AI与医学领域数据的结合早已是一个热门的方向，基于深度学习技术来开发辅助智能识别和检测模型对于疾病的高效智能化诊断有着重要的指导意义，这里本文的主要思想就是想要基于轻量级的CNN模型来尝试开发构建息肉识别系统，后续项目中会需要基于此项目来进一步开发构建检测端模型，首先看下实例效果，如下所示：

接下来看下数据集情况：

这里是基于mobilenet模型开发实现的息肉识别，首先来看下mobienet模型的实现：

def MobileNet(
    input_shape=None, alpha=1.0, depth_multiplier=1, dropout=1e-3, classes=1000
):

    img_input = Input(shape=input_shape)
    x = convBlock(img_input, 32, alpha, strides=(2, 2))
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 64, alpha, depth_multiplier, block_id=1)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 128, alpha, depth_multiplier, strides=(2, 2), block_id=2)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 128, alpha, depth_multiplier, block_id=3)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 256, alpha, depth_multiplier, strides=(2, 2), block_id=4)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 256, alpha, depth_multiplier, block_id=5)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 512, alpha, depth_multiplier, strides=(2, 2), block_id=6)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 512, alpha, depth_multiplier, block_id=7)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 512, alpha, depth_multiplier, block_id=8)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 512, alpha, depth_multiplier, block_id=9)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 512, alpha, depth_multiplier, block_id=10)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 512, alpha, depth_multiplier, block_id=11)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 1024, alpha, depth_multiplier, strides=(2, 2), block_id=12)
    x = dwConvBlock(x, 1024, alpha, depth_multiplier, block_id=13)
    x = GlobalAveragePooling2D()(x)
    shape = (1, 1, int(1024 * alpha))
    x = Reshape(shape, name="reshape_1")(x)
    x = Dropout(dropout, name="dropout")(x)
    x = Conv2D(classes, (1, 1), padding="same", name="conv_preds")(x)
    x = Activation("softmax", name="act_softmax")(x)
    x = Reshape((classes,), name="reshape_2")(x)
    inputs = img_input
    model = Model(inputs, x, name="mobilenet_%0.2f" % (alpha))
    return model

MobileNet是一种轻量级的卷积神经网络模型，旨在在计算资源受限的移动设备上实现高效的图像分类和目标检测。其主要原理如下：

1. Depthwise Separable Convolution：MobileNet使用Depthwise Separable Convolution来减少参数量和计算量。这是一种将标准卷积分解成深度卷积（Depthwise Convolution）和逐点卷积（Pointwise Convolution）两个步骤的方法。深度卷积仅对输入的每个通道进行卷积，减少了卷积核的数量。逐点卷积使用1x1卷积核来将深度卷积的输出转化为期望的特征维度。这种分解有效降低了参数量，减少了计算量。

2. 网络结构设计：MobileNet采用了基于深度可分离卷积的轻量网络结构。网络主要由一系列重复的卷积块和下采样层构成。卷积块包含了深度卷积、逐点卷积和激活函数。下采样层通常使用步长较大的深度可分离卷积来减少特征图的尺寸。通过这种设计，MobileNet减少了网络的深度和参数量，从而在较小的设备上实现了高效的推理。

优点：

• 轻量高效：MobileNet采用了Depthwise Separable Convolution和轻量网络结构，大大减少了参数量和计算量，使得它在计算资源受限的设备上运行速度快。
• 网络结构可定制：MobileNet的网络结构可以根据不同的需求和资源限制进行调整和定制。可以通过调整深度可分离卷积的层数和通道数来平衡准确性和模型大小。

缺点：

• 精度受限：由于网络结构的轻量化和参数减少，MobileNet相对于大型网络模型，如ResNet和Inception等，可能牺牲了一定的精度。
• 对复杂数据集的泛化能力有限：MobileNet在处理复杂数据集上的泛化能力可能相对较差，适用于较简单的图像分类和目标检测任务。

需要根据实际应用场景和资源限制来权衡使用MobileNet的优势和劣势。在资源受限的设备上，如移动设备或嵌入式系统，MobileNet是一种高效的选择，但在对准确性和复杂性要求较高的任务上，可能需要考虑更为复杂的网络结构。

部分图像数据编码错误，这里为了避免训练中断出现错误，事先过滤处理了，如下所示：

def filterImgs(dataDir="data/"):
    """
    过滤无效图片
    """
    for one_label in os.listdir(dataDir):
        oneDir=dataDir+one_label+"/"
        for one_pic in os.listdir(oneDir):
            try:
                one_img = Image.open(oneDir + one_pic)
                one_img = one_img.convert('RGB')
            except Exception as e:
                print("Exception: ", e)
                print("removing: ", oneDir + one_pic)
                os.remove(oneDir + one_pic)

