PyQt基础_004_ 按钮类控件QPushButton以及自定义按钮控件

Qpushbutton基本操作
1.热键
2.按钮加图标
3.按钮事件等

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *

class Form(QDialog):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Form, self).__init__(parent)
        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.btn1 = QPushButton("Button1")
        self.btn1.setCheckable(True)
        self.btn1.toggle()
        self.btn1.clicked.connect(lambda:self.whichbtn(self.btn1) )
        self.btn1.clicked.connect(self.btnstate)
        layout.addWidget(self.btn1)

        self.btn2 = QPushButton('image')
        self.btn2.setIcon(QIcon(QPixmap(r'./resource/github.png')))
        self.btn2.clicked.connect(lambda:self.whichbtn(self.btn2) )
        layout.addWidget(self.btn2)
        self.setLayout(layout) 

        self.btn3 = QPushButton("Disabled")
        self.btn3.setEnabled(False)
        layout.addWidget(self.btn3)

        self.btn4= QPushButton("&Download")
        self.btn4.setDefault(True)
        self.btn4.clicked.connect(lambda:self.whichbtn(self.btn4))
        layout.addWidget(self.btn4)
        self.setWindowTitle("Button demo")

    def btnstate(self):
        if self.btn1.isChecked():
            print("button pressed" ) 
        else:
            print("button released" ) 

    def whichbtn(self,btn):
        print("clicked button is " + btn.text() ) 

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    btnDemo = Form()
    btnDemo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

追踪按钮事件，按钮被按下，并告知函数哪个按钮被按下了


from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QPushButton , QWidget , QMessageBox, QApplication, QHBoxLayout
import sys 
from functools import partial

class WinForm(QMainWindow): 
    def __init__(self, parent=None): 
        super(WinForm, self).__init__(parent) 
        self.setWindowTitle("信号和槽传递额外参数例子")
        button1 = QPushButton('Button 1') 
        button2 = QPushButton('Button 2') 

        button1.clicked.connect(partial(self.onButtonClick, 1)) 
        button2.clicked.connect(partial(self.onButtonClick, 2))

        layout = QHBoxLayout() 
        layout.addWidget(button1) 
        layout.addWidget(button2) 

        main_frame = QWidget() 
        main_frame.setLayout(layout) 
        self.setCentralWidget(main_frame) 

    def onButtonClick(self, n): 
        print('Button {0} 被按下了'.format(n)) 
        QMessageBox.information(self, "信息提示框", 'Button {0} clicked'.format(n))

if __name__ == "__main__": 
    app = QApplication(sys.argv) 
    form = WinForm()
    form.show() 
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

自定义按钮形状

import sys

from PyQt5.Qt import *

# 1. 创建一个应用程序对象
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

# 2.控件的操作
# 2.1创建控件
window = QWidget()
# 2.2设置控件

window.setWindowTitle("QAbstractButton")
window.resize(500, 500)
window.move(400, 250)

class Btn(QAbstractButton):
    """自定义的按钮控件，体验从按钮抽象基类继承"""

    def paintEvent(self, evt) -> None:
        painter = QPainter(self) # 创建一个画家；告诉画在什么地方
        pen = QPen(QColor(20, 154, 151), 5) # 创建并设置一个笔
        painter.setPen(pen) # 把笔给画家
        painter.drawText(30, 30, self.text()) # 把按钮文字画在按钮上
        painter.drawEllipse(0, 0, 100, 120) # 画个椭圆

btn = Btn(window)
btn.setText("ABC")
btn.resize(110, 150)

btn.clicked.connect(lambda: print("点击了这个按钮")) # 按钮被按下则执行里面的lambda函数（槽函数）

# 2.3展示控件
window.show()

# 3.应用程序的执行， 进入到消息循环
sys.exit(app.exec_())

为按钮添加图标，自动重复等

import sys

from PyQt5.Qt import *

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle("按钮的功能测试")
window.resize(500, 500)
window.move(400, 250)

btn = QPushButton(window)

btn.setText("1")

def plus_one():
    num = str(int(btn.text()) + 1)
    btn.setText(num)

