一、Docker Compose简介
当需要在多个容器之间协调和管理应用程序时,Docker Compose是一个非常有用的工具。它允许通过一个配置文件来定义、配置和启动多个 Docker 容器,使得整个应用程序的部署变得更加简单和一致。以下是 Docker Compose 的一些重要概念和用法:
1. Compose 文件
Compose 文件是 Docker Compose 的核心组件,通常命名为 docker-compose.yml。这个文件用于定义应用程序的服务、网络和卷等。它描述了容器之间的关系、容器的配置选项以及如何运行这些容器。Compose 文件使用 YAML 格式,因此它是易读易写的。
2. 服务
Compose 文件中的每个顶级键都代表一个服务。服务定义了应用程序的一个部分,通常对应一个容器。服务包含配置信息,例如使用的 Docker 镜像、容器的端口映射、环境变量、卷挂载等。
version: '3'
services:
web:
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- "8080:80"
volumes:
- ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html
上面的例子定义了一个名为 web 的服务,使用 Nginx 镜像,将主机的 8080 端口映射到容器的 80 端口,并将主机的 ./html 目录挂载到容器的 /usr/share/nginx/html 目录。
3. 网络
Compose 允许你定义自己的网络,以便服务之间可以相互通信。默认情况下,Compose 会为你的应用程序创建一个默认网络,但你也可以自定义网络以更好地满足你的需求。
4. 卷
卷允许在容器之间共享和持久化数据。Compose 允许你将主机的目录或其他容器的卷挂载到你的服务中。
5. 启动和停止服务
使用 docker-compose up 命令可以启动应用程序,而 docker-compose down 命令则会停止并移除相关的容器、网络和卷。
docker-compose up -d # 在后台启动服务
docker-compose down # 停止并移除服务
6. 重启服务
使用 docker-compose restart 命令可以重新启动一个或多个服务。
docker-compose restart [service_name]
使用 Docker Compose,你可以更轻松地定义、配置和管理多个 Docker 容器,为复杂的应用程序提供了一种方便的部署方式。
二、通过Docker Compose部署微服务实战
上传项目
将后端所有服务模块的jar包上传到Linux服务器项目目录下,因为每个服务模块都需要配置个Dockerfile,所以分别建各自的目录,结构如下:
其中,nacos为注册中心和配置中心服务,gateway是网关服务,system为系统服务,business是主要的业务服务,html下放的是前端vue编译后的js、html等文件,nginx.conf是nginx的配置文件。每个目录下都有Dockerfile文件。
nacos配置文件
Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY ./*.jar /app
COPY ./application.yml /app/application.yml
RUN apk update && apk add --no-cache libc6-compat
RUN apk update && apk add --no-cache gcompat
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app/jeecg-cloud-nacos-2.3.5.RELEASE.jar"]
application.yml
server:
servlet:
contextPath: /nacos
tomcat:
accesslog:
enabled: true
pattern: '%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b %D %{User-Agent}i %{Request-Source}i'
basedir: ''
spring:
datasource:
platform: mysql
db:
num: 1
password:
'0': xxxxxxxxxxxx
url:
'0': jdbc:mysql://mysql57:3306/nacos_config?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
user:
'0': root
management:
metrics:
export:
elastic:
enabled: false
influx:
enabled: false
nacos:
core:
auth:
caching:
enabled: true
default:
token:
expire:
seconds: 18000
secret:
key: SecretKey012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
enabled: false
system:
type: nacos
istio:
mcp:
server:
enabled: false
naming:
empty-service:
auto-clean: true
clean:
initial-delay-ms: 50000
period-time-ms: 30000
security:
ignore:
urls: /,/error,/**/*.css,/**/*.js,/**/*.html,/**/*.map,/**/*.svg,/**/*.png,/**/*.ico,/console-ui/public/**,/v1/auth/**,/v1/console/health/**,/actuator/**,/v1/console/server/**
standalone: true
gateway配置文件
Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY ./*.jar /app
COPY ./application.yml /app/application.yml
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app/jeecg-cloud-gateway-3.2.0.jar"]
application.yml
server:
port: 9999
spring:
application:
name: jeecg-gateway
#redis 配置
redis:
database: 0
host: redis-6
lettuce:
pool:
