

R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置R3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R3(config)#line console 0

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#interface loopback 1

R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface loopback 2

R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface loopback 3

R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

步骤2:检查设备接口状态

检查PC1

PC1> show ip

NAME        : PC1[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.1.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.1.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:04

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.1    YES manual up                    up      

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  192.168.23.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

检查R3

R3#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.2.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.23.3    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

检查PC2

PC2> show ip

NAME        : PC2[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.2.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.2.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:05

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

步骤3:测试直连网络的连通性

测试PC1跟网关的网络连通性:

PC1> ping 192.168.1.254

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.359 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.459 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.463 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.403 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.417 ms

测试R1跟R2之间的网络连通性:

R1#ping 192.168.12.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/9/10 ms

测试R2跟R3之间的网络连通性:

R2#ping 192.168.23.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.23.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/11 ms

测试PC2跟网关的网络连通性:

PC2> ping 192.168.2.254

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.469 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.484 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.518 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.400 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.405 ms

步骤4:打开EIGRP自动汇总

配置R1

R1(config)#router eigrp 100

R1(config-router)#auto-summary

R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#router eigrp 100

R2(config-router)#auto-summary

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255

R2(config-router)#end

R2#

配置R3

R3(config)#router eigrp 100

R3(config-router)#auto-summary

R3(config-router)#network 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config-router)#network 172.16.20.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config-router)#network 172.16.30.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config-router)#end

R3#

步骤5:检查EIGRP路由

检查R2

R2#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

D     172.16.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 192.168.23.3, 00:02:53, Serial1/1

                    [90/2297856] via 192.168.12.1, 00:02:53, Serial1/0

D     192.168.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.12.1, 00:19:55, Serial1/0

D     192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.23.3, 00:18:53, Serial1/1

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

L        192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

R2的路由表去往172.16.0.0/16是等价负载的,为什么?

EIGRP在自动汇总打开的情况下,在主类网络边界会执行自动汇总,将路由汇总成主类网络;

R1和R3的Lo1、Lo2、Lo3接口地址都是B类地址,所以R1和R3把它们汇总了B类网络,即,172.16.0.0/16。

假设这个时候R2有数据包要去往172.16.1.0/24或其它网络,那么有可能会出现以下情况:

R2#ping 172.16.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

U.U.U

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

R2#ping 172.16.2.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 7/9/11 ms

因为路由是负载的,所以有可能有的网络通,有的网络不通。

怎么解决?关闭自动汇总!

步骤6:关闭EIGRP自动汇总

注意,12.X版本的IOS自动汇总默认打开,15.X版本的IOS自动汇总默认关闭。

配置R1

R1(config)#router eigrp 100

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#router eigrp 100

R2(config-router)#no auto-summary

R2(config-router)#end

R2#

配置R3

R3(config)#router eigrp 100

R3(config-router)#no auto-summary

R3(config-router)#end

R3#

关闭自动汇总之后,R2的路由表看到的就是Loopback口的明细路由而不是汇总路由了。

检查R2

R2#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets

D        172.16.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.12.1, 00:01:01, Serial1/0

D        172.16.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.12.1, 00:01:01, Serial1/0

D        172.16.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.12.1, 00:01:01, Serial1/0

D        172.16.10.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.23.3, 00:00:07, Serial1/1

D        172.16.20.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.23.3, 00:00:07, Serial1/1

D        172.16.30.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.23.3, 00:00:07, Serial1/1

D     192.168.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.12.1, 00:34:55, Serial1/0

D     192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.23.3, 00:33:53, Serial1/1

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

L        192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

当然,也不会出现有的网络通,有的网络不通的情况了。

R2#ping 172.16.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/10 ms

R2#ping 172.16.2.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/10 ms

R2#ping 172.16.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/10 ms

R2#ping 172.16.10.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/10 ms

R2#ping 172.16.20.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.20.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/10 ms

R2#ping 172.16.30.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.30.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/10 ms

