c: two-dimensional array

/**
 * *****************************************************************************
 * @file        twoDimensional.h
 * @brief       二维数组  Pointers and 2-D arrays
 * @author       geovindu,Geovin Du,涂聚文 (geovindu@163.com)
 * ide: vscode c11,c17  windows 10
 * @date        2023-10-30
 * @copyright   geovindu 站在巨人的肩膀上 Standing on the Shoulders of Giants
 * matrix            =>    Points to base address of two-dimensional array.
                           Since array decays to pointer.
 
*(matrix)            =>    Points to first row of two-dimensional array.
*(matrix + 0)        =>    Points to first row of two-dimensional array.
*(matrix + 1)        =>    Points to second row of two-dimensional array.
 
**matrix             =>    Points to matrix[0][0]
*(*(matrix + 0))     =>    Points to matrix[0][0]
*(*(matrix + 0) + 0) =>    Points to matrix[0][0]
*(*matrix + 1)       =>    Points to matrix[0][1]
*(*(matrix + 0) + 1) =>    Points to matrix[0][1]
*(*(matrix + 2) + 2) =>    Points to matrix[2][2]
 * *****************************************************************************
 */
 
#ifndef TWODIMENSIONAL_H_
#define TWODIMENSIONAL_H_
  
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
  
 
#define BUF_LEN 100                    // Length of input buffer
#define COUNT   5                 // Initial number of strings
 /**
 * @brief      输入字符排序
 *
 */
void stringInputSort();
 /**
  * @brief
  *
  * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
  * @return int
  */
 int pointDisplay(const int** arry,int row,int col);
  
 
  /**
  * @brief      
  * @param arry  二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
  * @return int
  */
  int pointDisplay1(const** arry,int row,int col);
 /**
 * @brief  
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
 int pointDisplay0(int arry[10][10],int row,int col);
 
/**
 * @brief  OK
 *
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param intlength 行列共长度
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay2(int arry[10][10],int intlength);
  
  
  
/**
 * @brief
 *
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay3(int** arry,int row,int col);
  
  
/**
 * @brief       Ok
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay4(int** arry,int row,int col);
  
  
/**
 * @brief    OK  
 * @param arry 二维数组
  * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay5(int*** arry,int row,int col);
 
/**
 * @brief   ok   
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay6(int** arry,int row,int col);
 
 
/**
 * @brief 释放所有堆内存     
 * @param ps
 * @param n
 *
 */
void freeMemoryChar(char **ps,size_t n);
 
 
 
/**
 * @brief 释放所有堆内存     
 * @param ps
 * @param n
 *
 */
void freeMemoryInt(int **ps,size_t n);
 
 
 
 
  
#endif

/**
 * *****************************************************************************
 * @file        twoDimensional.c
 * @brief       二维数组  Pointers and 2-D arrays
 * @author      geovindu,Geovin Du,涂聚文 (geovindu@163.com)
 *  ide: vscode c11,c17  windows 10
 * @date        2023-10-30
 * @copyright   geovindu 站在巨人的肩膀上 Standing on the Shoulders of Giants
 * *****************************************************************************
 */
 
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "include/twoDimensional.h"
  
 
 
/**
 * @brief      输入字符排序
 *
 */
void stringInputSort()
{
 
    char buf[BUF_LEN];                  // Input buffer
    size_t str_count = 0;               // Current string count
    size_t capacity = COUNT;            // Current maximum number of strings
    char **pS = calloc(capacity, sizeof(char*));    // Pointers to strings
    char** psTemp = NULL;               // Temporary pointer to pointer to char
    char* pTemp = NULL;                 // Temporary pointer to char
    size_t str_len = 0;                 // Length of a string
    bool sorted = false;                // Indicated when strings are sorted
 
    printf("Enter strings to be sorted, one per line. Press Enter to end:\n");
 
