原文出处：Qt 之 QHeaderView 添加复选框_qtableview添加复选框-CSDN博客 

这哥们只贴了部分代码，我还是把它弄好分享给大家吧

DTableHeaderView.h

#ifndef DTABLEHEADERVIEW_H
#define DTABLEHEADERVIEW_H

#include <QHeaderView>

class DTableHeaderView : public QHeaderView
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    DTableHeaderView(Qt::Orientation orientation, QWidget *parent);

signals:
    void stateChanged(int state);

public slots:
    void setStateChanged(int state);

protected:
    void paintSection(QPainter *painter, const QRect &rect, int logicalIndex) const;
    void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event);
    void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event);
    bool event(QEvent *event);
private:
    bool m_bPressed = false;
    bool m_bChecked = false;
    bool m_bTristate = false;
    bool m_bNoChange = false;
    bool m_bMoving = false;

    const int CHECK_BOX_COLUMN = 0;


};

#endif // DTABLEHEADERVIEW_H

DTableHeaderView.cpp

#include "DTableHeaderView.h"
#include <QPainter>
#include <QCheckBox>
#include <QMouseEvent>


DTableHeaderView::DTableHeaderView(Qt::Orientation orientation, QWidget *parent)
    : QHeaderView(orientation, parent)
{
    // setStretchLastSection(true);
    setHighlightSections(false);
    setMouseTracking(true);

    // 响应鼠标
    setSectionsClickable(true);
}

// 槽函数，用于更新复选框状态
void DTableHeaderView::setStateChanged(int state)
{
    if (state == Qt::PartiallyChecked)
    {
        m_bTristate = true;
        m_bNoChange = true;
    }
    else
    {
        m_bNoChange = false;
    }

    m_bChecked = (state != Qt::Unchecked);
    update();
}

// 绘制复选框
void DTableHeaderView::paintSection(QPainter *painter, const QRect &rect, int logicalIndex) const
{
    painter->save();
    QHeaderView::paintSection(painter, rect, logicalIndex);
    painter->restore();

    if (logicalIndex == CHECK_BOX_COLUMN)
    {
        QStyleOptionButton option;
        option.initFrom(this);

        if (m_bChecked)
            option.state |= QStyle::State_Sunken;

        if (m_bTristate && m_bNoChange)
            option.state |= QStyle::State_NoChange;
        else
            option.state |= m_bChecked ? QStyle::State_On : QStyle::State_Off;
        if (testAttribute(Qt::WA_Hover) && underMouse())
        {
            if (m_bMoving)
                option.state |= QStyle::State_MouseOver;
            else
                option.state &= ~QStyle::State_MouseOver;
        }

        QCheckBox checkBox;
        option.iconSize = QSize(20, 20);
        option.rect = rect;
        style()->drawPrimitive(QStyle::PE_IndicatorCheckBox, &option, painter, &checkBox);
        //style()->drawItemPixmap(painter, rect, Qt::AlignCenter, QPixmap(":/images/checkBoxChecked"));
        //style()->drawControl(QStyle::CE_CheckBox, &option, painter, this);
    }
}

// 鼠标按下表头
void DTableHeaderView::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    int nColumn = logicalIndexAt(event->pos());
    if ((event->buttons() & Qt::LeftButton) && (nColumn == CHECK_BOX_COLUMN))
    {
        m_bPressed = true;
    }
    else
    {
        QHeaderView::mousePressEvent(event);
    }
}

// 鼠标从表头释放，发送信号，更新model数据
void DTableHeaderView::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    if (m_bPressed)
    {
        if (m_bTristate && m_bNoChange)
        {
            m_bChecked = true;
            m_bNoChange = false;
        }
        else
        {
            m_bChecked = !m_bChecked;
        }

        update();

        Qt::CheckState state = m_bChecked ? Qt::Checked : Qt::Unchecked;

        emit stateChanged(state);
    }
    else
    {
        QHeaderView::mouseReleaseEvent(event);
    }

    m_bPressed = false;
}

// 鼠标滑过、离开，更新复选框状态
bool DTableHeaderView::event(QEvent *event)
{
    updateSection(0); // 很关键，不然checkbox刷新有延迟！

    if (event->type() == QEvent::Enter || event->type() == QEvent::Leave)
    {
        QMouseEvent *pEvent = static_cast<QMouseEvent *>(event);
        int nColumn = logicalIndexAt(pEvent->x());
        if (nColumn == CHECK_BOX_COLUMN)
        {
            m_bMoving = (event->type() == QEvent::Enter);

            update();
            return true;
        }
    }

    return QHeaderView::event(event);
}

 MainWindow.cpp

#include "MainWindow.h"
#include "ui_MainWindow.h"
#include "DTableHeaderView.h"
#include <QDebug>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);


    m_pMode = new QStandardItemModel(this);
    ui->tableView->setModel(m_pMode);
    ui->tableView->setSelectionBehavior(QAbstractItemView::SelectRows);
    ui->tableView->setSelectionMode(QAbstractItemView::SingleSelection); //设置选择模式，选择单行
    ui->tableView->verticalHeader()->setVisible(false);
    ui->tableView->horizontalHeader()->setSectionResizeMode(QHeaderView::Stretch); // Qt QTableView数据列宽度自适应, 横向填满表格

    QStringList strHeaders;
    strHeaders.append("");
    strHeaders.append(tr("列2"));
    strHeaders.append(tr("列3"));
    m_pMode->setColumnCount(strHeaders.size());
    m_pMode->setHorizontalHeaderLabels(strHeaders);


    // 创建自定义的表头，并将其设置为表头视图
    DTableHeaderView *header = new DTableHeaderView(Qt::Horizontal, ui->tableView);
    ui->tableView->setHorizontalHeader(header);

    QObject::connect(header, &DTableHeaderView::stateChanged, [=](int checked)
    {
        // 在这里处理复选框状态变化的逻辑
        qDebug() << "CheckBox is" << (checked ? "checked" : "unchecked");
    });


    m_pMode->setRowCount(4);
    for (int row = 0; row < m_pMode->rowCount(); ++row)
    {
        for (int col = 0; col < m_pMode->columnCount(); ++col)
        {
            QModelIndex index = m_pMode->index(row, col);
            m_pMode->setData(index, "Row " + QString::number(row) + ", Column " + QString::number(col));
        }
    }
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}


void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
    ((DTableHeaderView *)ui->tableView->horizontalHeader())->setStateChanged(Qt::PartiallyChecked);
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_2_clicked()
{
    ((DTableHeaderView *)ui->tableView->horizontalHeader())->setStateChanged(Qt::Checked);
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_3_clicked()
{
    ((DTableHeaderView *)ui->tableView->horizontalHeader())->setStateChanged(Qt::Unchecked);
}