接下来是随机划分数据集，如下所示：

# 加载解析创建数据集
if not os.path.exists("dataset.json"):
    train_dataset = []
    test_dataset = []
    all_dataset = []
    classes_list = os.listdir(datasetDir)
    classes_list.sort()
    print("classes_list: ", classes_list)
    with open("weights/classes.txt","w") as f:
        for one_label in classes_list:
            f.write(one_label.strip()+"\n")
    print("classes file write success!")
    num_classes=len(classes_list)
    for one_label in os.listdir(datasetDir):
        oneDir = datasetDir + one_label + "/"
        for one_pic in os.listdir(oneDir):
            one_path = oneDir + one_pic
            try:
                one_ind = classes_list.index(one_label)
                all_dataset.append([one_ind, one_path])
            except:
                pass
    train_ratio = 0.90
    train_num = int(train_ratio * len(all_dataset))
    all_inds = list(range(len(all_dataset)))
    train_inds = random.sample(all_inds, train_num)
    test_inds = [one for one in all_inds if one not in train_inds]
    for one_ind in train_inds:
        train_dataset.append(all_dataset[one_ind])
    for one_ind in test_inds:
        test_dataset.append(all_dataset[one_ind])
    dataset = {}
    dataset["train"] = train_dataset
    dataset["test"] = test_dataset
    with open("dataset.json", "w") as f:
        f.write(json.dumps(dataset))
else:
    with open("dataset.json") as f:
        dataset = json.load(f)
    train_dataset = dataset["train"]
    test_dataset = dataset["test"]
    with open("weights/classes.txt","r") as f:
        classes_list=[one.strip() for one in f.readlines() if one.strip()]
    print("classes_list: ", classes_list)
    num_classes = len(classes_list)
print("train_dataset_size: ", len(train_dataset))
print("test_dataset_size: ", len(test_dataset))

