1. 公众号开启并配置
2. Java代码实现
1. 验证加密工具类
package cn.com.baidu.wxopen.util.wx;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* 验证工具类
* 2023年10月12日09:47:04
* CBC
*/
public class WxSignUtil {
/**
* 校验签名
* @param token 公众号定义的token
* @param signature 签名
* @param timestamp 时间戳
* @param nonce 随机数
* @return 布尔值
*/
public static boolean checkSignature(String token, String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {
String checktext = null;
if (null != signature) {
// 对ToKen,timestamp,nonce 按字典排序
String[] paramArr = new String[]{token, timestamp, nonce};
Arrays.sort(paramArr);
// 将排序后的结果拼成一个字符串
String content = paramArr[0].concat(paramArr[1]).concat(paramArr[2]);
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
// 对接后的字符串进行sha1加密
byte[] digest = md.digest(content.getBytes());
checktext = byteToStr(digest);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 将加密后的字符串与signature进行对比
return checktext != null && checktext.equals(signature.toUpperCase());
}
/**
* 将字节数组转化为16进制字符串
*
* @param byteArrays 字符数组
* @return 字符串
*/
private static String byteToStr(byte[] byteArrays) {
String str = "";
for (int i = 0; i < byteArrays.length; i++) {
str += byteToHexStr(byteArrays[i]);
}
return str;
}
/**
* 将字节转化为十六进制字符串
*
* @param myByte 字节
* @return 字符串
*/
private static String byteToHexStr(byte myByte) {
char[] Digit = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
char[] tampArr = new char[2];
tampArr[0] = Digit[(myByte >>> 4) & 0X0F];
tampArr[1] = Digit[myByte & 0X0F];
String str = new String(tampArr);
return str;
}
}
/**
* 对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密示例代码.
*
* @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc.
*/
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* 针对org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64,
* 需要导入架包commons-codec-1.9(或commons-codec-1.8等其他版本)
* 官方下载地址:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/download_codec.cgi
*/
package cn.com.baidu.wxopen.util.wx;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* 提供接收和推送给公众平台消息的加解密接口(UTF8编码的字符串).
* <ol>
* <li>第三方回复加密消息给公众平台</li>
* <li>第三方收到公众平台发送的消息,验证消息的安全性,并对消息进行解密。</li>
* </ol>
* 说明:异常java.security.InvalidKeyException:illegal Key Size的解决方案
* <ol>
* <li>在官方网站下载JCE无限制权限策略文件(JDK7的下载地址:
* http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html</li>
* <li>下载后解压,可以看到local_policy.jar和US_export_policy.jar以及readme.txt</li>
* <li>如果安装了JRE,将两个jar文件放到%JRE_HOME%\lib\security目录下覆盖原来的文件</li>
* <li>如果安装了JDK,将两个jar文件放到%JDK_HOME%\jre\lib\security目录下覆盖原来文件</li>
* </ol>
*/
public class WXBizMsgCrypt {
static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8");
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
byte[] aesKey;
String token;
String appId;
/**
* 构造函数
* @param token 公众平台上,开发者设置的token
* @param encodingAesKey 公众平台上,开发者设置的EncodingAESKey
* @param appId 公众平台appid
*
* @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public WXBizMsgCrypt(String token, String encodingAesKey, String appId) throws AesException {
if (encodingAesKey.length() != 43) {
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalAesKey);
}
this.token = token;
this.appId = appId;
aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + "=");
}
// 生成4个字节的网络字节序
byte[] getNetworkBytesOrder(int sourceNumber) {
byte[] orderBytes = new byte[4];
orderBytes[3] = (byte) (sourceNumber & 0xFF);
orderBytes[2] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 8 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[1] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 16 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[0] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 24 & 0xFF);
return orderBytes;
}
// 还原4个字节的网络字节序
int recoverNetworkBytesOrder(byte[] orderBytes) {
int sourceNumber = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
sourceNumber <<= 8;
sourceNumber |= orderBytes[i] & 0xff;
}
return sourceNumber;
}
// 随机生成16位字符串
String getRandomStr() {
String base = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random random = new Random();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
int number = random.nextInt(base.length());
sb.append(base.charAt(number));
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* 对明文进行加密.
