【学习代码】PyTorch代码练习

news2025/1/20 2:17:27

文章目录

Attention
- SEAttention【显式地建模特征通道之间的相互依赖关系】【easy】
- CBAM Attention【SEAttention通道注意力 + 空间注意力】【middle】
- SelfAttention【重点：理解意义 and 实践！】【hard】

Attention

SEAttention【显式地建模特征通道之间的相互依赖关系】【easy】

【论文解读】SENet网络: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/80123284

在这里插入图片描述

注意点：最后是sigmoid()

代码来源：https://github.com/xmu-xiaoma666/External-Attention-pytorch/blob/master/model/attention/SEAttention.py

import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init

class SEAttention(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, channel=512,reduction=16):
        super().__init__()
        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.fc = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(channel, channel // reduction, bias=False),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(channel // reduction, channel, bias=False),
            nn.Sigmoid() # 这里是sigmoid
        )


    def init_weights(self):
        for m in self.modules():
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out')
                if m.bias is not None:
                    init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm2d):
                init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
                init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                init.normal_(m.weight, std=0.001)
                if m.bias is not None:
                    init.constant_(m.bias, 0)

    def forward(self, x):
        b, c, _, _ = x.size()
        y = self.avg_pool(x).view(b, c)
        y = self.fc(y).view(b, c, 1, 1)
        return x * y.expand_as(x)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    input=torch.randn(50,512,7,7)
    se = SEAttention(channel=512,reduction=8)
    output=se(input)
    print(output.shape)

CBAM Attention【SEAttention通道注意力 + 空间注意力】【middle】

图画得不错

在这里插入图片描述

注意点：
1. 最后也是接sigmoid激活，限制值 0-1范围
2. 是残差连接
3. 逐元素相乘 *，自动会用广播机制

代码来源：https://github.com/xmu-xiaoma666/External-Attention-pytorch/blob/master/model/attention/CBAM.py

import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init



class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,channel,reduction=16):
        super().__init__()
        self.maxpool=nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)
        self.avgpool=nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.se=nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(channel,channel//reduction,1,bias=False),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Conv2d(channel//reduction,channel,1,bias=False)
        )
        self.sigmoid=nn.Sigmoid()
    
    def forward(self, x) :
        print(f'ChannelAttention ===============>')
        print(f'x.shape = {x.shape}')
        max_result=self.maxpool(x)
        avg_result=self.avgpool(x)
        max_out=self.se(max_result)
        avg_out=self.se(avg_result)
        output=self.sigmoid(max_out+avg_out)
        print(f'output.shape = {output.shape}') # output.shape = torch.Size([50, 512, 1, 1])
        return output

class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,kernel_size=7):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv=nn.Conv2d(2,1,kernel_size=kernel_size,padding=kernel_size//2)
        self.sigmoid=nn.Sigmoid()
    
    def forward(self, x) :
        print(f'SpatialAttention ===============>')
        print(f'x.shape = {x.shape}')
        max_result,_=torch.max(x,dim=1,keepdim=True)
        avg_result=torch.mean(x,dim=1,keepdim=True)
        result=torch.cat([max_result,avg_result],1)
        output=self.conv(result)
        output=self.sigmoid(output)
        print(f'output.shape = {output.shape}') # output.shape = torch.Size([50, 1, 7, 7])
        return output



class CBAMBlock(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, channel=512,reduction=16,kernel_size=49):
        super().__init__()
        self.ca=ChannelAttention(channel=channel,reduction=reduction)
        self.sa=SpatialAttention(kernel_size=kernel_size)


    def init_weights(self):
        for m in self.modules():
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out')
                if m.bias is not None:
                    init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm2d):
                init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
                init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                init.normal_(m.weight, std=0.001)
                if m.bias is not None:
                    init.constant_(m.bias, 0)

    def forward(self, x):
        b, c, _, _ = x.size()
        residual=x
        out=x*self.ca(x) # 逐元素相乘 *，自动 会用 广播机制
        out=out*self.sa(out)
        return out+residual


if __name__ == '__main__':
    input=torch.randn(50,512,7,7)
    kernel_size=input.shape[2]
    cbam = CBAMBlock(channel=512,reduction=16,kernel_size=kernel_size)
    output=cbam(input)
    print(output.shape)

SelfAttention【重点：理解意义 and 实践！】【hard】

在这里插入图片描述

注意点：

理解矩阵乘法的意义，torch.matmul 矩阵乘法
理解各个参数的含义

代码来源：https://github.com/xmu-xiaoma666/External-Attention-pytorch/blob/master/model/attention/SelfAttention.py

import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init



class ScaledDotProductAttention(nn.Module):
    '''
    Scaled dot-product attention
    '''

    def __init__(self, d_model, d_k, d_v, h,dropout=.1):
        '''
        :param d_model: Output dimensionality of the model
        :param d_k: Dimensionality of queries and keys
        :param d_v: Dimensionality of values
        :param h: Number of heads
        '''
        super(ScaledDotProductAttention, self).__init__()
        self.fc_q = nn.Linear(d_model, h * d_k)
        self.fc_k = nn.Linear(d_model, h * d_k)
        self.fc_v = nn.Linear(d_model, h * d_v)
        self.fc_o = nn.Linear(h * d_v, d_model)
        self.dropout=nn.Dropout(dropout)

        self.d_model = d_model
        self.d_k = d_k
        self.d_v = d_v
        self.h = h

        self.init_weights()


    def init_weights(self):
        for m in self.modules():
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out')
                if m.bias is not None:
                    init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm2d):
                init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
                init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                init.normal_(m.weight, std=0.001)
                if m.bias is not None:
                    init.constant_(m.bias, 0)

    def forward(self, queries, keys, values, attention_mask=None, attention_weights=None):
        '''
        Computes
        :param queries: Queries (b_s, nq, d_model)
        :param keys: Keys (b_s, nk, d_model)
        :param values: Values (b_s, nk, d_model)
        :param attention_mask: Mask over attention values (b_s, h, nq, nk). True indicates masking.
        :param attention_weights: Multiplicative weights for attention values (b_s, h, nq, nk).
        :return:
        '''
        b_s, nq = queries.shape[:2]
        nk = keys.shape[1]

        q = self.fc_q(queries).view(b_s, nq, self.h, self.d_k).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)  # (b_s, h, nq, d_k)
        k = self.fc_k(keys).view(b_s, nk, self.h, self.d_k).permute(0, 2, 3, 1)  # (b_s, h, d_k, nk)
        v = self.fc_v(values).view(b_s, nk, self.h, self.d_v).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)  # (b_s, h, nk, d_v)

        att = torch.matmul(q, k) / np.sqrt(self.d_k)  # (b_s, h, nq, nk)
        if attention_weights is not None:
            att = att * attention_weights
        if attention_mask is not None:
            att = att.masked_fill(attention_mask, -np.inf)
        att = torch.softmax(att, -1)
        att=self.dropout(att)

        out = torch.matmul(att, v).permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous().view(b_s, nq, self.h * self.d_v)  # (b_s, nq, h*d_v)
        out = self.fc_o(out)  # (b_s, nq, d_model)
        return out


if __name__ == '__main__':
    input=torch.randn(50,49,512)
    sa = ScaledDotProductAttention(d_model=512, d_k=512, d_v=512, h=8)
    output=sa(input,input,input)
    print(output.shape)