任务3:需求拓扑

任务3:实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R1、R2、R3上配置EIGRP,保证全网路由可达;
  3. 在R1上创建Lo1、Lo2、Lo3,IP地址如图所示,并宣告进EIGRP;
  4. 在R1上对Loopback口路由进行汇总,确保R2和R3能收到汇总路由;

任务3:实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254    //设置IP地址与网关

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 192.168.2.1/24 192.168.2.254

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback 1

R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback 2

R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback 3

R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置R3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R3(config)#line console 0

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

步骤2:检查设备接口状态

检查PC1

PC1> show ip

NAME        : PC1[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.1.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.1.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:04

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.1    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  192.168.23.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

检查R3

R3#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.2.254   YES manual up                    up      

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    

Serial1/0                  192.168.23.3    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 

检查PC2

PC2> show ip

NAME        : PC2[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.2.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.2.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:05

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

步骤3:测试直连网络的连通性

测试PC1跟网关的网络连通性:

PC1> ping 192.168.1.254

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.359 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.459 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.463 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.403 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.417 ms

测试R1跟R2之间的网络连通性:

R1#ping 192.168.12.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/9/10 ms

测试R2跟R3之间的网络连通性:

R2#ping 192.168.23.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.23.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/11 ms

测试PC2跟网关的网络连通性:

PC2> ping 192.168.2.254

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.469 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.484 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.518 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.400 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.405 ms

步骤4:配置EIGRP

配置R1

R1(config)#router eigrp 100

R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#router eigrp 100

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255

R2(config-router)#end

R2#

配置R3

R3(config)#router eigrp 100

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config-router)#end

R3#

步骤5:配置EIGRP手工汇总

配置R1

R1(config)#interface serial 1/0

R1(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 100 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

步骤6:检查EIGRP手工汇总

检查R1

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

      172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks

D        172.16.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:01:38, Null0

C        172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

L        172.16.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback1

C        172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback2

L        172.16.2.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback2

C        172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback3

L        172.16.3.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback3

      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

D     192.168.2.0/24 [90/2707456] via 192.168.12.2, 00:49:54, Serial1/0

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

D     192.168.23.0/24 [90/2681856] via 192.168.12.2, 00:50:33, Serial1/0

R1做完EIGRP手工汇总之后,本地会产生一条指向Null0的汇总路由,目的是防止环路。

检查R2

R2#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

D     172.16.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 192.168.12.1, 00:02:57, Serial1/0

D     192.168.1.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.12.1, 00:52:14, Serial1/0

D     192.168.2.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.23.3, 00:51:12, Serial1/1

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

L        192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

R1收到了汇总路由。

检查R3

R3#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

      172.16.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D        172.16.0.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.23.2, 00:03:26, Serial1/0

D     192.168.1.0/24 [90/2707456] via 192.168.23.2, 00:51:49, Serial1/0

      192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

D     192.168.12.0/24 [90/2681856] via 192.168.23.2, 00:51:49, Serial1/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.23.3/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R3也收到了汇总路由。

实验14:配置OSPF

实验目的

  1. 了解OSPF的运行原理
  2. 掌握OSPF的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 分别在R1、R2、R3上创建Loopback0接口,IP地址分别是1.1.1.1/32、2.2.2/32、3.3.3.3/32,Loopback0地址作为OSPF的Router-ID;
  3. 根据实验拓扑图的区域划分,在R1、R2、R3上配置OSPF,使得全网路由可达。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254    //设置IP地址与网关

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2

PC2> ip 192.168.2.1/24 192.168.2.254

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback0

R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface loopback0

R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置R3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R3(config)#line console 0

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#interface loopback0

R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

步骤2:检查设备接口状态

检查PC1

PC1> show ip

NAME        : PC1[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.1.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.1.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:04

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.1    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Loopback0                  1.1.1.1         YES manual up                    up        

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.12.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  192.168.23.2    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

Loopback0                  2.2.2.2         YES manual up                    up     

检查R3

R3#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                192.168.2.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  192.168.23.3    YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Loopback0                  3.3.3.3         YES manual up                    up     

检查PC2

PC2> show ip

NAME        : PC2[1]

