一、添加依赖
在pom文件中添加spring data jpa依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>3.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>6.3.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
<artifactId>derby</artifactId>
<version>10.14.2.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
这里使用的是spring data jpa的3.1.4版本,另外引入了hibernate、derby、junit等包
二、创建实体
在src/test/java的cn.horse.chapter02.entity包下创建User实体类
package cn.horse.chapter02.entity;
import jakarta.persistence.*;
@Entity(name = "T_USER")
public class User {
@Id
private Integer id;
private String username;
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
}
@Entity:实体表映射,name用于指定表名称
@Id:指定主键
三、创建持久化类
在src/test/java的cn.horse.chapter02.repository包下创建UserRepository持久化类
package cn.horse.chapter02.repository;
import cn.horse.chapter02.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, String> {
}
UserRepository继承CrudRepository类,这样UserRepository类将可以使用父类中提供的CRUD方法;另外继承CrudRepository类需要指定泛型,第一个泛型类型是持久化实体类型,第二个泛型类型是持久化主键类型
四、应用配置
在src/test/java的cn.horse.chapter01.config包下创建ApplicationConfig配置类
package cn.horse.chapter02.config;
import jakarta.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AvailableSettings;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Properties;
@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "cn.horse.chapter02.repository")
@EnableTransactionManagement
class ApplicationConfig {
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
DriverManagerDataSource driverManagerDataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
driverManagerDataSource.setDriverClassName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
driverManagerDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:derby:demo;create=true");
driverManagerDataSource.setUsername("");
driverManagerDataSource.setPassword("");
return driverManagerDataSource;
}
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {
HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
vendorAdapter.setGenerateDdl(false);
vendorAdapter.setShowSql(true);
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
factory.setPackagesToScan("cn.horse.chapter02.entity");
factory.setDataSource(dataSource());
Properties jpaProperties = new Properties();
jpaProperties.put(AvailableSettings.HBM2DDL_AUTO, "create");
factory.setJpaProperties(jpaProperties);
return factory;
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
JpaTransactionManager txManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
txManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory);
return txManager;
}
}
@EnableJpaRepositories:配置可用持久化类,另外我们还配置了持久化类扫描的包路径(cn.horse.chapter01.repository)
@EnableTransactionManagement:配置可用事务管理
另外还将数据源(DataSource)、实体管理工厂(EntityManagerFactory)、Jpa事务管理(PlatformTransactionManager)实例注册到Spring容器中。
其中实体管理工厂(EntityManagerFactory)实例的创建由LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean对象完成,LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean对象创建的过程中设置了实体类扫描的包路径(cn.horse.chapter01.entity),属性中还设置了DDL方式(create),此方式会先删除表后再创建新表。
五、单元测试类
在src/test/java的cn.horse.chapter01包下创建SpringDataJpaTest测试类
package cn.horse.chapter02;
import cn.horse.chapter02.entity.User;
import cn.horse.chapter02.repository.UserRepository;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class SpringDataJpaTest {
static final ApplicationContext applicationContext;
static final UserRepository userRepository;
static {
applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("cn.horse.chapter02.config");
userRepository = applicationContext.getBean(UserRepository.class);
}
@Test
public void testInsert() {
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("张三");
User saveUser = userRepository.save(user);
Assert.assertNotNull(saveUser.getId());
Assert.assertEquals(saveUser.getId(), user.getId());
Assert.assertEquals(user.getUsername(), saveUser.getUsername());
}
}
六、ID生成策略
1、AUTO
修改User实体类中的属性id
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Integer id;
执行单元测试:
可以看到创建了T_USER_SEQ序列、T_USER表;
AUTO生成策略是默认的生成策略,在没有设置strategy时使用的就是AUTO生成策略
2、TABLE
修改User实体类中的属性id
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE)
private Integer id;
执行单元测试:
可以看到创建了hibernate_sequences表、T_USER表;并且初始化了hibernate_sequences表中的默认数据;
3、SEQUENCE
修改User实体类中的属性id
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE)
private Integer id;
执行单元测试:
可以看到创建了T_USER_SEQ序列、T_USER表;
4、IDENTITY
修改User实体类中的属性id
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
执行单元测试:
可以看到在创建T_USER表时,id字段自动生成;
5、UUID
修改User实体类中的属性id
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.UUID)
private String id;
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
执行单元测试:
UUID生成策略生成的值是String类型,这里我们修改了id字段的类型。
七、自定义ID生成策略
1、定义ID生成器
在src/test/java的cn.horse.chapter02.entity包下创建TimestampIdentifierGenerator类(需要实现IdentifierGenerator接口)
public class TimestampIdentifierGenerator implements IdentifierGenerator {
@Override
public Long generate(SharedSessionContractImplementor session, Object object) {
return System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}
2、修改实体类
修改User实体类中的属性id
@Id
@GenericGenerator(name = "timestampGenerator", type = TimestampIdentifierGenerator.class)
@GeneratedValue(generator = "timestampGenerator")
private Long id;
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
需要注意的是属性id的类型需要与ID生成器生成的ID类型一致
3、单元测试
执行单元测试:
单元测试执行通过