btn.pressed.connect(plus_one)


icon = QIcon("./resource/github.png") # 通过文件路径设置图标
size = QSize(40, 40) # 通过(int, int)设置图标大小
btn.setIcon(icon)
btn.setIconSize(size)

btn.setAutoRepeat(True) # 启动自动重复
btn.setAutoRepeatDelay(1000) # 按住多长时间（毫米）之后才开始自动重复


window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

设置按钮点击的有效区域

import sys

from PyQt5 import QtGui
from PyQt5.Qt import *

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window = QWidget()

window.setWindowTitle("QAbstractButton-点击有效区域")
window.resize(500, 500)
window.move(400, 250)

class Btn(QPushButton):
    """自定义的按钮类，重写hitButton方法来实现自定义按钮点击有效区域功能"""

    def hitButton(self, point) -> bool:
        circle_center_x = self.width() / 2
        circle_center_y = self.height() / 2
        hit_x = point.x()
        hit_y = point.y()
        distance = (
            (hit_x - circle_center_x) ** 2 + (hit_y - circle_center_y) ** 2
        ) ** 0.5
        # print(distance)
        if distance < self.width() / 2:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def paintEvent(self, a0: QtGui.QPaintEvent) -> None:
        """重写父类方法，实现在按钮上画一个圆"""
        super().paintEvent(a0) # 实现父类方法的全部功能
        painter = QPainter(self)
        painter.setPen(QPen(QColor(0, 240, 240), 6))
        painter.drawEllipse(self.rect()) # 在按钮上绘制一个圆

btn = Btn(window)
btn.setText("点击")
btn.resize(200, 200)
btn.move(100, 100)
btn.pressed.connect(lambda: print("按钮被点击了"))

window.show()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

右键菜单

import sys

from PyQt5.Qt import *


class Window(QWidget):
    def contextMenuEvent(self, a0: QContextMenuEvent) -> None:
        # print("展示菜单")
        menu = QMenu(self)
        new_action = QAction(QIcon("./resource/github.png"), "新建", menu)
        new_action.triggered.connect(lambda: print("新建文件"))
        menu.addAction(new_action)
        menu.exec_(a0.globalPos()) # 把位置（全局）传递

# 1. 创建一个应用程序对象
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

# 2.控件的操作
# 2.1创建控件
window = Window()
# 2.2设置控件

window.setWindowTitle("右键菜单")
window.resize(500, 500)
window.move(400, 250)

def show_menu(point):
    """customContextMenuRequested 的槽函数"""
    # print("自定义上下文菜单", point)
    menu = QMenu(window)
    exit_action = QAction(QIcon("./resource/github.png"), "关闭", menu)
    exit_action.triggered.connect(lambda: exit())
    menu.addAction(exit_action)

    # 把相对控件的坐标 point 映射到全局位置
    dest_point = window.mapToGlobal(point)
    menu.exec_(dest_point) # 把位置（全局）传递

window.setContextMenuPolicy(Qt.CustomContextMenu)
window.customContextMenuRequested.connect(show_menu)

# 2.3展示控件
window.show()

# 3.应用程序的执行， 进入到消息循环
sys.exit(app.exec_())

带描述的按钮

import sys

from PyQt5.Qt import *

"""QCommandLinkButton 继承自 QPushButton"""
# 1. 创建一个应用程序对象
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

# 2.控件的操作
# 2.1创建控件
window = QWidget()
# 2.2设置控件

window.setWindowTitle("QCommandLinkButton的使用")
window.resize(500, 500)
window.move(400, 250)

btn = QCommandLinkButton("标题", "描述", window)
btn.setText("标题2")
btn.setDescription("这是描述2")
btn.setIcon(QIcon("./resource/github.png"))