*
* @param text 需要加密的明文
* @return 加密后base64编码的字符串
* @throws AesException aes加密失败
*/
String encrypt(String randomStr, String text) throws AesException {
ByteGroup byteCollector = new ByteGroup();
byte[] randomStrBytes = randomStr.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] networkBytesOrder = getNetworkBytesOrder(textBytes.length);
byte[] appidBytes = appId.getBytes(CHARSET);
// randomStr + networkBytesOrder + text + appid
byteCollector.addBytes(randomStrBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(networkBytesOrder);
byteCollector.addBytes(textBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(appidBytes);
// ... + pad: 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充
byte[] padBytes = PKCS7Encoder.encode(byteCollector.size());
byteCollector.addBytes(padBytes);
// 获得最终的字节流, 未加密
byte[] unencrypted = byteCollector.toBytes();
try {
// 设置加密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(aesKey, 0, 16);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv);
// 加密
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(unencrypted);
// 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码
String base64Encrypted = base64.encodeToString(encrypted);
return base64Encrypted;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.EncryptAESError);
}
}
/**
* 对密文进行解密.
*
* @param text 需要解密的密文
* @return 解密得到的明文
* @throws AesException aes解密失败
*/
String decrypt(String text) throws AesException {
byte[] original;
try {
// 设置解密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec key_spec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(aesKey, 0, 16));
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key_spec, iv);
// 使用BASE64对密文进行解码
byte[] encrypted = Base64.decodeBase64(text);
// 解密
original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.DecryptAESError);
}
String xmlContent, from_appid;
try {
// 去除补位字符
byte[] bytes = PKCS7Encoder.decode(original);
// 分离16位随机字符串,网络字节序和AppId
byte[] networkOrder = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 16, 20);
int xmlLength = recoverNetworkBytesOrder(networkOrder);
xmlContent = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20, 20 + xmlLength), CHARSET);
from_appid = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20 + xmlLength, bytes.length),
CHARSET);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalBuffer);
}
// appid不相同的情况
if (!from_appid.equals(appId)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateAppidError);
}
return xmlContent;
}
/**
* 将公众平台回复用户的消息加密打包.
* <ol>
* <li>对要发送的消息进行AES-CBC加密</li>
* <li>生成安全签名</li>
* <li>将消息密文和安全签名打包成xml格式</li>
* </ol>
*
* @param replyMsg 公众平台待回复用户的消息,xml格式的字符串
* @param timeStamp 时间戳,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的nonce
*
* @return 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文,包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串
* @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String encryptMsg(String replyMsg, String timeStamp, String nonce) throws AesException {
// 加密
String encrypt = encrypt(getRandomStr(), replyMsg);
// 生成安全签名
if (timeStamp == "") {
timeStamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt);
// System.out.println("发送给平台的签名是: " + signature[1].toString());
// 生成发送的xml
String result = XMLParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timeStamp, nonce);
return result;
}
/**
* 检验消息的真实性,并且获取解密后的明文.