IP/MASK     : 192.168.2.1/24

GATEWAY     : 192.168.2.254

DNS         :

MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:05

LPORT       : 20000

RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:30000

MTU         : 1500

步骤3:测试直连网络的连通性

测试PC1跟网关的网络连通性:

PC1> ping 192.168.1.254

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.359 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.459 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.463 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.403 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.417 ms

测试R1跟R2之间的网络连通性:

R1#ping 192.168.12.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/9/10 ms

测试R2跟R3之间的网络连通性:

R2#ping 192.168.23.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.23.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/11 ms

测试PC2跟网关的网络连通性:

PC2> ping 192.168.2.254

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.469 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.484 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.518 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.400 ms

  1. ytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.405 ms

步骤4:配置OSPF

配置R1

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R2(config-router)#end

R2#

配置R3

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R3(config-router)#end

R3#

实验检查

步骤1:检查OSPF邻居

检查R1

R1#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

2.2.2.2           0   FULL/  -        00:00:31    192.168.12.2    Serial1/0

Full是完全邻接状态,是正常的状态。

检查R2

R2#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

1.1.1.1           0   FULL/  -        00:00:31    192.168.12.1    Serial1/0

3.3.3.3           0   FULL/  -        00:00:39    192.168.23.3    Serial1/1

检查R3

R3#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

        1.           0   FULL/  -        00:00:33    192.168.23.2    Serial1/0

步骤2:检查OSPF路由

检查R1

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C        1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

O IA  192.168.2.0/24 [110/138] via 192.168.12.2, 00:04:48, Serial1/0

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

O IA  192.168.23.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.12.2, 00:06:10, Serial1/0

R1有两条O IA的路由,O IA表示OSPF区域间的路由;

因为R1所有接口都是属于Area 0,192.168.2.0/24和192.168.23.0/24都是属于Area 1,所以通过R2跨区域传递给R1之后,就形成了O IA路由。

检查R2

R2#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is not set

      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C        2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0

O     192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.12.1, 00:09:55, Serial1/0

O     192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.23.3, 00:08:24, Serial1/1

      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0

      192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

L        192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

因为R1既有接口属于Area 0,也有接口属于Area 1;

所以R1的路由表看到的都是O路由,O表示OSPF区域内的路由。

实验15:配置标准ACL

实验目的

    1. 理解标准ACL的应用
    2. 掌握标准ACL的配置

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 配置静态路由,使得全网路由可达;
  3. 在R3上部署ACL,只允许192.168.1.0/24和192.168.2.0/24网段的用户访问PC3。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC1

PC1(config)#no ip routing

PC1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

PC1(config-if)#no shutdown

PC1(config-if)#end

PC1#

配置PC2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC2

PC2(config)#no ip routing

PC2(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.2.254

PC2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

PC2(config-if)#no shutdown

PC2(config-if)#end

PC2#

配置PC3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC3

PC3(config)#no ip routing

PC3(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.3.254

PC3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

PC3(config-if)#no shutdown

PC3(config-if)#end

PC3#

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置R3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R3(config)#line console 0

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

步骤2:配置静态路由

配置R1

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.23.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

配置R2

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial1/0

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 serial1/1

配置R3

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2

这个时候任何一个网段都能访问PC3。

测试PC1访问PC3

PC1#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 19/20/22 ms

测试PC2访问PC3

PC2#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/11 ms

测试R1访问PC3

R1#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/19/22 ms

步骤3:配置标准ACL

配置R3

R3(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip access-group 1 in

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

这个时候除了192.168.1.0/24和192.168.2.0/24网段,其他网段就访问不了了。

测试PC1访问PC3

PC1#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 19/20/22 ms

测试PC2访问PC3

PC2#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/11 ms

测试R1访问PC3

R1#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

U.U.U

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

被ACL拒绝了。

实验16:配置扩展ACL

实验目的

  1. 理解扩展ACL的应用
  2. 掌握扩展ACL的配置

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 配置EIGRP,使得全网路由可达;
  3. 在R3上部署ACL,只允许192.168.1.0/24网段的用户Ping PC3;
  4. 在R3上部署ACL,只允许192.168.2.0/24网段的用户Telnet PC3。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC1