    // Read in all the strings
    char *ptr = NULL;
    while(true)
    {
        ptr = fgets(buf, BUF_LEN, stdin);
        if(!ptr)                          // Check for read error
        {
            printf("Error reading string.\n");
            free(pS);
            pS = NULL;
            return 1;
        }
 
        if(*ptr == '\n') break;           // Empty line check
 
        if(str_count == capacity)
        {
            capacity += capacity/4;          // Increase capacity by 25%
 
            if(!(psTemp = realloc(pS, capacity))) return 1;
 
            pS = psTemp;
        }
        str_len = strnlen(buf, BUF_LEN) + 1;  //strnlen_s
        if(!(pS[str_count] = malloc(str_len))) return 2;
        strcpy_s(pS[str_count++], str_len, buf);
    }
 
    // Sort the strings in ascending order
    while(!sorted)
    {
        sorted = true;
        for(size_t i = 0 ; i < str_count - 1 ; ++i)
        {
            if(strcmp(pS[i], pS[i + 1]) > 0)
            {
                sorted = false;               // We were out of order so...
                pTemp= pS[i];                 // swap pointers pS[i]...
                pS[i] = pS[i + 1];            //       and...
                pS[i + 1]  = pTemp;           //     pS[i + 1]
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Output the sorted strings
    printf("Your input sorted in ascending sequence is:\n\n");
    for(size_t i = 0 ; i < str_count ; ++i)
    {
        printf("%s", pS[i] );
        free(pS[i]);                      // Release memory for the word
        pS[i] = NULL;                     // Reset the pointer
    }
    free(pS);                           // Release the memory for pointers
    pS = NULL;                          // Reset the pointer
 
}
 
 /**
  * @brief  可以
  *
  * @param arry  二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
  * @return int
  */
 int pointDisplay(const** arry,int row,int col)
  {
    //在main 中直接使用可以
    printf("\n6指针遍历二维数组\n");
    int *dup;
    //dup= arry[0];  //*(*(arry + 0));//*(arry + 0);//
    for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) //sizeof(arry) / sizeof(int)
    {
        dup= arry[i];
        for(int j=0;j<col;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",*dup++);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
 }
 
 /**
  * @brief      
  * @param arry  二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
  * @return int
  */
  int pointDisplay1(const** arry,int row,int col)
  {
    //在main 中直接使用可以
    printf("\n7指针遍历二维数组\n");
    int* dup;
    for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) //sizeof(arry) / sizeof(int)
    {
        dup=arry[i];//*arry;// 
        for(int j=0;j<col;j++)
        {
             // printf ("%d \t", *(dup+i));   //printf("\n");    //显示了第一行
              printf ("%d \t", *(dup+j)); 
        }
        //printf("%d ",*dup++);
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
 }
 
 
/**
 * @brief  
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
 int pointDisplay0(int arry[10][10],int row,int col)
 {
 
    printf("\n14指针遍历二维数组\n");
    int *dup;
    dup=&arry[0][0];
    for (int i=0; i<row; i++){
      for (int j=0; j<col; j++){
         printf ("%d \t", *(dup+i*col+j));
      }
      printf("\n");
  
    }
 
    int (*pp)[col]=arry;
    printf("\n1列的首位元素\n");
    for(int k=0;k<row;k++)
    {
          printf(" %d ",*pp[k]); //列的首位元素
    }
    printf("\n");
    printf("\n2第一行的遍历值\n");
    for(int k=0;k<row;k++)
    {
         printf(" %d ",(*pp)[k]); //第一行的遍历值
    }
    printf("\n");
 
 }
/**
 * @brief
 *
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param intlength 行列共长度 row*col
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay2(int arry[10][10],int intlength)
{
  
    printf("\n9 指针遍历二维数组\n");
    //int llen=4*5;
    for(int i=0;i<intlength;++i)
    {
        printf(" %d\t",*(*arry+i));
    }
    printf("\n");
  
}
  
/**
 * @brief   可以
 *
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay3(int** arry,int row,int col)
{
    //在main 中直接使用可以
    printf("\n10 指针遍历二维数组\n");
    int *ddpp;//=*arry;
    for(int i=0;i<row;++i)
    {
        ddpp=*(arry+i);
        for (int j = 0; j < (col-1); j++) {
            printf(" %d ",*(ddpp+j));
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
}
/**
 * @brief       Ok
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay4(int** arry,int row,int col)
{
  
    printf("\n11 指针遍历二维数组\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
            printf("%d ", arry[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
}
/**
 * @brief    ok  
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay6(int** arry,int row,int col)
{
  
    printf("\n13 指针遍历二维数组\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
        //printf("Address of %d th array %u \n",i , *(arry + i));
        for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
            printf("%d ", *( *(arry + i) + j));
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
}
/**
 * @brief    OK  
 * @param arry 二维数组
 * @param row 行长度
 * @param col 列长度
 * @return int
 */
int pointDisplay5(int*** arry,int row,int col)
{
  
    printf("\n12 指针遍历二维数组\n");
    for (int i = 0; i <row; i++) {
 
        for (int j = 0; j <col; j++)
        {
            printf("%d ", *arry[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
}
 