默认训练集-测试集比例为：9:1。

默认设定400次epoch的迭代计算，记录了训练过程中的loss和acc指标，如下所示：

0.5154747596153846 0.39809782608695654 1.2164945270006473 1.463877745296644
0.74609375 0.485054347826087 0.6819654452399566 1.5721689203511113
0.8022836538461539 0.40217391304347827 0.5187144568189979 1.8715582412222158
0.8312800480769231 0.44972826086956524 0.43426069140864104 2.1099254203879316
0.8467548076923077 0.38858695652173914 0.4049599589063571 2.324588900027068
0.8565204326923077 0.4375 0.37355997033703786 2.0007840654124385
0.8649338942307693 0.422554347826087 0.3477869880958818 2.169725459554921
0.8640324519230769 0.38315217391304346 0.35456895086771023 2.349976124970809
0.8644831730769231 0.53125 0.342520742247311 1.657330106134
0.8801081730769231 0.49728260869565216 0.3203347835761423 2.0639226540275244
0.8676382211538461 0.46195652173913043 0.3448066282300995 2.0199126316153486
0.8781550480769231 0.37228260869565216 0.31672593127363 2.674230181652567
0.8709435096153846 0.422554347826087 0.3340735392859922 2.081441982932713
0.8787560096153846 0.421195652173913 0.31750239360217863 2.3421299353889795
0.8753004807692307 0.41983695652173914 0.3376231001904951 2.512510569199272
0.8754507211538461 0.42527173913043476 0.3258774747642187 2.376193694446398
0.8715444711538461 0.4171195652173913 0.32688325070417845 2.3013603220815244
0.8814603365384616 0.5081521739130435 0.30448799279446787 2.0197541506394097
0.8816105769230769 0.4320652173913043 0.3044046882826548 2.317944365998973
0.8771033653846154 0.46059782608695654 0.32638321394244063 2.3432255931522534
0.8865685096153846 0.42527173913043476 0.30195715851508653 2.343923029692277
0.8781550480769231 0.34782608695652173 0.3149156108713494 2.805894618449004
0.8849158653846154 0.46603260869565216 0.29744300163852483 2.246819864148679
0.8796574519230769 0.42391304347826086 0.3122760229744017 2.5408245169598125
0.8843149038461539 0.41304347826086957 0.2980435914718188 2.9040553258812944
0.8844651442307693 0.44565217391304346 0.301070542468761 2.4935074059859565
0.8778545673076923 0.46875 0.31903693402329314 2.5308368672495303
0.8859675480769231 0.47690217391304346 0.2962351868358942 2.3352172322895215
0.8762019230769231 0.4171195652173913 0.3214864184578451 2.552992069202921
0.8817608173076923 0.3546195652173913 0.3080323341732415 3.0748863583025723
0.8859675480769231 0.4048913043478261 0.2998330883251933 2.8639659104139907
0.8780048076923077 0.3654891304347826 0.3131044839258091 2.6549240765364273
0.8813100961538461 0.4008152173913043 0.29940157852923643 2.437786770903546
0.8810096153846154 0.3858695652173913 0.3110712842227748 2.725678236588188
0.8819110576923077 0.39402173913043476 0.30586446364983344 2.745364329089289
0.8837139423076923 0.49728260869565216 0.29587585855132115 2.165059094843657
0.8853665865384616 0.41032608695652173 0.29879140187627995 2.6892030757406484
0.880859375 0.45516304347826086 0.30439808248327327 2.56989878675212
0.8861177884615384 0.4266304347826087 0.29264089558273554 2.4963120740392934
0.87890625 0.45652173913043476 0.30941993196924716 2.7461025974024897
0.8898737980769231 0.4076086956521739 0.2910010141607087 2.7433270008667656
0.8909254807692307 0.485054347826087 0.2936164183327212 2.269909195278002
0.8849158653846154 0.4375 0.2901983897810659 2.3913298378820005
0.8861177884615384 0.41032608695652173 0.30570005140124035 2.6114216213640957
0.8913762019230769 0.501358695652174 0.2792244608908032 2.255806109179621
0.8850661057692307 0.4633152173913043 0.29921287584763306 2.4893640694410903
0.8931790865384616 0.46875 0.28616888822916037 2.159032510674518
0.8871694711538461 0.43070652173913043 0.29577509704260874 2.753981243009153
0.8805588942307693 0.45652173913043476 0.3119760208870642 2.524707389914471
0.8834134615384616 0.46195652173913043 0.31217187227538 2.1665377046750938
0.8846153846153846 0.48097826086956524 0.30655765644489574 2.3538503646850586
0.8840144230769231 0.4701086956521739 0.30137708643451333 2.6392081250315127
0.8810096153846154 0.49728260869565216 0.3035102318972349 2.334437536156696
0.8832632211538461 0.4701086956521739 0.2975065018981695 2.7989701084468677
0.8919771634615384 0.44157608695652173 0.28025509832570183 2.729577733122784
0.8915264423076923 0.5203804347826086 0.2857905236216119 2.1341733466023984
0.8888221153846154 0.48233695652173914 0.28865195937956184 2.3932810918144556
0.8837139423076923 0.4116847826086957 0.3006662157937311 2.483801510023034
0.8880709134615384 0.41983695652173914 0.2955223592356421 2.7886516633241074
0.8891225961538461 0.42934782608695654 0.2838552057420692 3.0877410225246265
0.8817608173076923 0.39402173913043476 0.31288937635075015 3.0417406351669976
0.8820612980769231 0.46875 0.30851197733472174 2.3539296233135723