PC1(config)#no ip routing

PC1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

PC1(config-if)#no shutdown

PC1(config-if)#end

PC1#

配置PC2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC2

PC2(config)#no ip routing

PC2(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.2.254

PC2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

PC2(config-if)#no shutdown

PC2(config-if)#end

PC2#

配置PC3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC3

PC3(config)#no ip routing

PC3(config)#line vty 0 4

PC3(config-line)#password xmws

PC3(config-line)#login

PC3(config-line)#transport input telnet

PC3(config-line)#exit

PC3(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.3.254

PC3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

PC3(config-if)#no shutdown

PC3(config-if)#end

PC3#

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

配置R3

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R3(config)#line console 0

R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R3(config-line)#logging synchronous

R3(config-line)#exit

R3(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial1/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

步骤2:配置静态路由

配置R1

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.23.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

配置R2

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial1/0

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 serial1/1

配置R3

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2

R3(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2

这个时候任何一个网段都能访问PC3。

测试PC1 ping PC3

PC1#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 19/20/22 ms

测试PC1 telnet PC3

PC1#telnet 192.168.3.1

Trying 192.168.3.1 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password:

PC3>

测试PC2 ping PC3

PC2#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/11 ms

测试PC2 telnet PC3

PC1#telnet 192.168.3.1

Trying 192.168.3.1 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password:

PC3>

步骤3:配置扩展ACL

配置R3

R3(config)#access-list 101 permit icmp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 192.168.3.1

R3(config)#access-list 101 permit tcp 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 host 192.168.3.1 eq 23

R3(config)#interface serial 1/0

R3(config-if)#ip access-group 101 in

R3(config-if)#end

R3#

这个时候只有PC1能Ping PC3,PC2能Telnet PC3。

测试PC1 ping PC3

PC1#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 19/20/22 ms

测试PC1 telnet PC3

PC1#telnet 192.168.3.1

Trying 192.168.3.1 ...

% Destination unreachable; gateway or host down

PC1#

测试PC2 ping PC3

PC2#ping 192.168.3.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

U.U.U

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

测试PC2 telnet PC3

PC1#telnet 192.168.3.1

Trying 192.168.3.1 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password:

PC3>

实验17:配置静态NAT

实验目的

  1. 理解静态NAT的转换原理
  2. 掌握静态NAT的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R2上创建Loopback0接口,IP地址是9.6.7/32,模拟公网上的一台服务器;
  3. 在R1上配置静态NAT,PC1访问服务器使用12.1.1.11转换源地址;
  4. 在R1上配置静态NAT,PC2访问服务器使用12.1.1.12转换源地址。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC1

PC1(config)#no ip routing

PC1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

PC1(config-if)#no shutdown

PC1(config-if)#end

PC1#

配置PC2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC2

PC2(config)#no ip routing

PC2(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

PC2(config-if)#no shutdown

PC2(config-if)#end

PC2#

配置SW1

Switch>ena

Switch#conf t

Switch(config)#no ip domain-lookup

Switch(config)#line console 0

Switch(config-line)# logging s

Switch(config-line)# exec-t 0 0

Switch(config-line)# exit

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#end

SW1#

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface loopback0

R2(config-if)#ip address 9.2.6.7 255.255.255.255

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置静态NAT

配置R1

R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.1 12.1.1.11   //配置静态转换

R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.2 12.1.1.12   //配置静态转换

R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip nat inside   //指定inside接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/1

R1(config-if)#ip nat outside   //指定outside接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.1.2   //配置到达公网的默认路由

R1(config)#end

R1#

检查R1的NAT表项:

R1#show ip nat translations

Pro Inside global      Inside local       Outside local      Outside global

--- 12.1.1.11          192.168.1.1        ---                ---

--- 12.1.1.12          192.168.1.2        ---                ---

R1的NAT映射表创建了两个静态NAT条目。

测试PC1访问服务器:

PC1#ping 9.2.6.7

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 9.2.6.7, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

测试PC2访问服务器:

PC2#ping 9.2.6.7

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 9.2.6.7, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

检查R1的NAT表项:

R1#sh ip nat translations

Pro Inside global      Inside local       Outside local      Outside global

icmp 12.1.1.11:4       192.168.1.1:4      9.2.6.7:4          9.2.6.7:4

--- 12.1.1.11          192.168.1.1        ---                ---

icmp 12.1.1.12:2       192.168.1.2:2      9.2.6.7:2          9.2.6.7:2

--- 12.1.1.12          192.168.1.2        ---                ---

实验18:配置动态NAT

实验目的

  1. 理解动态NAT的转换原理
  2. 掌握动态NAT的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R2上创建Loopback0接口,IP地址是9.6.7/32,模拟公网上的一台服务器;
  3. 在R1上配置动态NAT,地址池范围为12.1.1.11~12.1.1.20,使得PC1和PC2能够访问公网服务器。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC1

PC1(config)#no ip routing

PC1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

PC1(config-if)#no shutdown

PC1(config-if)#end

PC1#

配置PC2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC2

PC2(config)#no ip routing

PC2(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

PC2(config-if)#no shutdown

PC2(config-if)#end

PC2#

配置SW1

Switch>ena

Switch#conf t

Switch(config)#no ip domain-lookup

Switch(config)#line console 0

Switch(config-line)# logging s

Switch(config-line)# exec-t 0 0

Switch(config-line)# exit

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#end

SW1#

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface loopback0

R2(config-if)#ip address 9.2.6.7 255.255.255.255

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置动态NAT

配置R1

R1(config)#ip nat pool xmws 12.1.1.11 12.1.1.20 netmask 255.255.255.0   //创建地址池

R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255   //通过ACL定义哪些子网能做NAT

R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool xmws   //关联ALC和地址池

R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip nat inside   //指定inside接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/1

R1(config-if)#ip nat outside   //指定outside接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.1.2   //配置到达公网的默认路由

测试PC1访问服务器:

PC1#ping 9.2.6.7

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 9.2.6.7, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

测试PC2访问服务器:

PC2#ping 9.2.6.7

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 9.2.6.7, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

检查R1的NAT表项:

R1#show ip nat translations

Pro Inside global      Inside local       Outside local      Outside global

icmp 12.1.1.12:6       192.168.1.1:6      9.2.6.7:6          9.2.6.7:6

--- 12.1.1.12          192.168.1.1        ---                ---

icmp 12.1.1.13:4       192.168.1.2:4      9.2.6.7:4          9.2.6.7:4

--- 12.1.1.13          192.168.1.2        ---                ---

实验19:配置PAT

实验目的

  1. 理解PAT的转换原理
  2. 掌握PAT的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R2上创建Loopback0接口,IP地址是9.6.7/32,模拟公网上的一台服务器;
  3. 在R1上配置PAT,使得PC1和PC2能够复用E0/1接口地址访问公网服务器。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC1

PC1(config)#no ip routing

PC1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

PC1(config-if)#no shutdown

PC1(config-if)#end

PC1#

配置PC2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC2

PC2(config)#no ip routing

PC2(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

PC2(config-if)#no shutdown

PC2(config-if)#end

PC2#

配置SW1

Switch>ena

Switch#conf t

Switch(config)#no ip domain-lookup

Switch(config)#line console 0

Switch(config-line)# logging s

Switch(config-line)# exec-t 0 0

Switch(config-line)# exit

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#end

SW1#

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface loopback0

R2(config-if)#ip address 9.2.6.7 255.255.255.255

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置PAT

配置R1

R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255   //定义ACL

R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface ethernet 0/1 overload   //关联ACLoutside接口

R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip nat inside   //指定inside接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/1

R1(config-if)#ip nat outside   //指定outside接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.1.2   //配置到达公网的默认路由

测试PC1访问服务器:

PC1#ping 9.2.6.7

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 9.2.6.7, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

测试PC2访问服务器:

PC2#ping 9.2.6.7

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 9.2.6.7, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

检查R1的NAT表项:

R1#show ip nat translations

Pro Inside global      Inside local       Outside local      Outside global

icmp 12.1.1.1:7        192.168.1.1:7      9.2.6.7:7          9.2.6.7:7

icmp 12.1.1.1:5        192.168.1.2:5      9.2.6.7:5          9.2.6.7:5

Inside global都是12.1.1.1,通过端口号区分不同的主机。

实验20:配置静态PAT

实验目的

  1. 理解静态PAT的转换原理
  2. 掌握静态PAT的配置方法

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R2上创建Loopback0接口,IP地址是9.6.7/32,模拟公网上的一台服务器;
  3. 在R1上配置静态PAT,使得Internet用户能够访问PC1的Telnet服务;
  4. 在R1上配置静态PAT,使得Internet用户能够访问PC2的Web服务。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC1

PC1(config)#line vty 0 4   //进入VTY

PC1(config-line)#password xmws   //设置VTY密码

PC1(config-line)#login   //启用密码

PC1(config-line)#transport input telnet   //允许Telnet远程登录

PC1(config-line)#exit

PC1(config)#no ip routing

PC1(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

PC1(config-if)#no shutdown

PC1(config-if)#end

PC1#

配置PC2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname PC2

PC2(config)#no ip routing

PC2(config)#ip http server   //开启HTTP服务

PC2(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254

PC2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

PC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

PC2(config-if)#no shutdown

PC2(config-if)#end

PC2#

配置SW1

Switch>ena

Switch#conf t

Switch(config)#no ip domain-lookup

Switch(config)#line console 0

Switch(config-line)# logging s

Switch(config-line)# exec-t 0 0

Switch(config-line)# exit

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#end

SW1#

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface loopback0

R2(config-if)#ip address 9.2.6.7 255.255.255.255

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置动态NAT

配置R1

R1(config)#ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.1.1 23 12.1.1.1 23   //创建静态映射

R1(config)#ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.1.2 80 12.1.1.1 80   //创建静态映射

R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip nat inside   //指定inside接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/1

R1(config-if)#ip nat outside   //指定outside接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.1.2   //定义到达公网的默认路由

检查R1的NAT表项:

R1#show ip nat translations

Pro Inside global      Inside local       Outside local      Outside global

tcp 12.1.1.1:23        192.168.1.1:23     ---                ---

tcp 12.1.1.1:80        192.168.1.2:80     ---                ---

因为是静态PAT,所以即使没有流量,NAT转换表也有条目。

在R2上测试Telnet服务:

R2#telnet 12.1.1.1

Trying 12.1.1.1 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password:

PC1>

PC1的Telnet服务发布成功。

在R2上测试Web服务:

R2#telnet 12.1.1.1 80

Trying 12.1.1.1, 80 ... Open

PC2的Web服务发布成功。

检查R1的NAT表项:

R1#show ip nat translations

Pro Inside global      Inside local       Outside local      Outside global

tcp 12.1.1.1:23        192.168.1.1:23     12.1.1.2:64490     12.1.1.2:64490

tcp 12.1.1.1:23        192.168.1.1:23     ---                ---

tcp 12.1.1.1:80        192.168.1.2:80     12.1.1.2:36455     12.1.1.2:36455

tcp 12.1.1.1:80        192.168.1.2:80     ---                ---

有流量触发之后,NAT转换表多出两个动态条目。

实验21:配置PAP单向认证

实验目的

  1. 理解PAP认证的原理
  2. 掌握PAP认证的配置

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R1和R2之间做PAP单向认证,R1是认证方,R2是被认证方。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置PAP认证

配置R1

R1(config)#interface serial 1/0

R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp   //封装PPP

R1(config-if)#ppp authentication pap   //启用PAP认证

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#username xmws password wisdom   //创建用户名和密码

R1(config)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#interface serial 1/0

R2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp   //封装PPP

R2(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username xmws password wisdom   //PAP发送的用户名和密码

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤3:检查PAP认证

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  12.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  12.1.1.2        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

实验22:配置PAP双向认证

实验目的

  1. 理解PAP认证的原理
  2. 掌握PAP认证的配置

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R1和R2之间做PAP的双向认证。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置PAP认证

