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👉实践过程
😜解决
今天突然收到一个异常的崩溃信息:
解决方案其实很简单:
- Fragemnt需要一个无参的构造参数,且是public类型的
- 多人合作开发项目要注意这个构造参数是不是 public 类型
😜结论
总结一句话就是:这个错误原因是 Fragment 的有参构造函数上。当 Fragment 因为某种原因(如横竖屏切换)重新创建时,会调用到onCreate方法传入之前保存的状态,在instantiate方法中通过反射无参构造函数创建一个Fragment,并且为Arguments初始化为原来保存的值,而此时如果没有无参构造函数就会抛出异常,造成程序崩溃。
所以我们强烈推荐使用setArguments和getArguments进行存取参数。
😜原因
知道怎么解决我们就看看出现这个问题的原因是什么:
我们先来看一下Fragment的构造函数:
/**
* Default constructor. <strong>Every</strong> fragment must have an
* empty constructor, so it can be instantiated when restoring its
* activity's state. It is strongly recommended that subclasses do not
* have other constructors with parameters, since these constructors
* will not be called when the fragment is re-instantiated; instead,
* arguments can be supplied by the caller with {@link #setArguments}
* and later retrieved by the Fragment with {@link #getArguments}.
*
* <p>Applications should generally not implement a constructor. Prefer
* {@link #onAttach(Context)} instead. It is the first place application code can run where
* the fragment is ready to be used - the point where the fragment is actually associated with
* its context. Some applications may also want to implement {@link #onInflate} to retrieve
* attributes from a layout resource, although note this happens when the fragment is attached.
*/
public Fragment() {
}
注释说明:
默认构造器。
每一个Fragment必须有一个无参的构造函数,以便当Activity恢复状态时fragment可以实例化。
强烈建议fragment的子类不要有其他的有参构造函数,因为当fragment重新实例化时不会调用这些有参构造函数;
如果要传值应该使用setArguments方法,在需要获取这些值时调用getArguments方法。
注释力明确说明了使用有参构造函数会出问题,建议使用无参构造函数,但是并没有告诉我们具体是哪里的问题。我们在Fragment中直接Ctrl + F 搜索 Unable to instantiate fragment,发现抛出异常的地方反射无参构造方法,在instantiate方法中抛出的。
public static Fragment instantiate(Context context, String fname, @Nullable Bundle args) {
try {
Class<?> clazz = sClassMap.get(fname);
if (clazz == null) {
// Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
clazz = context.getClassLoader().loadClass(fname);
sClassMap.put(fname, clazz);
}
Fragment f = (Fragment) clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
if (args != null) {
args.setClassLoader(f.getClass().getClassLoader());
f.setArguments(args);
}
return f;
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
+ ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"
+ " empty constructor that is public", e);
} catch (java.lang.InstantiationException e) {
throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
+ ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"
+ " empty constructor that is public", e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
+ ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"
+ " empty constructor that is public", e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
+ ": could not find Fragment constructor", e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
+ ": calling Fragment constructor caused an exception", e);
}
}
仔细看代码分析分析,Fragment 实例化通过调用类对象的getConstructor()方法获取构造器对象并调用了newInstance()方法创建对象。此时还会将args参数设置给Fragment。具体报错的地方我们是找到了,但是这个方法是在哪里调用触发的呢?在Fragment没有找到调用的地方,由于Fragment是由FragmentManager管理的,在该类发现是在restoreAllState方法中调用的。
void restoreAllState(Parcelable state, FragmentManagerNonConfig nonConfig) {
// Build the full list of active fragments, instantiating them from
// their saved state.
mActive = new SparseArray<>(fms.mActive.length);
for (int i=0; i<fms.mActive.length; i++) {
FragmentState fs = fms.mActive[i];
if (fs != null) {
FragmentManagerNonConfig childNonConfig = null;
if (childNonConfigs != null && i < childNonConfigs.size()) {
childNonConfig = childNonConfigs.get(i);
}
ViewModelStore viewModelStore = null;
if (viewModelStores != null && i < viewModelStores.size()) {
viewModelStore = viewModelStores.get(i);
}
Fragment f = fs.instantiate(mHost, mContainer, mParent, childNonConfig,
viewModelStore);
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: active #" + i + ": " + f);
mActive.put(f.mIndex, f);
// Now that the fragment is instantiated (or came from being
// retained above), clear mInstance in case we end up re-restoring
// from this FragmentState again.
fs.mInstance = null;
}
}
...
}
这方法名意为恢复所有的状态,而其中注释为创建激活Fragment的列表,并将他们从保存的状态中实例化。这个方法应该是Fragment重新实例化时调用的方法。
至此我们就知道什么原因了。
👉其他
📢作者:小空和小芝中的小空
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