max-active: 8 #最大连接数据库连接数,设 0 为没有限制
max-idle: 8 #最大等待连接中的数量,设 0 为没有限制
max-wait: -1ms #最大建立连接等待时间。如果超过此时间将接到异常。设为-1表示无限制。
min-idle: 0 #最小等待连接中的数量,设 0 为没有限制
shutdown-timeout: 100ms
# password: 123456a?
port: 6379
main:
#循环依赖默认情况下已经被禁止了
allow-circular-references: true
allow-bean-definition-overriding: true
cloud:
nacos:
config:
username: nacos
password: nacos
namespace:
server-addr: nacos:8848
group: DEFAULT_GROUP
file-extension: yaml
prefix: jeecg
discovery:
namespace:
server-addr: nacos:8848
watch:
enabled: false
#Sentinel配置
sentinel:
transport:
dashboard: jeecg-boot-sentinel:9000
# 支持链路限流
web-context-unify: false
filter:
enabled: false
# 取消Sentinel控制台懒加载
eager: false
datasource:
#流控规则
flow: # 指定数据源名称
# 指定nacos数据源
nacos:
server-addr: nacos:8848
# 指定配置文件
dataId: ${spring.application.name}-flow-rules
# 指定分组
groupId: SENTINEL_GROUP
# 指定配置文件规则类型
rule-type: flow
# 指定配置文件数据格式
data-type: json
#降级规则
degrade:
nacos:
server-addr: nacos:8848
dataId: ${spring.application.name}-degrade-rules
groupId: SENTINEL_GROUP
rule-type: degrade
data-type: json
#系统规则
system:
nacos:
server-addr: nacos:8848
dataId: ${spring.application.name}-system-rules
groupId: SENTINEL_GROUP
rule-type: system
data-type: json
#授权规则
authority:
nacos:
server-addr: nacos:8848
dataId: ${spring.application.name}-authority-rules
groupId: SENTINEL_GROUP
rule-type: authority
data-type: json
#热点参数
param-flow:
nacos:
server-addr: nacos:8848
dataId: ${spring.application.name}-param-rules
groupId: SENTINEL_GROUP
rule-type: param-flow
data-type: json
#网关流控规则
gw-flow:
nacos:
server-addr: nacos:8848
dataId: ${spring.application.name}-flow-rules
groupId: SENTINEL_GROUP
rule-type: gw-flow
data-type: json
#API流控规则
gw-api-group:
nacos:
server-addr: nacos:8848
dataId: ${spring.application.name}-api-rules
groupId: SENTINEL_GROUP
rule-type: gw-api-group
data-type: json
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true
globalcors:
add-to-simple-url-handler-mapping: true # 解决options请求被拦截问题
cors-configurations:
'[/**]':
allowCredentials: true
#springboot2.4后需用allowedOriginPatterns
allowedOriginPatterns: "*"
allowedMethods: "*"
allowedHeaders: "*"
system配置文件
Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY ./*.jar /app
COPY ./application.yml /app/application.yml
RUN apk add --update ttf-dejavu fontconfig
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app/jeecg-cloud-system-start-3.2.0.jar"]
application.yml
server:
#微服务端口
port: 7001
spring:
application:
name: jeecg-system
cloud:
nacos:
config:
username: nacos
password: nacos
namespace:
server-addr: nacos:8848
group: DEFAULT_GROUP
file-extension: yaml
prefix: jeecg
discovery:
namespace:
server-addr: nacos:8848
watch:
enabled: false
datasource:
dynamic:
datasource:
master:
url: jdbc:mysql://mysql57:3306/trade-service-platform?rewriteBatchedStatements=true&tinyInt1isBit=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&allowMultiQueries=true
username: root
password: 2020miman2023
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
adms7pro:
url: jdbc:sqlserver://123.51.235.21:1433;DatabaseName=adms7pro
username: JGLog
password: JG5656
driver-class-name: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
#redis 配置
redis:
database: 0
host: redis-6
lettuce:
pool:
max-active: 8 #最大连接数据库连接数,设 0 为没有限制
max-idle: 8 #最大等待连接中的数量,设 0 为没有限制
max-wait: -1ms #最大建立连接等待时间。如果超过此时间将接到异常。设为-1表示无限制。
min-idle: 0 #最小等待连接中的数量,设 0 为没有限制
shutdown-timeout: 100ms
# password: 123456a?
port: 6379
jeecg:
# 签名密钥串(前后端要一致,正式发布请自行修改)
signatureSecret: dd05f1c54d63749eda95f9fa6d49v442a
business配置文件
Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY ./*.jar /app
COPY ./application.yml /app/application.yml
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app/jeecg-module-business-start.jar"]
application.yml
server:
port: 7002
spring:
main:
allow-bean-definition-overriding: true
application:
name: jeecg-business
cloud:
nacos:
config:
username: nacos
password: nacos
namespace:
server-addr: nacos:8848
group: DEFAULT_GROUP
file-extension: yaml
prefix: jeecg
discovery:
namespace:
server-addr: nacos:8848
watch:
enabled: false
datasource:
dynamic:
datasource:
master:
url: jdbc:mysql://mysql57:3306/trade-service-platform?rewriteBatchedStatements=true&tinyInt1isBit=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&allowMultiQueries=true
username: root
password: 2020mima2023
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
adms7pro:
url: jdbc:sqlserver://123.111.111.81:1433;DatabaseName=adms7pro
username: root
password: JGLog11111
driver-class-name: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
#redis 配置
redis:
database: 0
host: redis-6
lettuce:
pool:
max-active: 8 #最大连接数据库连接数,设 0 为没有限制
max-idle: 8 #最大等待连接中的数量,设 0 为没有限制
max-wait: -1ms #最大建立连接等待时间。如果超过此时间将接到异常。设为-1表示无限制。
min-idle: 0 #最小等待连接中的数量,设 0 为没有限制
shutdown-timeout: 100ms
# password: 123456a?
port: 6379
jeecg:
# 签名密钥串(前后端要一致,正式发布请自行修改)
signatureSecret: dd05f1c54d63749eda95f9fa6d49v442a
mybatis-plus:
configuration:
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
将前端打包后的dist内文件放到html中
根目录下放一个nginx配置文件:nginx.conf,ip改为对应的网关容器名gateway
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
underscores_in_headers on;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 3001;
server_name localhost;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
location ^~ /jeecg-boot/ {
proxy_pass http://gateway:9999/;
#proxy_set_header Host 10.10.10.164;
client_max_body_size 100m;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods *;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers *;
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
return 204;
}
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' true;
add_header 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers' 'Content-Length,Content-Range';
}
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.html?s=$1 break;
rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.html?s=$1 last;
break;
}
}
location ^~ /websocket/ {
proxy_pass http://gateway:9999/websocket/;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_connect_timeout 4s;
proxy_send_timeout 12s;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
根目录下新建Docker Compose的配置文件docker-compose.yml
version: "3"
services:
nacos:
container_name: nacos
build:
context: ./nacos
dockerfile: Dockerfile
image: nacos:latest
environment:
- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
volumes:
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro #配置与宿主机时钟一致
- /etc/timezone/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro #配置与宿主机时钟一致
ports:
- 8848:8848
networks:
- jg_network
restart: always
gateway:
container_name: gateway
build:
context: ./gateway
dockerfile: Dockerfile
image: gateway:latest
environment:
- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
volumes:
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro #配置与宿主机时钟一致
- /etc/timezone/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro #配置与宿主机时钟一致
ports:
- 9999:9999
depends_on:
- nacos
networks:
- jg_network
restart: always
system:
container_name: system
build:
context: ./system
dockerfile: Dockerfile
image: system:latest
environment:
- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
volumes:
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro #配置与宿主机时钟一致
- /etc/timezone/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro #配置与宿主机时钟一致
ports:
- 7001:7001
depends_on:
- nacos
networks:
- jg_network
restart: always
business:
container_name: business
build:
context: ./business
dockerfile: Dockerfile
image: business:latest
environment:
- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
volumes:
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro #配置与宿主机时钟一致
- /etc/timezone/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro #配置与宿主机时钟一致
ports:
- 7002:7002
depends_on:
- nacos
networks:
- jg_network
restart: always
#nginx服务
nginx:
image: nginx:1.18.0
container_name: nginx
environment:
- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
ports:
- "3001:3001"
volumes:
- ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html
- ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
restart: always
networks:
- jg_network
networks:
jg_network:
external: true
三、启动容器编排
# 在后台启动服务
docker-compose up -d
# 停止并移除服务
docker-compose down
# 重新构建镜像 --force-rm 删除构建过程中的临时容器。
docker-compose build --force-rm
# 查看实时日志,如system
docker logs -t -f system