效果图：

代码实现：

html：

<script src="//unpkg.com/vue@2/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="//unpkg.com/element-ui@2.15.14/lib/index.js"></script>
<div id="app" style="width:820px">
<template>
  <el-table
     ref="tableRef"
    :data="tableData"
    border
    style="width: 100%">
    <el-table-column
      fixed
      prop="date"
      label="日期"
      width="150">
    </el-table-column>
    <el-table-column
      prop="name"
      label="姓名"
      width="120">
    </el-table-column>
    <el-table-column
      prop="province"
      label="省份"
      width="120">
    </el-table-column>
    <el-table-column
      prop="city"
      label="市区"
      width="120">
    </el-table-column>
    <el-table-column
      prop="address"
      label="地址"
      width="300">
    </el-table-column>
    <el-table-column
      prop="zip"
      label="邮编"
      width="120">
    </el-table-column>
    <el-table-column
      fixed="right"
      label="操作"
      width="100">
      <template slot-scope="scope">
        <el-button @click="handleClick(scope.row)" type="text" size="small">查看</el-button>
        <el-button type="text" size="small">编辑</el-button>
      </template>
    </el-table-column>
  </el-table>
</template>
</div>

css：

@import url("//unpkg.com/element-ui@2.15.14/lib/theme-chalk/index.css");

js：

var Main = {
    mounted(){
      this.$nextTick(() => {
      const tableEl = this.$refs.tableRef.$el.querySelector('.el-table__body-wrapper')
      tableEl.addEventListener('scroll', ()=>{
        const tableWidth = tableEl.offsetWidth
        const scrollLeft = tableEl.scrollLeft
        const scrollWidth = tableEl.scrollWidth
        if(scrollLeft === 0){
          console.log('已滚动到第一列')
        } else if(Math.round(scrollWidth-tableWidth) === Math.round(scrollLeft)){
          console.log('已滚动到最后一列')
        }
      })
    })
    },
    methods: {
      handleClick(row) {
        console.log(row);
      }
    },

    data() {
      return {
        tableData: [{
          date: '2016-05-02',
          name: '王小虎',
          province: '上海',
          city: '普陀区',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄',
          zip: 200333
        }, {
          date: '2016-05-04',
          name: '王小虎',
          province: '上海',
          city: '普陀区',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1517 弄',
          zip: 200333
        }, {
          date: '2016-05-01',
          name: '王小虎',
          province: '上海',
          city: '普陀区',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1519 弄',
          zip: 200333
        }, {
          date: '2016-05-03',
          name: '王小虎',
          province: '上海',
          city: '普陀区',
          address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1516 弄',
          zip: 200333
        }]
      }
    }
  }
var Ctor = Vue.extend(Main)
new Ctor().$mount('#app')