0.8810096153846154 0.501358695652174 0.30860623735218096 2.12857418993245
0.8858173076923077 0.49320652173913043 0.30020116351974696 2.0661076773767886
0.8880709134615384 0.3858695652173913 0.2871731912018731 2.768910314725793
0.8825120192307693 0.48097826086956524 0.2992731337614644 2.365106121353481
0.8870192307692307 0.40353260869565216 0.3022848378795271 3.2620466895725415
0.8853665865384616 0.5108695652173914 0.3016634952420226 2.230887700682101
0.8924278846153846 0.5258152173913043 0.28622997344399875 2.2626931356347124
0.8942307692307693 0.4796195652173913 0.27511951418665165 2.525853431743124
0.8820612980769231 0.39402173913043476 0.3043149922831127 2.827407816182012
0.888671875 0.4986413043478261 0.2855500362885113 2.48911336193914
0.8895733173076923 0.47282608695652173 0.2879279766124315 2.3041591696117236
0.8916766826923077 0.4945652173913043 0.2883217267584629 2.4073164566703467
0.884765625 0.5 0.3035451683144157 2.2481620363567187
0.8861177884615384 0.41983695652173914 0.29773898999421644 3.0533045633979468
0.8954326923076923 0.452445652173913 0.2754751418430645 2.847517200138258
0.8805588942307693 0.3491847826086957 0.30879578101806915 3.1635055956633193
0.8913762019230769 0.4320652173913043 0.2839208242053596 2.765966026679329
0.8849158653846154 0.41847826086956524 0.28731423686258495 2.853112210398135
0.8888221153846154 0.3858695652173913 0.2911150610754983 2.892658031505087
0.8946814903846154 0.4891304347826087 0.28125995732485676 2.299334660820339
0.8799579326923077 0.4891304347826087 0.30359778037438023 2.5078257218651148
0.8846153846153846 0.485054347826087 0.30712116156848 2.5113985175671787
0.8877704326923077 0.5230978260869565 0.28306188717341196 2.2123636473780093
0.8862680288461539 0.5258152173913043 0.2938474529207899 2.132711166920869
0.8874699519230769 0.47554347826086957 0.28447374888659954 2.502578263697417
0.8907752403846154 0.40353260869565216 0.2903130086532866 2.7296614595081494
0.8856670673076923 0.4633152173913043 0.29906475672928184 2.35868239402771
0.8951322115384616 0.5 0.27022388000757647 2.5580334767051367
0.8879206730769231 0.4429347826086957 0.28805010930563396 2.8339048986849575
0.8871694711538461 0.5108695652173914 0.29040914104105187 2.5183760031409888
0.8853665865384616 0.4782608695652174 0.29514566608346426 2.54559138028518
0.8852163461538461 0.4470108695652174 0.2896655301491802 2.843107969864555
0.8843149038461539 0.5353260869565217 0.2962305262649002 2.010954120884771
0.8897235576923077 0.4891304347826087 0.296751022983629 2.5319285703741987
0.8910757211538461 0.4986413043478261 0.2868757141001809 2.18648450270943
0.8883713942307693 0.53125 0.28492266045381814 2.0482969335887744
0.8946814903846154 0.422554347826087 0.27908764840461886 2.9815135935078496
0.8898737980769231 0.49320652173913043 0.2847877925870797 2.433269930922467
0.8877704326923077 0.421195652173913 0.2914668395398901 2.9109813026759936
0.8829627403846154 0.421195652173913 0.29618925826910597 2.9937719365824824
0.8921274038461539 0.36277173913043476 0.27185014001308727 2.7511361215425576
0.8880709134615384 0.4741847826086957 0.2914411407322265 2.38039491487586
0.8882211538461539 0.4578804347826087 0.2935656687029852 2.674441565638003
0.8838641826923077 0.47282608695652173 0.29322710331493557 2.443865242211715
0.8814603365384616 0.47554347826086957 0.3029458928638353 2.256706548773724
0.8904747596153846 0.36820652173913043 0.2842507206906493 3.283756266469541
0.8895733173076923 0.48097826086956524 0.2863835884222331 2.5577310220054956
0.8933293269230769 0.5 0.27664133453240186 2.285953506179478
0.8897235576923077 0.4633152173913043 0.28592746794367063 2.708962559700012
0.8859675480769231 0.43478260869565216 0.2881252178384994 3.0230617212212603
0.8868689903846154 0.43342391304347827 0.2907924360344903 2.6715903437655903
0.8895733173076923 0.483695652173913 0.28292465537714845 2.7363364748332812
0.8864182692307693 0.48097826086956524 0.287336961294596 2.4666915924652764
0.8901742788461539 0.53125 0.2798259420177111 2.1327932191931684
0.8831129807692307 0.4388586956521739 0.3002606089441822 3.0748048968937085
0.8909254807692307 0.5095108695652174 0.28100595016104096 2.447758068209109
0.8873197115384616 0.4470108695652174 0.29411856196104336 2.832267113353895
0.8840144230769231 0.44565217391304346 0.2924106385415563 2.7040689976319023
0.890625 0.4592391304347826 0.27290908159473193 2.8543530547100566
0.8849158653846154 0.4375 0.29191818297840655 2.6236291242682417
0.8862680288461539 0.421195652173913 0.30117998933061385 2.9916516283284063
0.888671875 0.4429347826086957 0.28470070398627567 2.809993168582087
0.8868689903846154 0.4741847826086957 0.2942093478587384 2.421338185020115
