1. 引言

1.1 相关介绍

模块名称：Attention-based Intrascale Feature Interaction
论文名称：RT-DETR: DETRs Beat Yolos on Real-time Object Detection
这是论文中的图，此处将其中的AIFI模块拿过来改进YOLOv8。

1.2 其他可改进SPPF模块

1. 如何修改：YOLOv8修改特征金字塔（替换SPPF模块）
2. 或者看此贴：yolov8改进——SFFP特征金字塔池化修改（详细版）
3. 常见特征金字塔模块代码实现：常见特征金字塔模块代码实现

2.改进

2.1 AIFI代码

在YOLOv8新版中，已经集成了这个模块，因此，这里不展示如何放置到yolov8中。

---

如果使用的是老版的YOLOV8代码，nn模块下新建一个AIFI.py即可。
代码如下：

class TransformerEncoderLayer(nn.Module):
    """Defines a single layer of the transformer encoder."""

    def __init__(self, c1, cm=2048, num_heads=8, dropout=0.0, act=nn.GELU(), normalize_before=False):
        """Initialize the TransformerEncoderLayer with specified parameters."""
        super().__init__()
        self.ma = nn.MultiheadAttention(c1, num_heads, dropout=dropout, batch_first=True)
        # Implementation of Feedforward model
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(c1, cm)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(cm, c1)

        self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(c1)
        self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(c1)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
        self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(dropout)
        self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(dropout)

        self.act = act
        self.normalize_before = normalize_before

    @staticmethod
    def with_pos_embed(tensor, pos=None):
        """Add position embeddings to the tensor if provided."""
        return tensor if pos is None else tensor + pos

    def forward_post(self, src, src_mask=None, src_key_padding_mask=None, pos=None):
        """Performs forward pass with post-normalization."""
        q = k = self.with_pos_embed(src, pos)
        src2 = self.ma(q, k, value=src, attn_mask=src_mask, key_padding_mask=src_key_padding_mask)[0]
        src = src + self.dropout1(src2)
        src = self.norm1(src)
        src2 = self.fc2(self.dropout(self.act(self.fc1(src))))
        src = src + self.dropout2(src2)
        return self.norm2(src)

    def forward_pre(self, src, src_mask=None, src_key_padding_mask=None, pos=None):
        """Performs forward pass with pre-normalization."""
        src2 = self.norm1(src)
        q = k = self.with_pos_embed(src2, pos)
        src2 = self.ma(q, k, value=src2, attn_mask=src_mask, key_padding_mask=src_key_padding_mask)[0]
        src = src + self.dropout1(src2)
        src2 = self.norm2(src)
        src2 = self.fc2(self.dropout(self.act(self.fc1(src2))))
        return src + self.dropout2(src2)

    def forward(self, src, src_mask=None, src_key_padding_mask=None, pos=None):
        """Forward propagates the input through the encoder module."""
        if self.normalize_before:
            return self.forward_pre(src, src_mask, src_key_padding_mask, pos)
        return self.forward_post(src, src_mask, src_key_padding_mask, pos)


class AIFI(TransformerEncoderLayer):
    """Defines the AIFI transformer layer."""

    def __init__(self, c1, cm=2048, num_heads=8, dropout=0, act=nn.GELU(), normalize_before=False):
        """Initialize the AIFI instance with specified parameters."""
        super().__init__(c1, cm, num_heads, dropout, act, normalize_before)

    def forward(self, x):
        """Forward pass for the AIFI transformer layer."""
        c, h, w = x.shape[1:]
        pos_embed = self.build_2d_sincos_position_embedding(w, h, c)
        # Flatten [B, C, H, W] to [B, HxW, C]
        x = super().forward(x.flatten(2).permute(0, 2, 1), pos=pos_embed.to(device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype))
        return x.permute(0, 2, 1).view([-1, c, h, w]).contiguous()

    @staticmethod
    def build_2d_sincos_position_embedding(w, h, embed_dim=256, temperature=10000.0):
        """Builds 2D sine-cosine position embedding."""
        grid_w = torch.arange(int(w), dtype=torch.float32)
        grid_h = torch.arange(int(h), dtype=torch.float32)
        grid_w, grid_h = torch.meshgrid(grid_w, grid_h, indexing='ij')
        assert embed_dim % 4 == 0, \
            'Embed dimension must be divisible by 4 for 2D sin-cos position embedding'
        pos_dim = embed_dim // 4
        omega = torch.arange(pos_dim, dtype=torch.float32) / pos_dim
        omega = 1. / (temperature ** omega)

        out_w = grid_w.flatten()[..., None] @ omega[None]
        out_h = grid_h.flatten()[..., None] @ omega[None]

        return torch.cat([torch.sin(out_w), torch.cos(out_w), torch.sin(out_h), torch.cos(out_h)], 1)[None]

2.2 task.py

这里新版YOLOv8也帮我们写好了，因此,不需要改动。

---

如果是老版的代码，在parse_model方法下，找到一堆elif的地方添加以下代码。

        elif m is AIFI:
            args = [ch[f], *args]

老版如下。并没有AIFI的代码。

2.3 模型改进

将yolov8.yaml复制一份，新建yolov8-AIFI.yaml,将SPPF模块替换为AIFI即可,如下。
SPPF那一行修改如下： - [-1, 1, AIFI, [1024, 8]] # 9

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLOv8 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024]  # YOLOv8n summary: 225 layers,  3157200 parameters,  3157184 gradients,   8.9 GFLOPs
  s: [0.33, 0.50, 1024]  # YOLOv8s summary: 225 layers, 11166560 parameters, 11166544 gradients,  28.8 GFLOPs
  m: [0.67, 0.75, 768]   # YOLOv8m summary: 295 layers, 25902640 parameters, 25902624 gradients,  79.3 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512]   # YOLOv8l summary: 365 layers, 43691520 parameters, 43691504 gradients, 165.7 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.25, 512]   # YOLOv8x summary: 365 layers, 68229648 parameters, 68229632 gradients, 258.5 GFLOPs

# YOLOv8.0n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]]  # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]]  # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [128, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]  # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [256, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]  # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]]  # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, AIFI, [1024, 8]]  # 9

# YOLOv8.0n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 12

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [256]]  # 15 (P3/8-small)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 18 (P4/16-medium)

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 9], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P5
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024]]  # 21 (P5/32-large)

  - [[15, 18, 21], 1, Detect, [nc]]  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

3. 运行图

运行效果如下，没有报错。

提醒：这个对torch版本要求比较高！！！