表单校验重要性和多规则校验

表单校验分类

校验位置：
客户端校验
服务端校验

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表单校验框架

JSR：java规范提案

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303：提供bean属性相关校验规则

JCP:java社区

Hibernate框架中包含一套独立的校验框架hibernate-validator

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实际的校验规则

同一个字段有多个约束条件
引用类型字段如何校验
根据业务不同需要调查是否参与校验

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addemployee.jsp

<%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8" language="java" contentType="text/html;UTF-8" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>添加员工-用于演示表单验证</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/addemployee" method="post">
    <%--页面使用${}获取后台传递的校验信息--%>
        员工姓名：<input type="text" name="name"><span style="color:red">${name}</span><br/>
        员工年龄：<input type="text" name="age"><span style="color:red">${age}</span><br/>
        <%--注意，引用类型的校验未通过信息不是通过对象进行封装的，直接使用对象名.属性名的格式作为整体属性字符串进行保存的，和使用者的属性传递方式有关，不具有通用性，仅适用于本案例--%>
        省：<input type="text" name="address.provinceName"><span style="color:red">${requestScope['address.provinceName']}</span><br/>

        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8" language="java" contentType="text/html;UTF-8" %>
<h1>数据添加成功</h1>

spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">


    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"/>

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

</beans>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

EmployeeController.java

package com.itheima.controller;

import com.itheima.controller.groups.GroupA;
import com.itheima.domain.Employee;
import javafx.scene.GroupBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class EmployeeController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/addemployee")
    public String addEmployee(@Validated(value = {GroupA.class}) Employee employee, Errors errors, Model model){ ///对他开启校验
        System.out.println(errors.hasErrors());
        if(errors.hasErrors()){
            //获取所有未通过校验规则的信息
            List<FieldError> fieldErrors = errors.getFieldErrors();
            System.out.println(fieldErrors.size());

            for(FieldError error : fieldErrors){
                ///name
                //姓名不能为空
                System.out.println(error.getField());
                System.out.println(error.getDefaultMessage());
                //将校验结果信息添加到Model对象中，用于页面显示，后期实际开发中无需这样设定，返回json数据即可
                model.addAttribute(error.getField(),error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            //当出现未通过校验的字段时，跳转页面到原始页面，进行数据回显
            return "addemployee.jsp";
        }
        return "success.jsp";
    }


    @RequestMapping(value = "/addemployee2")
    public String addEmployee2(@Valid Employee employee,Errors errors, Model model){ ///对他开启校验
        System.out.println(errors.hasErrors());
        if(errors.hasErrors()){
            //获取所有未通过校验规则的信息
            List<FieldError> fieldErrors = errors.getFieldErrors();
            System.out.println(fieldErrors.size());

            for(FieldError error : fieldErrors){
                ///name
                //姓名不能为空
                System.out.println(error.getField());
                System.out.println(error.getDefaultMessage());
                //将校验结果信息添加到Model对象中，用于页面显示，后期实际开发中无需这样设定，返回json数据即可
                model.addAttribute(error.getField(),error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            //当出现未通过校验的字段时，跳转页面到原始页面，进行数据回显
            return "addemployee.jsp";
        }
        return "success.jsp";
    }

}

Address.java

package com.itheima.domain;



import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
//嵌套校验的实体中，对每个属性正常添加校验规则即可
public class Address {
    @NotBlank(message = "请输入省份名称")
    private String provinceName;//省份名称

    @NotBlank(message = "请输入城市名称")
    private String cityName;//城市名称

    @NotBlank(message = "请输入详细地址")
    private String detail;//详细住址

    @NotBlank(message = "请输入邮政编码")
    @Size(max = 6,min = 6,message = "邮政编码由6位组成")
    private String zipCode;//邮政编码

    public String getProvinceName() {
        return provinceName;
    }

    public void setProvinceName(String provinceName) {
        this.provinceName = provinceName;
    }

    public String getCityName() {
        return cityName;
    }

    public void setCityName(String cityName) {
        this.cityName = cityName;
    }

    public String getDetail() {
        return detail;
    }

    public void setDetail(String detail) {
        this.detail = detail;
    }

    public String getZipCode() {
        return zipCode;
    }

    public void setZipCode(String zipCode) {
        this.zipCode = zipCode;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "provinceName='" + provinceName + '\'' +
                ", cityName='" + cityName + '\'' +
                ", detail='" + detail + '\'' +
                ", zipCode='" + zipCode + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Employee.java

package com.itheima.domain;

import com.itheima.controller.groups.GroupA;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;

import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.*;

public class Employee{

    //设定校验器，设置校验不通过对应的消息，设定所参与的校验组
    @NotBlank(message = "姓名不能为空",groups = {GroupA.class})
    private String name;//员工姓名

    @NotNull(message = "请输入您的年龄",groups = {GroupA.class})
    @Max(value = 60,message = "年龄最大值不允许超过60岁")
    @Min(value = 18,message = "年龄最小值不允许低于18岁")
    private Integer age;//员工年龄

    @Valid
    private Address address;

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", address=" + address +
                '}';
    }
}

GroupA.java

package com.itheima.controller.groups;
//用于设定分组校验中的组名，当前接口仅提供字节码，用于识别
public interface GroupA {
}

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pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>springmvc_validator</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc_validator</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!-- servlet3.0规范的坐标 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--jsp坐标-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring的坐标-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--springmvc的坐标-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--导入校验的jsr303规范-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
      <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.1.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--导入校验框架实现技术-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
      <version>6.1.0.Final</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <!--设置插件-->
    <plugins>
      <!--具体的插件配置-->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <port>80</port>
          <path>/</path>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>