原型模式(Prototype)用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。原型模式其实就是从一个对象再创建另外一个可定制的对象,而且不需知道任何创建的细节 。
原型类 Prototype:
abstract class Prototype
{
private string id;
public Prototype(string id)
{
this.id = id;
}
public string Id
{
get { return id; }
}
//抽象类关键有这样一个Clone方法
public abstract Prototype Clone();
}
ConcretePrototypel类,具体原型
class ConcretePrototypel : Prototype
{
public ConcretePrototypel(string id) : base(id) { }
public override Prototype Clone()
{
//创建一个新对象,然后将当前对象非静态字段复制到该新对象
//如果字段是值类型,则逐位复制字段,引用类型只复制引用地址
return (Prototype)this.MemberwiseClone();
}
}
客户端:
class Main : MonoBehaviour
{
private void Start()
{
ConcretePrototypel pl = new ConcretePrototypel("I");
ConcretePrototypel cl = (ConcretePrototypel)pl.Clone();
Debug.Log("clone" + cl.Id);
}
}
由于克隆实在太常用,.Net在System命名空间提供了IClone接口,唯一的Clone()方法,只要实现这个接口就可以完成原型模式了。
简历类:
class Resume : ICloneable
{
private string name;
private string sex;
private string age;
private string timearea;
private string company;
public Resume(string name)
{
this.name = name;
}
//设置个人信息
public void SetPersonalInfo(string sex,string age)
{
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
}
//设置工作经历
public void SetWorkExperrience(string timeArea,string company)
{
this.timearea = timeArea;
this.company = company;
}
//显示
public void Display()
{
//实现接口方法,克隆对象
Debug.Log(name + " " + sex + " " + age);
Debug.Log(timearea + " " + company);
}
public object Clone()
{
return (object)this.MemberwiseClone();
}
}
客户端:
class Main : MonoBehaviour
{
private void Start()
{
Resume a = new Resume("DJ");
a.SetPersonalInfo("男", "22");
a.SetWorkExperrience("1995-2022", "DJDJ");
//调用克隆方法就可以实现新简历,并且可以修改新简历细节
Resume b = (Resume)a.Clone();
b.SetPersonalInfo("nv", "20");
Resume c = (Resume)a.Clone();
c.SetWorkExperrience("1999-2222", "JJJJ");
a.Display();
b.Display();
c.Display();
}
}
输出结果:
现实设计当中,一般会再有一个“工作经历”类,当中有“时间区间”和“公司名称”等属性,“简历”类直接调用。
class Resume : ICloneable
{
private string name;
private string sex;
private string age;
private WorkExperience work;///引用“工作经历”对象
public Resume(string name)
{
this.name = name;
work = new WorkExperience();//简历实例化同时实例化工作经历
}
public void SetPersonalInfo(string sex,string age)
{
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
}
public void SetWorkExperrience(string workDate,string company)
{
work.WorkDate = workDate;//调用方法,给对象赋值
work.Company = company;
}
public void Display()
{
Debug.Log(name + " " + sex + " " + age);
Debug.Log(work.WorkDate + " " + work.Company);//显示工作经历属性值
}
public object Clone()
{
return (object)this.MemberwiseClone();
}
}
class WorkExperience
{
private string workDate;
public string WorkDate
{
get { return workDate; }
set { workDate = value; }
}
private string company;
public string Company
{
get { return company; }
set { company = value; }
}
}
使用之前的客户端逻辑,运行后结果:
对于引用类型,克隆后没有实现真正的克隆,而是只克隆了引用地址,这叫做“浅复制”,被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值;而所有的对其他对象的引用都仍然指向原来的对象。
深复制把引用对象的变量指向复制过的新对象,而不是原有的被引用的对象。
深复制流程:
首先修改WorkExperience类,增加克隆方法
class WorkExperience
{
private string workDate;
public string WorkDate
{
get { return workDate; }
set { workDate = value; }
}
private string company;
public string Company
{
get { return company; }
set { company = value; }
}
public object Clone()
{
//工作经历类也实现克隆方法
return (object)MemberwiseClone();
}
}
然后修改简历类,新增构造函数,方便克隆工作经历类,再修改简历类的克隆方法
class Resume : ICloneable
{
private string name;
private string sex;
private string age;
private WorkExperience work;
public Resume(string name)
{
this.name = name;
work = new WorkExperience();
}
//提供Clone方法调用的私有构造函数,以便克隆工作经历数据
public Resume(WorkExperience work)
{
this.work = (WorkExperience)work.Clone();
}
public void SetPersonalInfo(string sex,string age)
{
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
}
public void SetWorkExperrience(string workDate,string company)
{
work.WorkDate = workDate;
work.Company = company;
}
public void Display()
{
Debug.Log(name + " " + sex + " " + age);
Debug.Log(work.WorkDate + " " + work.Company);
}
//调用私有构造方法,让工作经历克隆,然后再给新对象其他字段赋值
//最终返回一个深复制的简历对象
public object Clone()
{
Resume obj = new Resume(this.work);
obj.name = this.name;
obj.sex = this.sex;
obj.age = this.age;
return obj;
}
}
还是使用之前的客户端逻辑,结果如下。