# 2.3展示控件
window.show()

# 3.应用程序的执行， 进入到消息循环
sys.exit(app.exec_())

敞口的综合调整，创建一个无边框、半透明的窗口；自定义关闭、最大化、最小化三个按钮；实现能够点击用户区域拖动窗口

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtGui
from PyQt5.Qt import *
class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.setWindowFlags(Qt.FramelessWindowHint) # 设置了无边框的 Flag
        self.setWindowOpacity(0.85) # 设置不透明度
        self.setWindowTitle("窗口综合案例")
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon("./resource/github.png"))
        self.resize(500, 500)
        self.move(400, 240)
        
        self.top_margin = 1 # 三个按钮距离顶部的距离
        self.btn_w = 32 # 按钮宽度
        self.btn_h = 32 # 按钮高度

        self.setup_ui()

    def setup_ui(self):
        close_btn = QPushButton(self)
        self.close_btn = close_btn # 通过把局部变量存储为对象属性来实现跨方法使用
        close_btn.setIcon(QIcon("./resource/github.png"))
        close_btn.resize(self.btn_w, self.btn_h)

        max_btn = QPushButton(self)
        self.max_btn = max_btn # 通过把局部变量存储为对象属性来实现跨方法使用
        max_btn.setIcon(QIcon("./resource/github.png"))
        max_btn.resize(self.btn_w, self.btn_h)

        mini_btn = QPushButton(self)
        self.mini_btn = mini_btn # 通过把局部变量存储为对象属性来实现跨方法使用
        mini_btn.setIcon(QIcon("./resource/github.png"))
        mini_btn.resize(self.btn_w, self.btn_h)

        # 监听按钮，连接信号与槽
        close_btn.pressed.connect(lambda: self.close())
        mini_btn.pressed.connect(lambda: self.showMinimized())
        
        def max_normal():
            """最大化/恢复 按钮的槽函数"""
            if self.isMaximized():
                max_btn.setIcon(QIcon("./resource/github.png"))
                self.label.setText("Hello World")
                self.label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 30px;")
                self.label.adjustSize()
                self.showNormal()
            else:
                self.label.setText("Life is short, use Python.")
                self.label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 40px;")
                self.label.adjustSize()
                self.showMaximized()
                max_btn.setIcon(QIcon("./resource/github.png"))
        max_btn.pressed.connect(max_normal)
        label = QLabel("Hello World", self)
        self.label = label
        label.setStyleSheet("font-size: 30px;")
        label.adjustSize()
        lab_x = int((self.width() - label.width()) / 2)
        lab_y = int((self.height() - label.height()) / 2)
        label.move(lab_x, lab_y)

    def resizeEvent(self, a0: QtGui.QResizeEvent) -> None:
        """当窗口大小改变时，重新移动三个按钮的位置"""
        self.close_btn.move(self.width() - self.btn_w, self.top_margin)
        self.max_btn.move(self.width() - self.btn_w * 2, self.top_margin)
        self.mini_btn.move(self.width() - self.btn_w * 3, self.top_margin)
        self.label.move(
        int((self.width() - self.label.width()) / 2),
        int((self.height() - self.label.height()) / 2),
        )

    def mousePressEvent(self, evt):
        # print("鼠标按下")
        if evt.button() == Qt.LeftButton: # 仅在鼠标左键按下时可以拖动
            self.move_flag = True # 设置一个标记，确保只有在执行 mousePressEvent 之后才会执行 mouseMoveEvent
            # 确定两个点（鼠标第一次按下的点，窗口当前所在的原始点）
            self.mouse_x = evt.globalX()
            self.mouse_y = evt.globalY()
            # print(self.mouse_x, self.mouse_y)
            self.origen_x = self.x()
            self.origen_y = self.y()
    def mouseMoveEvent(self, evt) -> None:
        if self.move_flag:
            # print(evt.globalX(), evt.globalY())
            # 计算的是移动向量
            move_x = evt.globalX() - self.mouse_x
            move_y = evt.globalY() - self.mouse_y
            dest_x = self.origen_x + move_x
            dest_y = self.origen_y + move_y
            self.move(dest_x, dest_y)
    def mouseReleaseEvent(self, a0: QtGui.QMouseEvent) -> None:
        self.move_flag = False # 鼠标释放后重置标记，避免无法释放拖动
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# window = QWidget(flags=Qt.FramelessWindowHint) # (之前面向过程写法保留的一行）设置了无边框的 Flag
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())