0.8889723557692307 0.3845108695652174 0.28771216556644785 3.2743787195371543
0.8841646634615384 0.3858695652173913 0.29487528580312544 2.8993696233500605
0.8939302884615384 0.45652173913043476 0.26520583897721595 2.826691472012064
0.8939302884615384 0.43342391304347827 0.2789954667767653 2.9413222851960557
0.8895733173076923 0.4429347826086957 0.2844223710350119 2.892515700796376
0.8864182692307693 0.5108695652173914 0.29274962837091434 2.7277851260226704
0.8960336538461539 0.45108695652173914 0.2670513882230108 2.921879706175431
0.892578125 0.4701086956521739 0.276901362499652 2.7721656301747197
0.8873197115384616 0.44972826086956524 0.2850624556438281 2.842447317164877
0.8910757211538461 0.5040760869565217 0.28625117471584904 2.332304633182028
0.8910757211538461 0.43478260869565216 0.2736904413725894 2.912581739218339
0.8913762019230769 0.4633152173913043 0.2878354856601128 2.8400660390439243
0.8967848557692307 0.46059782608695654 0.27548806473182946 2.6602804090665733
0.8892728365384616 0.44972826086956524 0.29633591300807893 2.950828033944835
0.8865685096153846 0.4701086956521739 0.28834600632007307 2.651406733886055
0.8892728365384616 0.5081521739130435 0.2977613198678367 2.547774542932925
0.8883713942307693 0.48641304347826086 0.27934261506351715 2.6460869675097256
0.8913762019230769 0.4578804347826087 0.2803412304761318 2.8015395662058955
0.8952824519230769 0.5095108695652174 0.28050794939582163 2.3571599929229072
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0.98046875 0.9483695652173914 0.042025313003530476 0.16071579051102794
0.9791165865384616 0.9470108695652174 0.04326277513777873 0.17884452932554742
0.9798677884615384 0.936141304347826 0.043055135188926494 0.21178825636920723
0.9809194711538461 0.9524456521739131 0.04118108507534019 0.2028218840562698
0.9774639423076923 0.9375 0.04753454151516333 0.22450798252880896
0.9819711538461539 0.9497282608695652 0.040747074870383725 0.1807518426541482
0.9800180288461539 0.9442934782608695 0.042177971253225296 0.2125108668418682
0.9831730769230769 0.9456521739130435 0.04076371839955055 0.1964559689083177
0.9819711538461539 0.9429347826086957 0.038143587275744024 0.2036857379235975
0.9813701923076923 0.9456521739130435 0.042731816436571535 0.20527269436127465
0.9813701923076923 0.9456521739130435 0.04047032824326799 0.21024836554779144
0.9807692307692307 0.938858695652174 0.04338226540354439 0.21516707250797798
0.9836237980769231 0.9415760869565217 0.03955918669446244 0.21384809529611273
0.978515625 0.9510869565217391 0.043211904333405146 0.18551778859134926
0.9834735576923077 0.9483695652173914 0.03824753260106753 0.18827630799395315
0.9822716346153846 0.9497282608695652 0.04040624508930845 0.1778528825379908
0.98046875 0.9347826086956522 0.041367857818841 0.24180647698433502
0.9836237980769231 0.9456521739130435 0.03946849920377925 0.21254267458520507
0.9818209134615384 0.9483695652173914 0.038994924209943674 0.19110952352133134
0.9812199519230769 0.9497282608695652 0.04163269028112364 0.1977178234121074
0.9807692307692307 0.9470108695652174 0.04097954266035231 0.18991075441970126
0.9797175480769231 0.9470108695652174 0.04592188870251098 0.18352113757282495
0.9806189903846154 0.9402173913043478 0.043144331519775175 0.2192580147150337
0.9819711538461539 0.9456521739130435 0.039872977852260544 0.20926870861212196
0.9806189903846154 0.9483695652173914 0.03887190216244982 0.1797277572483796
0.9810697115384616 0.9470108695652174 0.042583192022553146 0.20250466164282482
0.9818209134615384 0.9429347826086957 0.038324670578171766 0.20854254543740788
0.982421875 0.9497282608695652 0.03988815995175033 0.19960044534957927
0.9828725961538461 0.9429347826086957 0.04008368882715821 0.22782816130505956
0.9812199519230769 0.9524456521739131 0.040091900089884384 0.17747803048595137
0.9852764423076923 0.9442934782608695 0.03662994625035655 0.21332521456276046
0.9827223557692307 0.9483695652173914 0.042593549519481785 0.19427428904758848
0.9825721153846154 0.9483695652173914 0.03751505648369857 0.2034865390463813
0.9818209134615384 0.9470108695652174 0.03944827117028091 0.20417926517193732
0.9831730769230769 0.9524456521739131 0.03950558457626567 0.19233236537294704
0.9807692307692307 0.9415760869565217 0.040359040952423056 0.2154917812693621
0.9806189903846154 0.9442934782608695 0.042878100665872734 0.21596553931822596
0.9816706730769231 0.9538043478260869 0.0380077968436056 0.19643985715937679
0.9819711538461539 0.9470108695652174 0.03952874999553247 0.21059925655034653
0.9810697115384616 0.9524456521739131 0.04102906323029087 0.19199126809025588
0.9816706730769231 0.9510869565217391 0.040327877668600055 0.19521407079477998

整体对比可视化如下所示：

整体测试识别准确率还不错，后续会再此基础上开发构建检测模型。