1、修改/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml和/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml文件

core-site.xml内容

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp</value>
                <description>Abase for other temporary directories.</description>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
                <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

hdfs-site.xml文件内容

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
                <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.replication</name>
                <value>1</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
                <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
                <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/dfs/data</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

2、执行名称节点格式化

cd /usr/local/hadoop
./bin/hdfs namenode -format

3、启动hadoop

cd /usr/local/hadoop
./sbin/start-dfs.sh 

4、查看是否启动成功

jps

关闭hadoop

./sbin/stop-dfs.sh
rm -r ./tmp
#重新格式化节点
./sbin/hdfs namemnode -format
#重启
./sbin/start-dfs.sh

5、使用web界面查看hdfs信息

访问:localhost:9870

可能的报错，如果运行报jdk的错误的话，则需要更改/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh文件

在里面加上你jdk的路径

export JAVA_HOME=/tools/JDK/jdk1.8.0_371