* <ol>
* <li>利用收到的密文生成安全签名,进行签名验证</li>
* <li>若验证通过,则提取xml中的加密消息</li>
* <li>对消息进行解密</li>
* </ol>
*
* @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature
* @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce
* @param postData 密文,对应POST请求的数据
*
* @return 解密后的原文
* @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String decryptMsg(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String postData)
throws AesException {
// 密钥,公众账号的app secret
// 提取密文
Object[] encrypt = XMLParse.extract(postData);
// 验证安全签名
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt[1].toString());
// 和URL中的签名比较是否相等
// System.out.println("第三方收到URL中的签名:" + msg_sign);
// System.out.println("第三方校验签名:" + signature);
if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
}
// 解密
String result = decrypt(encrypt[1].toString());
return result;
}
/**
* 验证URL
* @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature
* @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce
* @param echoStr 随机串,对应URL参数的echostr
*
* @return 解密之后的echostr
* @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String verifyUrl(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String echoStr)
throws AesException {
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, echoStr);
if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) {
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
}
String result = decrypt(echoStr);
return result;
}
}
2. 启用时的验证接口
/**
* 公共户服务器配置在点击启用后会请求该验证接口
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
@GetMapping("auth" + ISystemConstant.RELEASE_SUFFIX )
public void authGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(request.getParameter("signature"))) {
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
if (WxSignUtil.checkSignature('你的Token', signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
response.getOutputStream().println(echostr);
}
}
}
3. 公众号事件触发接口
/**
* 公众号事件触发接口
* 消息封装参考官方文档 https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message_Management/Receiving_standard_messages.html
* @param request
* @param response
* @param pw
* @throws Exception
*/
@PostMapping("auth" + ISystemConstant.RELEASE_SUFFIX )
public void authPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, PrintWriter pw) throws Exception{
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt("你的Token", "你的AesKey", "你的AppId");
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
String msgSignature = request.getParameter("msg_signature");
Document doc = getDocument(request);
String result2 = pc.decryptMsg(msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, doc.asXML());
Map<String, String> map = docToMap(DocumentHelper.parseText(result2));
System.out.println("解密后明文: " + map);
String messageType = map.get("MsgType"); //这个值如果是event表示是事件推送
if(Objects.equals("event", messageType)) {
String event = map.get("Event"); //这个是事件的具体类型
if(Objects.equals(event, "subscribe")) { //公众号订阅
String eventKey = map.get("EventKey"); //如果是扫码关注,同时二维码有参数,会有这个值,qrscene_开头
String qrCodeParams = null;
if(eventKey != null && eventKey.length() > 0) {
System.out.println("二维码参数:" + eventKey.replaceFirst("qrscene_", ""));
qrCodeParams = eventKey.replaceFirst("qrscene_", "");
}
String message = "欢迎您的关注";
String openId = map.get("FromUserName");
String result = "<xml>" + "<ToUserName><![CDATA[" + map.get("FromUserName") + "]]></ToUserName>"
+ "<FromUserName><![CDATA[" + map.get("ToUserName") + "]]></FromUserName>" + "<CreateTime>"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() + "</CreateTime>" + "<MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>"
+ "<Content><![CDATA[" + message + "]]></Content></xml>";
result = pc.encryptMsg(result, timestamp, nonce);
pw.write(result);
// 如果是扫码登录,可以根据携带的参数与openId自己再做一些业务处理
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(qrCodeParams)) {
}
}
if(Objects.equals(event, "unsubscribe")) { //公众号订取消阅
String openId = map.get("FromUserName");
System.out.println(openId + "取消了订阅");
pw.write(nonce);
}
if(Objects.equals(event, "SCAN")) { //已关注的用户扫码
String eventKey = map.get("EventKey"); //qrscene_开头
String qrCodeParams = null;