配置R1

R1(config)#interface serial 1/0

R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp   //封装PPP

R1(config-if)#ppp authentication pap   //启用PAP认证

R1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username R1 password xmws   //PAP发送的用户名和密码

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#username R2 password xmws   //创建用户名和密码

R1(config)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#interface serial 1/0

R2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp   //封装PPP

R2(config-if)#ppp authentication pap   //启用PAP认证

R2(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username R2 password xmws   //PAP发送的用户名和密码

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#username R1 password xmws   //创建用户名和密码

R2(config)#end

R2#

步骤3:检查PAP认证

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  12.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up      

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  12.1.1.2        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

实验23:配置CHAP单向认证

实验目的

  1. 理解CHAP认证的原理
  2. 掌握CHAP认证的配置

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R1和R2之间做CHAP单向认证,R1是认证方,R2是被认证方。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置CHAP认证

配置R1

R1(config)#interface serial 1/0

R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp   //封装PPP

R1(config-if)#ppp authentication chap   //启用CHAP认证

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#username xmws password wisdom   //创建用户名和密码

R1(config)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#interface serial 1/0

R2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp   //封装PPP

R2(config-if)#ppp chap hostname xmws   //CHAP认证的用户名

R2(config-if)#ppp chap password wisdom   //CHAP认证的密码

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤3:检查:CHAP认证

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  12.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  12.1.1.2        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

实验24:配置CHAP双向认证

实验目的

  1. 理解CHAP认证的原理
  2. 掌握CHAP认证的配置

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R1和R2之间做CHAP的双向认证。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface serial1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置CHAP认证

配置R1

R1(config)#interface serial 1/0

R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp   //封装PPP

R1(config-if)#ppp authentication chap   //启用CHAP认证

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#username R2 password xmws   //创建用户名和密码

R1(config)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#interface serial 1/0

R2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp   //封装PPP

R2(config-if)#ppp authentication chap   //启用CHAP认证

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#username R1 password xmws   //创建用户名和密码

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤3:检查CHAP认证

检查R1

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  12.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/1                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/2                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  12.1.1.2        YES manual up                    up     

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

实验25:配置PPPoE

实验目的

  1. 理解PPPoE的原理
  2. 掌握PPPoE的配置

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. R1是PPPoE服务器,R2是PPPoE客户端,R2去R1认证并获得IP地址。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置PC1

VPCS> set pcname PC1   //设置主机名

PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254   //设置IP地址与默认网关

配置PC2

VPCS> set pcname PC2   //设置主机名

PC2> ip 192.168.2.1/24 192.168.2.254   //设置IP地址与默认网关

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface Eth0/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface Eth0/2

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置PPPoE

配置R1

R1(config)#username xmws password wisdom

R1(config)#bba-group pppoe ToR2

R1(config-bba-group)#virtual-template 1

R1(config-bba-group)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#pppoe enable group ToR2

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface virtual-template 1

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.252

R1(config-if)#ip mtu 1492

R1(config-if)#peer default ip address pool PoR2

R1(config-if)#ppp authentication chap

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ip local pool PoR2 12.1.1.2

R1(config)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#pppoe enable

R2(config-if)#pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface dialer 1  

R2(config-if)#ip mtu 1492

R2(config-if)#dialer pool 1

R2(config-if)#ip address negotiated

R2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp

R2(config-if)#ppp ipcp route default

R2(config-if)#ppp chap hostname xmws

R2(config-if)#ppp chap password wisdom

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤3:检查PPPoE

检查R2

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Ethernet0/0                unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Ethernet0/1                192.168.1.254   YES manual up                    up     

Ethernet0/2                192.168.2.254   YES manual up                    up      

Ethernet0/3                unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/0                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    

Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Dialer1                    12.1.1.2        YES IPCP   up                    up     

Virtual-Access1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up     

Virtual-Access2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up 

R2#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       a - application route

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0

S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 12.1.1.1

      12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C        12.1.1.1 is directly connected, Dialer1

