scrapy-redis分布式爬虫（分布式爬虫简述+分布式爬虫实战）

news2024/11/22 10:28:10

一、分布式爬虫简述

（一）分布式爬虫优势

1.充分利用多台机器的带宽速度

2.充分利用多台机器的ip地址

（二）Redis数据库

1.Redis是一个高性能的nosql数据库

2.Redis的所有操作都是原子性的

3.Redis的数据类型都是基于基本数据结构，无需额外的抽象

4.Redis五种数据类型：string、hash、list、set、zset(sorted set）

（三）python操作redis数据库

1.终端：pip install redis

2.代码如下

import redis 
db = redis.Redis(host="localhost", port="6379", decode_responses=True)

# 如果用到相同的key值，可以自动修改
db.set("name", "Sam")
db.set("name2", "张三")

print(db.get("name2"))

# 多个值
db.mset({"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"})
print(db.mget("k1","k2","name2"))

# hash
db.hset("hash1","hkey1","hvalue1")
db.hset("hash1","hkey2","hvalue2")
db.hset("hash1","hkey3","hvalue3")

print(db.hget("hash1","hkey2"))
print(db.hgetall("hash1"))

db.lpush("list1",11,22,33)
print(db.llen("list1"))
print(db.lrange("list1",0,-1))

db.sadd("set1", 55, 44 ,77)
print(db.scard("set1"))
print(db.smembers("set1"))

db.zadd("zset1",{"item1":1,"item2":2,"item3":2})
print(db.zcard("zset1"))
print(db.zrange("zset1",0,-1))
print(db.zrange("zset1",0,-1,withscores=True))

（四）Redis数据保存至mongodb数据库

import redis
import pymongo
import json

db_redis = redis.Redis(host="localhost", port="6379", decode_responses=True)

client_mongo = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017")
db_mongo = client_mongo["RedisToMongo"]
col_mongo = db_mongo["C1"]

for i in db_redis.lrange("app:items", 0 -1):
    page = {
        "title":json.loads(i)["title"]
    }
    res = col_mongo.insert_one(page)
    print(res.inserted_id)

二、分布式爬虫实战

实现一个简单的分布式：

1.创建爬虫项目和文件同scrapy一样的步骤

2.修改settings.py文件中的user-agent、robotstxt_obey、log_level、打开注释掉的item_piplines

3.终端安装scrapy-redis:pip install scrapy-redis

4.在app.py文件中修改如下代码：

import scrapy
from ..items import C07L07Item
from scrapy_redis.spiders import RedisSpider

class AppSpider(RedisSpider):
    name = "app"
    redis_key = "app"
    # start_urls = ["http://127.0.0.1:5000/C07L07"]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        domain = kwargs.pop("domain","")
        self.allowed_domains = filter(None, domain.split(","))
        super(AppSpider, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def parse(self, response):
        links = response.xpath('//a/@href').getall()
        for link in links:
            link = "http://127.0.0.1:5000"+link
            yield scrapy.Request(url=link,callback=self.parse_details, dont_filter=True)
    
    def parse_details(self, response):
        item = C07L07Item()
        item["title"] = response.text
        yield item

在items.py文件中修改数据结构

import scrapy

class C07L07Item(scrapy.Item):
    title = scrapy.Field()

在pipelines.py文件中修改代码

from itemdapter import ItemAdapter

class C07L07Pipeline:
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        print(item["title"])
        return item

5.在settings.py文件中添加如下代码，修改ITEM_PIPELINES

DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"
SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"
SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True

REDIS_URL = "redis://127.0.0.1:6379"
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    "C07LO7.pipelines.C07LO7Pipeline":300,
    "scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline":400
}

6.在终端链接redis数据库：redis-cli

lpush app http://127.0.0.1:5000/C07L07

7.运行爬虫代码：scrapy crawl app(可以开多进程）