node-red：MODBUS协议数据格式转换
- 一、32word无符号转换
- 1.1 写操作
- 1.2 读操作
- 二、字符串转换
- 2.1 字符串写操作
- 2.2 字符串读操作
- 三、有符号整数转换
- 3.1 `有符号16word转换`
- 3.1.1 负数 读 操作
- 3.1.2 负数 写 操作
- 3.2 `有符号32word转换`
- 源码
本文将描述通过node-red采集工业数据时，采集到的数据需要进行转换的操作方法。
对于运行在RTU或ASCII传输模式下的modbus协议，它接收主设备发送的指令报文，并根据窗口配置的数据返回主设备需要的指令报文。根据Modbus协议的规定，所有的数值都是以16位二进制形式进行存储和运算的。
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一、32word无符号转换
Modbus协议中，32位整数的存储格式会因具体的数据类型而有所不同。Modbus协议对32位无符号整数的存储方式是将该整数分解为两个16位的寄存器来处理，第一个元素是高16位，第二个元素是低16位，具体的字节顺序可以有四种选择：无符号整数大端序、无符号整数小端序、无符号整数大端字节交换和无符号整数小端字节交换。例如，一个无符号的32位整数0x12345678在Modbus中的存储形式可能会是：0x12 0x34 0x56 0x78，具体取决于所选择的字节顺序。其中：
大端序Big-Endian（BE）：将最高位字节存储在最低的地址位置；小端序（LE）：则是将最高位字节存储在最高的地址位置；无符号整数大端字节交换和小端字节交换（BIG_ENDIAN和LITTLE_ENDIAN）：指将每个字节的顺序颠倒，但不考虑符号位。
1.1 写操作
- 将32位整数转换为16位整数数组
- 使用无符号整数大端序（BE）的转换方式，js代码如下：
/** 使用无符号整数大端序（BE）的转换方式，将一个32位整数，转换为一个包含两个元素的数组，
* 其中第一个元素是高16位，第二个元素是低16位 */
function int32ToArrayBE(num) {
const high = (num >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
const low = num & 0xFFFF;
return [high, low];
}
- 通过modbus节点写入，示例如下
数据已成功写入：
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1.2 读操作
实现步骤：
- 将一个包含两个元素的数组转换为一个32位整数
- 使用无符号整数大端序（BE）的转换方式，js代码如下：
//将一个包含两个元素的数组转换为一个32位整数，其中第一个元素是高16位，第二个元素是低16位。
//转换方式是先将第一个元素左移16位，然后与第二个元素进行按位或操作。
function arrayToInt32BE(data) {
return (data[0] << 16) | data[1];
}
- 通过modbus节点读取，示例如下：
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二、字符串转换
modbus支持对字符串类型的数据进行读写操作，进行字符串类型数据的操作时，是基于ASCII码格式进行的，一个字符占一个字节，支持字母、中文已经符号。
2.1 字符串写操作
实现步骤：
- 将字符串转换成字节数组，函数如下：
/**将一个字符串，获取每个字符的Unicode编码，转换为字节数组 */
function stringToByteArray(str) {
let byteArray = [];
for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
byteArray.push(str.charCodeAt(i));
}
return byteArray;
}
- 将字节数组批量写入modbus中 ，示例如下：
执行后，可以看到对应地址的数据：
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2.2 字符串读操作
实现步骤：
- modbus节点读取起始地址为n，直至字符串字节数组长度的连续地址的数据数组
- 将得到到的字节数组转换为字符串，转换函数如下：
//将Unicode编码字节数组转换为对应的字符
msg.payload = String.fromCharCode(...msg.payload.slice(0, 8));
//有需要的话可以去掉字符串中的null和结尾的空字符
msg.payload = msg.payload.trim().replace(/\u0000/g, '');
return msg;
示例如下：
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三、有符号整数转换
- 正整数就是正常的读\写，不需要转换。
- 对于负数，在计算机和数字系统中，负数通常使用二进制补码形式来表示。这种方法是将负数的绝对值取反后再加一得到的。如’-80’的二进制补码就是’65456’。
如我们在modsim32中输入
-55，实际显示在计算机上的是65481
3.1 有符号16word转换
3.1.1 负数 读 操作
有符号16word转换成补码是占一位地址，通过modbus读取过来是十进制整数，我们需要将其通过node-red的modbus协议读取对应地址下的数据，该数据为补码，需要将其转换为实际的有符号16位整数。有两种转换方式，如下示例所示：
- 通过js函数转换：
/** 有符号整数补码转换转成16位有符号整数：
* 如-80的补码为65456，读取出来是65456，需要通过该函数转换成-80
*/
function Signed16ToInt16Be(num){
//32767是16位带符号证书能表示的最大正数，当数值从32767再增加1时，就会上溢变成负数。
//即mod通信中所有的负数都是用补码形式存储（如‘-80’实际读\写出来是‘65456’）
//需要检测是否发生了从正数到负数的转换，即是否发生了上溢或下溢,如果有，进行转换
return num >= 32768 ? num - 65536 : num;
}
- 使用parse节点工具转换：
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3.1.2 负数 写 操作
直接将负数写入对应地址时，不生效。需要先将其转换成补码，然后再将补码写入地址。js将负数转换成补码的函数如下：
/**
* 负数转成对应的补码
* 在计算机中，负数通常使用补码表示，如'-80'用补码表示为'65456'.
*/
function Int16BeToSigned16(num) {
//如果数字小于0，将其转换成十进制补码：65536是2的16次幂，也就是2^16
if(num < 0){
num += 65536
}
return num;
}
实战示例如下：
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3.2 有符号32word转换
回到目录
源码
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{
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"showLogs": true
}
]
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