C        12.1.1.2 is directly connected, Dialer1

      192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1

L        192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1

      192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2

L        192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/2

R2#show interfaces dialer 1

Dialer1 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing)

  Hardware is Unknown

  Internet address is 12.1.1.2/32

  MTU 1492 bytes, BW 56 Kbit/sec, DLY 20000 usec,

     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

  Encapsulation PPP, LCP Closed, loopback not set

  Keepalive set (10 sec)

  DTR is pulsed for 1 seconds on reset

  Interface is bound to Vi2

  Last input never, output never, output hang never

  Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:20:57

  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0

  Queueing strategy: fifo

  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)

  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

     6 packets input, 84 bytes

     250 packets output, 3500 bytes

Bound to:

Virtual-Access2 is up, line protocol is up

  Hardware is Virtual Access interface

  MTU 1492 bytes, BW 56 Kbit/sec, DLY 20000 usec,

     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

 --More--

实验26:配置IPv6地址与路由

实验目的

  1. 掌握IPv6地址的配置方法
  2. 掌握IPv6静态路由的配置方法
  3. 掌握IPv6默认路由的配置方法​​​​​​​

实验拓扑

实验需求

  1. 根据实验拓扑图,完成设备的基本配置;
  2. 在R2上配置IPv6静态路由,使得R2能够访问R1的Loopback0;
  3. 在R1上配置IPv6默认路由,使得R1能够访问R2的Loopback0。

实验步骤

步骤1:设备的基本配置

配置R1

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R1(config-line)#logging synchronous

R1(config-line)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback 0

R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:9267:1:1::1/64

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:9267:12::1/64

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#end

R1#

配置R2

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#hostname R2

R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup

R2(config)#line console 0

R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

R2(config-line)#logging synchronous

R2(config-line)#exit

R2(config)#interface loopback 0

R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:9267:2:2::2/64

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface ethernet0/0

R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:9267:12::2/64

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#end

R2#

步骤2:配置IPv6静态路由

配置R1

R1(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 2001:9267:12::2

R1(config)#end

R1#

配置R2

R2(config)#ipv6 route 2001:9267:1:1::/64 2001:9267:12::1

R2(config)#end

R2#

步骤3:检查IPv6静态路由

检查R1

R1#show ipv6 route

IPv6 Routing Table - default - 6 entries

Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route

       B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - Mobile Router, R - RIP

       H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea

       IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, NM - NEMO

       ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr - Redirect

       RL - RPL, O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1

       OE2 - OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2

       la - LISP alt, lr - LISP site-registrations, ld - LISP dyn-eid

       lA - LISP away, a - Application

S   ::/0 [1/0]

     via 2001:9267:12::2

C   2001:9267:1:1::/64 [0/0]

     via Loopback0, directly connected

L   2001:9267:1:1::1/128 [0/0]

     via Loopback0, receive

C   2001:9267:12::/64 [0/0]

     via Ethernet0/0, directly connected

L   2001:9267:12::1/128 [0/0]

     via Ethernet0/0, receive

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

     via Null0, receive

检查R2

R2#show ipv6 route

IPv6 Routing Table - default - 6 entries

Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route

       B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - Mobile Router, R - RIP

       H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea

       IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, NM - NEMO

       ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr - Redirect

       RL - RPL, O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1

       OE2 - OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2

       la - LISP alt, lr - LISP site-registrations, ld - LISP dyn-eid

       lA - LISP away, a - Application

S   2001:9267:1:1::/64 [1/0]

     via 2001:9267:12::1

C   2001:9267:2:2::/64 [0/0]

     via Loopback0, directly connected

L   2001:9267:2:2::2/128 [0/0]

     via Loopback0, receive

C   2001:9267:12::/64 [0/0]

     via Ethernet0/0, directly connected

L   2001:9267:12::2/128 [0/0]

     via Ethernet0/0, receive

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

     via Null0, receive

步骤3:测试IPv6网络的连通性

测试R1

R1#ping 2001:9267:2:2::2 source loopback 0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:9267:2:2::2, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 2001:9267:1:1::1

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

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