/**
 * @brief  释放所有堆内存    
 * @param ps
 * @param n
 *
 */
void freeMemoryChar(char **ps,size_t n)
{
    for(size_t i=0;i<n;n++)
    {
        free(ps[i]);
        ps[i]=NULL;
    }
    free(ps);
    ps=NULL;
}
 
/**
 * @brief   释放所有堆内存   
 * @param ps
 * @param n
 *
 */
void freeMemoryInt(int **ps,size_t n)
{
    for(size_t i=0;i<n;n++)
    {
        free(ps[i]);
        ps[i]=NULL;
    }
    free(ps);
    ps=NULL;
}

调用：

int main()
{
 
    printf("hello c world \n");
    printf("你好，中国\n");
 
     
   // stringInputSort();
 
    int arrdu[5][4]={
        {10,20,30,40},
        {50,60,70,80},
        {90,100,110,120},
        {130,140,150,160},
        {170,180,190,200}       
    };
    // 4 列
    int dum=4;
    //5 行
    int dun=5;
     
 
     for(int i = 0; i <dun ; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < dum; j++) {
            printf("%d ", arrdu[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n\n");
    for(int i = 0; i <dun ; i++)
    {
        printf("Address of %d th array %u \n",i , *(arrdu + i));
        for(int j = 0; j <dum ; j++)
        {
             printf("arr[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, j, *( *(arrdu + i) + j) );
        }
        printf("\n\n");
    }
 
 
    int* ptr = malloc((dum * dun) * sizeof(int));
    /* Putting 1 to 12 in the 1D array in a sequence */
    for (int i = 0; i < dun * dum; i++)
        ptr[i] = i + 1;
 
     
 
    //int** pe;
    //pe=arrdu;
    /**/
    //分配内存
    int** pe = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int)*dum);
    for(int i=0; i<dun; i++)
    {
        pe[i] = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*dum);
    }
 
    //初始化内存
    //memset(*pe, 0, sizeof(int)*dum*dun);
 
    //2分配内存
    int*** arr2 = malloc(dum * sizeof(int**));
        for (int i = 0; i < dun; i++)
            arr2[i] = malloc(dun * sizeof(int*));
     
    // Initialising each element of the
    // pointer array with the address of
    // element present in the other array
    for (int i = 0; i <dun; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j <dum ; j++) {
                arr2[i][j] = &arrdu[i][j];
            }
    }
    printf("The values are\n");
    for (int i = 0; i <dun ; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j <dum ; j++) {
            printf("%d ", *arr2[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
      
    //strcpy(pe,arrdu);
    for (int i = 0; i <dun ; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j <dum ; j++)
        {
            pe[i][j]= arrdu[i][j];
            //ptr[i][j]=arrdu[i][j];
            //strcpy(pe[i][j],arrdu[i][j]);
            printf("%d\n",arrdu[i][j]);
        }          
 
    }
    printf("PE The values are\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < dun; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j <dum ; j++) {
            printf("%d ", pe[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
 
    pointDisplay0(arrdu,dun,dum); //ok
    pointDisplay4(pe,dun,dum); //ok
    pointDisplay5(arr2,dun,dum); //ok
    pointDisplay6(pe,dun,dum); //ok
    pointDisplay2(arrdu,dum*dun); //ok
    pointDisplay3(pe,dun,dum);
    pointDisplay(pe,dun,dum);  //12
    pointDisplay1(pe,dun,dum);  //12
 
    //释放资源
    free(pe);
    free(arr2);
    pe=NULL;
    arr2=NULL;
    system("pause");// linux 无效 ，只win 下有效
    return 0;
 
}

输出：