if(eventKey != null && eventKey.length() > 0) {
System.out.println("二维码参数:" + eventKey.replaceFirst("qrscene_", ""));
qrCodeParams = eventKey.replaceFirst("qrscene_", "");
}
pw.write("");
// 如果是扫码登录,可以根据携带的参数与openId自己再做一些业务处理
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(qrCodeParams)) {
}
}
if(Objects.equals(event, "LOCATION")) { //上报地理位置事件
String latitude = map.get("Latitude"); //纬度
String longitude = map.get("Longitude"); //经度
String precision = map.get("Precision"); //定位精度
System.out.println(openId + "上报了位置:" + latitude + "," + longitude + "," + precision);
pw.write("");
}
}else {
String msgType = map.get("MsgType"); //消息类型
if(msgType != null && msgType.equals("text")) { //文本内容
String content = map.get("Content");
// 自己定义 根据用户发送内容回复不同信息的对象
WxopenKeywordsDTO keywordsDTO = iWxopenKeywordsService.getQuery(content);
String result = null;
if(keywordsDTO != null) {
if (keywordsDTO.getKeywordsResultType().equals("1")) {// getKeywordsResultType为我自己定义的类型1=回复文本,2=图片,6=图文
result = getXmlReturnMsg(map.get("FromUserName"), map.get("ToUserName"), keywordsDTO.getKeywordsResult());
}
if (keywordsDTO.getKeywordsResultType().equals("2")) {
result = getXmlReturnImageMsg(map.get("FromUserName"), map.get("ToUserName"), keywordsDTO.getKeywordsResultMediaId());
}
if (keywordsDTO.getKeywordsResultType().equals("6")) {
result = getXmlReturnImageMsg(map.get("FromUserName"), map.get("ToUserName"), keywordsDTO.getKeywordsTitle(), keywordsDTO.getKeywordsResult(), keywordsDTO.getKeywordsResultMediaUrl(), keywordsDTO.getKeywordsResultUrl());
}
}
if(result != null) {
result = pc.encryptMsg(result, timestamp, nonce);
response.setHeader("Content-type", "application/xml");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.getWriter().write(result);
}
}
}
}
/**
* 构建普通消息
* @param toUser 接收方账号(openId)
* @param fromUser 开发者账号
* @param content 内容
* @return 回复消息
*/
public String getXmlReturnMsg(String toUser, String fromUser, String content) {
return "<xml>\n" +
" <ToUserName><![CDATA["+toUser+"]]></ToUserName>\n" +
" <FromUserName><![CDATA["+fromUser+"]]></FromUserName>\n" +
" <CreateTime>"+System.currentTimeMillis()+"</CreateTime>\n" +
" <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>\n" +
" <Content><![CDATA["+content+"]]></Content>\n" +
"</xml>";
}
/**
* 构建图文消息
* @param toUser 接收方账号(openId)
* @param fromUser 开发者账号
* @param mediaId 图片
* @return 回复消息
*/
public String getXmlReturnImageMsg(String toUser, String fromUser, String title, String content, String mediaId, String url) {
return "<xml>\n" +
" <ToUserName><![CDATA["+toUser+"]]></ToUserName>\n" +
" <FromUserName><![CDATA["+fromUser+"]]></FromUserName>\n" +
" <CreateTime>"+System.currentTimeMillis()+"</CreateTime>\n" +
" <MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType>\n" +
" <ArticleCount>1</ArticleCount>\n" +
" <Articles>\n" +
" <item>\n" +
" <Title><![CDATA[" + title + "]]></Title>\n" +
" <Description><![CDATA[" + content + "]]></Description>\n" +
" <PicUrl><![CDATA[" + mediaId + "]]></PicUrl>\n" +
" <Url><![CDATA[" + url + "]]></Url>\n" +
" </item>\n" +
" </Articles>"+
"</xml>";
}
/**
* 构建图片消息
* @param toUser 接收方账号(openId)
* @param fromUser 开发者账号
* @param mediaId 图片
* @return 回复消息
*/
public String getXmlReturnImageMsg(String toUser, String fromUser, String mediaId) {
return "<xml>\n" +
" <ToUserName><![CDATA["+toUser+"]]></ToUserName>\n" +
" <FromUserName><![CDATA["+fromUser+"]]></FromUserName>\n" +
" <CreateTime>"+System.currentTimeMillis()+"</CreateTime>\n" +
" <MsgType><![CDATA[image]]></MsgType>\n" +
" <Image>\n" +
" <MediaId><![CDATA[" + mediaId + "]]></MediaId>\n" +
" </Image>\n" +
"</xml>";
}
public static Map<String, String> docToMap(Document doc) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<Element> list = root.elements();
for (Element element : list) {
map.put(element.getName(), element.getText());
}
return map;
}
public static Document getDocument(HttpServletRequest request) {
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
try {
InputStream ins = request.getInputStream();
Document doc = reader.read(ins);
return doc;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}